The Role of Credits and Advanced Technologies in EPAs Light Duty GHG - - PDF document
6/10/20 The Role of Credits and Advanced Technologies in EPAs Light Duty GHG Standards Aaron Hula National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1 What Does
Aaron Hula National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1
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Certify and Regulate Fuels
Coordinate Voluntary Partnerships Provide Consumer Information Conduct Emissions and Fuel Economy Testing Future Technology Analysis, Modeling, and Policy Evaluation Develop and Implement Regulations
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based Averaging, Banking, and Trading (ABT) program
the current (and all previous) model years if they have a positive credit balance at the end of the model year
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Source: EPA Automotive Trends Report 4
Off-Cycle credits reward technologies that achieve real-world GHG reductions, but are not fully captured on 2-cycle city/highway tests
Manufacturers may generate credits for CO2 reducing technologies where the CO2 reduction benefit of the technology is not adequately captured on the Federal Test Procedure and/or the Highway Fuel Economy Test. These technologies must have a measurable, demonstrable, and verifiable real-world CO2 reduction that occurs outside the conditions of the Federal Test Procedure and the Highway Fuel Economy Test. These optional credits are referred to as “off-cycle” credits. (40 CFR 86.1869-12)
Eligible Technologies must NOT be:
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1) Menu Based Verify that the vehicle has a technology on EPAs list of approved credits for specific technologies
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2) 5-cycle Testing Perform additional testing using EPA 5-cycle method (including high speed, rapid accelerations, cold starts) to demonstrate and justify credits. 3) Alternative method Petition EPA using an Alternative method if option 1 and 2 are not applicable (40 CFR 86.1869-12)
MY 2018: 92% of credits MY 2018: <1% of credits MY 2018: 8% of credits 6
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Manufacturers are using a variety of menu credits
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criteria:
analytical or engineering methods
benefit with strong statistical significance
are minimized
another basis is appropriate and adequate
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their technology and real world use for Mercedes vehicles.
through Progressive Insurance to estimate Mercedes idle time, and system effectiveness.
Small Car Mid Car Large Car Light Truck EPA “menu” credits 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.4 Mercedes application 11 9.1 19 17.1 Mercedes rebuttal 8.72 6.92 8.46 7.56 Approved methodology 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.6
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https://www.epa.gov/vehicle-and-engine-certification/compliance-information-light-duty- greenhouse-gas-ghg-standards
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Industry performance for model year 2018 was 253 g/mi, including 6.5 g/mi of
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Manufacturer performance = Tailpipe emissions adjusted for A/C credits, off-cycle credits, advanced technology credits, etc. This does NOT determine compliance! Each manufacturer has unique car and truck standards based on average vehicle footprint
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All large manufacturers achieved compliance with the GHG standards through the 2018 model year.
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EPA’s National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory Ann Arbor, MI
advanced technologies that reduce emissions and protect the environment?
impacts?
– VMT, traffic, vehicle design, utilization, etc. 15
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Several manufacturers are buying, and selling, credits. Credits from model year 2017 and later last 5 years.
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The industry generated almost as many credits as it used in 2018, maintaining a large bank of credits for future model years.
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Converting from g/mi to Tg
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