The pow er of Rhetoric The pow er of Rhetoric Contact: Contact: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

“The pow er of Rhetoric” “The pow er of Rhetoric”

Contact: EMMA REYES REYES Ph-D Applied Physics Department University of Cadiz E-mail: emma.reyes@uca.es Contact: EMMA REYES REYES Ph-D Applied Physics Department University of Cadiz E-mail: emma.reyes@uca.es

“This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein."

Outlines

• I NTRODUCTI ON

– What is “Rhetoric”? – The power of “Rhetoric” – The use of “Rhetoric” for Stakeholders

• BASI CS FOR ORAL PRESENTATI ONS

– Content: Information to be included – Format: Information design

• GI VI NG AN ORAL PRESENTATI ON

– 10 Simples Rules for making a good oral presentation (Philip E. Bourne) – Good and Bad practices

• POSTER PRESENTATI ONS

– How to design a poster? – How to present a poster?

• Rhetoric: the intentional use of language to influence

an audience

• Parts and functions of Rhetoric:

W hat is “rhetoric”?

INTRODUCTION

I nvention: To discover the available means of persuasion. Arrangem ent: To select and assemble the argument effectively. Style: To present the argument cogently and eloquently. Mem ory: To speak extemporaneously. Delivery: To effectively use voice, gestures, text, and images. The five canons of Rhetoric

W hat is “rhetoric”?

INTRODUCTION

• Every rhetorical act, every use of language, occurs within a

rhetorical context, which includes at least 4 elements: Aim : Why are you speaking or writing? Subject: What is your message about? Audience: To whom are you speaking or writing? . Medium : How will your message be delivered or received? Four Factors in a Rhetorical context

The pow er of “rhetoric”

The Three Rhetorical Appeals to the audience

INTRODUCTION

AI M AI M SUBJECT SUBJECT AUDI ENCE MEDI UM Ethos Pathos Logos Within the rhetorical context, we, as speakers and writers, make three types of appeals to our audience:

The use of “rhetoric” for Stakeholders

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS COMPANY Partnerships I nform ation sharing and consultation Participation Negotiation

Key principles for stakeholder’s engagement Stakeholder engagem ent is about building and maintaining constructive relationships

• ver time.

The use of “rhetoric” for Stakeholders

INTRODUCTION

Key principles of effective engagement

STAKEHOLDERS COMPANY Providing m eaningful inform ation in advance

Diemination information

Respect for local traditions Tw o w ay dialogue Feedback Reporting back NO I ntim idation NO coercion I nclusiveness in representation Clear m echanism s Dissem inating inform ation

Content: I nform ation to be included

BASICS FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

1.- Title/ author/ affiliation (1 slide) 2.- Forecast (1 slide): the gist problem “Abstract” 3.- Outline (1 slide): the talk structure 5.- Results (4-6 slides) 6.- Summary (1 slide) 7.- Future Work (0-1 slides) 8.- Backup Slides (0-3 slides): for expected questions

• 9. - Set out your contact details

4.- Background

• Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 Slides)
• Related Work (0-1 Slides)
• Method (1 slide)

Form at: I nform ation design

BASICS FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Make it Big

• Make your presentations easy to read!
• The title should have the biggest font size
• The rest of the text should be bigger than 18 font size

Keep it sim ple

• Without many colours and without many FONTS and

Styles

• The rule 6 x 7:
• Not more than 6 lines/ slide
• Not more than 7 words/ slide

Form at: I nform ation design

BASICS FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Make it clear

• Serif and Italics fonts are difficult to read
• Sanserif, normal or bold fonts are clearer
• Underlines = hyperlinks
• Use colours to emphasize
• DO NOT USE CAPITAL LETTERS
• Mix case is much easier to read
• Numbers = sequence
• Bullets = show a list without priority, sequence, hierarchy
• Increase the contrast
• Use graphs and images

Dark on light Light on dark Complement colours

Form at: I nform ation design

BASICS FOR ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Make it progressive and focused

• Use animations (appear and disappear options)

Be consistent Differences draw attention ☺Differences may imply importance Use surprises to attract, not distract And finally

• Communication the key
• Text support communication
• Pictures simplify complex concepts
• Animations for complex relationships
• Visuals support, not distract

Rules for m aking an oral presentation

An excellent oral presentation does not require a brilliant orator - you can do it.

• Talk to the audience
• Less is more
• Only talk when you have something to say
• Make the Take-Home message persistent
• Be logical
• Treat the floor as a Stage
• Practice and time your presentation
• Use visuals sparingly but effectively
• Review audio and/ or video of your presentations
• Provide appropriate acknowledgments

Practice, practice …. and practice again and again

GIVING AN ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Good and Bad practices

GIVING AN ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Do not do it

• Never admit to feeling

anxious, unsure or unwell.

• Do not add many dramatic

effects.

• Do not give a monotonous

speech.

• Do not ask a question that

invites a cynical answer from your audience

• Do not put hands into

pockets

• Never turn your back to the

audience

• Do not spend your time

with uninteresting material.

• Never be arrogant

Do it

• Expectation shapes reality
• Be convincing, dynamic,

enthusiastic

• Make a dramatic opening

with the very first words

• Move around a little
• Look at people
• Use a laser or stick (keeps
• ne hand busy)
• Speak clear and loud
• Ask question, provide

answers

• Be self confident BUT

humble

• Respect time constraints

imposed by the exercise

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

FOCUSED SI MPLE GRAPHI C ORDERED An effective poster is simple –It focused on a single message –It avoids saturating the viewer with text –It does not tell, it shows: graphics dominate. –It uses a visual hierarchy for emphasis.

How to design a poster?

How to design a poster?

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Conclusion s interpret results Summary states results

Something important (big)

Fig X: Sm all

Authors em ail@address.com

TI TLE ( the biggest)

Title makes a strong statement W ork place, institution’s logo and w eb site

1 .Take- hom e

Fig X: Sm all

Explanations ( m edium )

Context ( big) 3 . Result 2 . Result 5 .Result 4 .Result

W e Acknow ledge

Conclusions 6 .Sum m ary

How to present a poster?

For the 7 second Scientist w alking by:

• have an informative title.
• have one central picture
• r sketch illustrative of

your work. For the 3 0 seconds Scientist w alking by:

• put the conclusions at the

top.

• use few words.
• use large fonts.
• use simple graphics.
• rganize the information in

a logical way.

• use narrow columns (for

speed reading).

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

How to present a poster?

For the 2 m inutes Scientist fully stopping:

• prepare a 30 seconds talk
• include some technical.

details on methods.

• include most important

results.

• include references.
• let the person go.

For the “I w ill read it later” Scientist:

• print small versions of your

poster.

• put prints of associated

papers.

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Acknow ledgem ents

This case study has been prepared using the notes from the lecture by Veronique Garçon and Baris Salihoglu from LEGOS-CNRS, France, during 2006 Euro-Oceans summer school, modified from the original version by Corinne Le Quéré and Eric Saltzman, during 2005 SOLAS summer school. I wish to thank all those who have posted valuable information on the web and who make science accessible by teachers, students, and anybody.

Thank you very m uch for your attention!!!