The role of commercial plantation forestry in the status of our - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The role of commercial plantation forestry in the status of our - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The role of commercial plantation forestry in the status of our water quality What does the data tell us Water clarity by dominant land cover 2009-13 Metres (Max value: 12.3m) ANZECC 2000 guideline Urban Indigenous Exotic forest

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SLIDE 1

The role of commercial plantation forestry in the status of our water quality

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SLIDE 2

What does the data tell us

Water clarity by dominant land cover 2009-13

Metres (Max value: 12.3m) ANZECC 2000 guideline Urban Pastoral Indigenous Exotic forest Dominant land cover Source: NIWA; regional councils

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SLIDE 3

What does the data tell us

Dissolved phosphorus by dominant land cover

2009-13

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 mg/m3 (Max value: 270 mg/m3)

Dissolved phosphorus threshold (Max value: 290 mg/m3) Urban Pastoral Indigenous Exotic forest Dominant land cover Source: NIWA: regional councils

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SLIDE 4

What does the data tell us

Nitrate-nitrogen by dominant land cover

2009-13

mg/ m3 2,500

NPS-FM nitrate- 2,250 nitrogen guideline B 2,000 (Max value: 131500 mgim3) 1,750 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 500 250 Urban zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

  • Pastoral

I ndigenous Exotic forest Dominant land cover Source: NI WA; regional councils

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SLIDE 5

What does the data tell us

E.coli concentration by dominant land cover 2009-13

E.coli per 100mL 1,100 1,000 NPS-FM guideline 900 (Max value; (Max value: 800 1,750 E.co/i/100mL) 2,300 E.coii/100mL) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Urban Pastoral Indigenous Exotic forest Dominant land cover Source: NIWA; regional councils

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SLIDE 6

Water Quality Index Water Quality

Class

91.7 Excellent Rural 66.7

WNW

Fair

Fair 54,3 Urban

5

Nathe Urban Exotic Forest Rural

Land Cover

But pure forest sites underrepresented.

National Data = generally encouraging

Other regions Auckland 6% of sam ple

  • National datasets

generally indicates plantation forests maintain an average status a bit below undisturbed native forest but above pastoral farming and urban.

  • Other regional data confirms....

PFOLSEN

Land cover

Native Exotic Forest 81.9 Good

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SLIDE 7

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20

2001-02 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

120

2002-03 131.1111 2003-04 100 2004-05 136.3636

2005-06 135.4545

2007-08 141.1111 2008-09 131.25 2012-13 123.8095

Other examples

Mangapapa Bay of Plenty West Coast

2013 MCI results

Location

Sunday Creek Austrians Ck Redjacks Creek Ongionui (12 Mile) Blackmum s Ck Moores Creek Palmers Creek German Gully Stream

MCI

136 127 146 139 130 114 116 145

QMCI

6 6 8 8 6 7 8 8

Sunday Creek Estimated fishing area = 220m2 Fish abundance (fish/m2) 2003 2006 2008 2010 Longfin eel 0.073 0.095 0.005 Shortfin eel 0.009 0.005 Inanga Koaro 0.16 0.06 0.01 Shortjaw kokopu Banded Kokopu 0.28 0.36 0.11 0.02 Brown trout

  • Bluegill bully

Upland bully Redfin bully 0.04 0.03 0.05 Dwarf galaxias Lamprey 0.015

MCI

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SLIDE 8

3 . ( 1 . Toreturba exits Exotic Forest) 3 . ( 3 .Zittel Jm n Exotic/ Native Forest> 3 . ( S. Trubutery Ex forst a Pierce Rd)

) • zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

(7. Native Forest)

  • 5
  • Per. Mee. Avg. ( 2 . Ye Paid - bridge
  • per. Moo. Avg. ( 4 . Farm land- Ent.,
  • 5 per. Mov. Avg. ( 6 . Ye Peel exiting
  • Exotic Forost/Farrniona)

nog bras°

forest)

  • per. Moo. Av

5 per. Moo. Av 5 pen Mov. As

  • 5 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
  • per. Mov. Av

Water Temperature

Measured from a long term in-forest monitoring site during harvest.

Native fish have m axim um tem perature acceptability of approxim ately 2 5°C ( shortfin and longfin eels) and about 2 0°C for m any bully species and below 2 0°C for trout and galaxid species. I ntroduced sport fish ( salm on and trout) are stressed w hen tem peratures exceed 2 0°C ( Quinn, Hickey, 1 9 9 0 ) . W hen considering m acroinvertebrates w ater tem perature is a key determ inant of

  • diversity. Stoneflies are largely confined to rivers betw een 1 3 and 1 9°C and m ayflies are

less com m on in rivers w ith m axim um tem peratures greater than 2 1 .5°C ( Quinn, Hickey, 1 9 9 0 ) .

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SLIDE 9

Forestry's concern Periodic sedimentation

. At time of harvest and

particularly earthworks.

. Predominantly in small

headwaters streams.

II Exacerbated by historic

plantings right to stream edge and or poor establishment layout relative to harvesting needs.

. Second rotations

should be better.

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SLIDE 10

S.Sediment Ratio% of Forest yield relative to Farm yield.

350% 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0%

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

—0—Ratio%

Forestry's concern Periodic sedimentation

  • Highly erodible sedimentary

formations.

  • Paired catchments — pastoral

grazing (sheep) and plantation.

  • Standard practice at the time.
  • Peak during harvesting —

more specifically roading earthworks.

  • Declines quickly afterwards
  • Overall sediment yield still

well down on pastoral landuse.

Pakuratahi Study — Hawkes Bay

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SLIDE 11

NZ FOREST OW NERS ASSOCI ATI ON I NC

So what does the industry do?

Responsible operators should

  • Be working to Industry

codes.

  • Increasing focus on good

planning and execution.

  • Increasing focus on water

— Voluntary setbacks on

all streams...

— 5m streams up to 3.0 wide. — 10m all larger streams. — Sediment controls.

NEW ZEALAND FOREST ROAD ENGINEERING MANUAL

New Zealand Environmental Code of Practice for Plantation Forestry

Vi Tr Trrar• tC• I thr,

FOREST

moms

ASSOCI ATI ON

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SLIDE 12
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SLIDE 13

_

Flood amelioration

  • Forests

— Canopies intercept about 20%

  • f rainfall in low - moderate

rainfall events.

— Root systems and low

compaction allow rain infiltration.

— Below about 30% clearance in

an individual catchment, hydrological effects unlikely.

— In very intense storms —

moderation effect reduced.

— Dryland environments or over-

allocated water demand, plantations may reduce peak yield.

PFOLSEN

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SLIDE 14

Biodiversity

Fauna

r zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

1,1 le Gott.

11C.I .VE0M'S FC5 Prostrate KanAs 14.4 Med

Phu.. * us

  • Os,.,,,
  • Lora, W al Bat ( OW .. I s) Scandw radoha
Bbe Duct erg W . eel Savereve Cassytha pauW ata Long-W ed C.., Spoutes Cw e Co:rearna aw osa
  • Lerapar. ( Rvul
51nredzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA sAaB C000w a kroam I ts Nero Zealand Fatal Sw arm Mal. • 0 ,0 0 s0 1 ,a * m .o. Noet, bland aw n KW Dattha*
  • Noon bind Kau
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Far.

  • Nor. bland
Gage 0.0 NOT I sland MI A
  • ..,_ .4:— •

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t.

  • 7

PF Olsen FSC Group Scheme Certified Forests Map 1

Terrestrial/ wetland reserves

  • Tawa/Podocarp/Hardwood
  • Manuka/kanuka/BroadleavedHW
  • Adventive and exotic weeds & grasses
  • Tawa/ Broadleaved Hardwoods
  • Hardwood/Podocarp/beech
  • Broadleaved Hardwood Shrub&fitmland

▪ Leptospermum/shrub HW/kowhai/podocarp

Beech/Tawa/podocarp/harwood

  • Subalpine mixed flax/shrubhardwood &tussock
  • Podocarp/Hardwood
  • leptosperrnum/coprosma/flax wetland
  • Beech Hard/Red dominant/ Podocarp

Uncosolidated foredunes Warm lowland softwoods hardwoods

  • Rewarewa/Harcfwoods
  • Semi-wetland Sedge & femlands
  • Ouneland small leaved colonisers &grasses
  • Lowland Softwooditawa/titoki
  • Kahikatea/swampland
  • Geothermal vegetation
  • Exotic Species
  • Kahlkatea/matai/podocarp/HW
  • Blechnum Bracken or dense tree fern fernlands
  • Manuka /Beech
  • Manuka /Hardwoods

Lake /surface water wetland

▪ Geothermal sinter terraces

  • Gorse / nurse crop cover

1 0,600ha reserves = 19%

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SLIDE 15

Ecosystem Services

Table 3. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Indicative values (in $ per ha per year) of key ecosystem services in the ohiwa catchment.

Ecosystem service Land usei Total Type Details Productive Natural Dry stock Exotic Dairy forestry Horticui- ture indigenous Scrub forest W etlands and m angroves Provisioning Food, wool, wood, pulp 158 483 1,686 8,810 11,137 Regulating Carbon sequestration/ emission and GHG regulation

  • 16

48

  • 41
  • 9

Avoided erosion and flood/ disturbance regulation 121 166 166 12,737 13,190 Regulating nutrient (nitrogen) supply (e.g. avoided leaching)

  • 3,200

2,800

  • 12,000

10,000 2,800 2,800

  • 16,800

Pollination 69 206 69 233 206 206 989 Water regulation 2 8 6 8 6 6 42 76 Waste treatment 244 244 244 11,721 12,453 Pest and disease regulation/ Biological control 164 11 105 65 11 11 367 Water supply 8

8 8

10,664 Social Recreation 900 1,800 1,978 4,678 Species conservation 257 414 494 1,165 Supporting Nutrient cycling 994 994 994 2,982 Soil formation

3

14

3 6 28 28

82

Net ES Value ( $/ ha/ yr)

  • 2,814

6,092

  • 10,170
  • 885

6,677 4,463 37,636 40,990 Area (ha) 4,914 3,201

2,854 51 3,576 2,380 316 17,292 TOTAL VALUE ( S per land use per year)

  • 13,827,996

19,500,492

  • 29,025,180
  • 45,145

23,876,952 10,621,940 11,892,976 22,993,580 Blank cells indicate that there were no appropriate data found to represent those values. A blank space does not necessarily mean that the ecosystem service has no value. It is very likely the non- market of that particular ecosystem service can be estimated because that value had already been estimated for other land uses.

2

Water regulation is defined in the MEA (2005) as The thing and magnitude of runoff, flooding, and aquifer recharge can be strongly influenced by changes in land cover, including, in particular, alterations that change the water storage potential of the system, such as the conversion of wetlands or the replacement of forests with croplands or croplands with urban areas."