The Physical and Chemical Nature Of Supercritical Fluids At - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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the physical and chemical nature of supercritical fluids
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The Physical and Chemical Nature Of Supercritical Fluids At - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 13, 2023 206 likes •845 views

The Physical and Chemical Nature Of Supercritical Fluids At Drillable Depths By Robert Fournier Critical point pure water Critical point 10 wt% NaCl 10 wt% NaCl in gas in equilibrium with brine Water 374C circulation 221 bars

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The Physical and Chemical Nature Of Supercritical Fluids At Drillable Depths

By

Robert Fournier

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Critical point pure water Critical point 10 wt% NaCl 10 wt% NaCl in gas in equilibrium with brine

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374°C 221 bars Water circulation Heat conduction Brittle Plastic domain Domain

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λ = fluid Pf /lithostatic Pr

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374°C 221 bars Water circulation Heat conduction Brittle Plastic domain

Self sealing Seismicity

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Quartz Solubility in Water Fournier (1982)

Two-phase field liquid plus steam

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Fournier & Potter (1982)

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For Steam-Gas Mixtures or Brines

Instead of the specific volume of pure water: Use the specific volume of the mixture times the weight fraction of water in the mixture

Calculation of Quartz Solubilities

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Quartz Solubility in Water Fournier (1982)

e

(or brines or gas)

Two-phase field liquid plus steam

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Shibue (1997)

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Critical pt. H2O Critical pt. 10 wt% NaCl Condensation pt curves Boiling pt curves

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Brines boil and become more concentrated with increasing temperature or decreasing pressure Salt dissolved in gas or “steam” becomes less concentrated (brine condenses) with increasing temperature or decreasing pressure

C = CP 10 wt% NaCl

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Gas + Solid Salt

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Fournier & Thompson (1993)

(Na+ + K+) Cl-

(Na+K) or (equivalents/Kg)

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NaCl + H2O = NaOH + HCl° 2NaCl + SiO2 + H2O = Na2Si2O5 + 2HCl° Na2Si2O5 is less soluble at higher temperatures

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++

_

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From Bischoff, Rosenbauer, & Fournier (1996)

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CaCl2 + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl°

With silica present that reacts with Ca(OH)2 , expect a greater yield of HCl°

CaCl2 + SiO2 + H2O = CaSiO3 + 2HCl°

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Generation of HCl During Alteration of Plagioclase to Alkali Feldspar and/or Epidote

2Anorthite + 2 Qtz +NaCl + H2O = Albite + Epidote + HCl° 2Anorthite + 2 Qtz +KCl + H2O = K-Feldspar + Epidote + HCl° 3Anorthite + 2 Qtz + 2CaCl2 + 2H2O = 2Epidote + 4HCl°

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Least Principal Stress is the Lithostatic Load

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374°C 221 bars Water circulation Heat conduction Brittle region Plastic region

500°C per km 125°C per km

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The Physical and Chemical Nature Of Supercritical Fluids At Drillable Depths

By

Robert Fournier

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Least Principal Stress is the Lithostatic Load

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