The Feasibility of Utilizing Vetiver ( Chrysopogon Zizaniodes ) as - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Feasibility of Utilizing Vetiver ( Chrysopogon Zizaniodes ) as - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Feasibility of Utilizing Vetiver ( Chrysopogon Zizaniodes ) as Silt Barriers for Sediment Control of Run Off from Open Pit Mines BAAY, DEXIE N. TAN, PATRICIA AINA LOUISE M. Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering

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The Feasibility of Utilizing Vetiver (Chrysopogon Zizaniodes) as Silt Barriers for Sediment Control of Run Off from Open Pit Mines

BAAY, DEXIE N. TAN, PATRICIA AINA LOUISE M.

Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering College of Engineering University of the Philippines-Diliman 7 May 2015

  • Baay. Tan., Philippines. 2015
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Photo from: http://geosphere.gsapubs.org/content/6/4/444/F13.large.jpg

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Photo from: Mines and Geosciences Bureau, Philippines

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Carrascal Nickel Corporation Carrascal, Surigao Del Sur

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  • Nickel Lateritic soils have very fine sediments (63microns)
  • Siltation in the run-off water is mitigated by employing

siltation ponds and silt traps.

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Carrascal Nickel Corporation Carrascal, Surigao Del Sur

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Rio Tuba Nickel Mining Corporation Bataraza, Palawan

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Why Vetiver?

The dense root system of the Vetiver grass has been used for soil erosion control, agriculture, and for waste and sewage treatment with significantly increasing research on its capability to absorb heavy metals and toxic wastes.

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Slope Stability

Vetiver used for slope stability along the embankment of LosBaños, Laguna in 2013.

Current Applications of Vetiver

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Kalibo- Caticlan erosion control and revegetation on cut slope

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Vetivers placed in pontoons used for minimizing algal bloom to regulate oxygen for fish and other aquatic life in a pond at Balog Creek, in Itogon, Benguet In 2013.

Pythoremediation

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Pythoremediation

Vetivers placed in pontoons used for cleaning the Pasig River and Ad campaign for Hana Shampoo by Vetiver Farms Philippines

Current Applications of Vetiver

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Objectives of the Study

  • To utilize Vetiver as silt barriers
  • To demonstrate the ability of vetiver to trap silt
  • To determine relationship of vetiver density and

efficiency in trapping silt

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Scope and Limitation

  • The study intends to show only the capacity of

the Vetiver Root System to trap and accumulate silt in recirculated water and quantify its effectivity.

  • Results and conclusions are only applicable

for heavily silted water.

  • Silt of Nickel Lateritic origin with size less

than 63 microns

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Methodology Plant Propagation Ore Sample Preparation Experiment Sampling Drying & Weighing

Analysis & Conclusion

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Methodology : Plant Propagation

Figure 1. Propagation of Vetiver Grass.

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Methodology : Plant Propagation Figure 2. Washing of Vetiver Root Bundles.

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Methodology : Plant Propagation

Figure 3. Propagated Vetiver Root Bundles

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Methodology: Particle Size Reduction

Figure 4. Particle size reduction by Ball Milling, and RoTap and sieving.

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Methodology: Set-up Design

Figure 5. Experimental Set-up without Vetiver System, without silt.

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Methodology: Experiment

Vetiver Density Amount of silt (g) 50 100 150 Vetiver Density Amount of silt (g) 1 row 100 2 rows 100 3 rows 100 Vetiver Density Amount of Silt (g) 4 rows 50 4 rows 100 4 rows 150

Table 1. System 1: No Vetiver System, Varying Silt Concentration Table 2. System 2: Varying Vetiver Density, Constant Silt Concentration Table 3. System 3: Varying Silt Concentration Constant Vetiver Density

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Methodology: Experiment

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Methodology Experiment

SYSTEM 1 No Vetiver, Varying Silt Concentration

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Methodology Experiment

SYSTEM 2: Constant Silt Concentration, Varying Number of Vetiver Rows

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Methodology Experiment

SYSTEM 3: Constant Number of Vetiver rows, Varying Silt Concentration

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Methodology: Sampling and monitoring

Figure 6. Samples collected from system 3

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Methodology

Filtering and Drying

Figure 7. Silt collected from the system is decanted and filtered Figure 8. Silt filtered from the system.

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Methodology

Root System

Figure 9. Vetiver Root System without silted water Figure 10. Vetiver Root System with silted water

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Data and Interpretation

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 Suspended Solids (g/L)

SYSTEM 1: NO VETIVER WITH VARYING SILT

50 grams 100 grams 150 grams

Time (hr)

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Data and Interpretation

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 1 2 3 Suspended Solids (g/L)

SYSTEM 2: VARRYING VETIVER CONSTANT SILT (100g)

1 row 2 rows 3 rows Time (hr)

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Data and Interpretation

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1 2 3 Suspended Solids (g/L)

SYSTEM 3: 4 ROWS OF VETIVER WITH VARYING SILT

50 grams 100 grams 150 grams Time (hr)

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Data and Interpretation

y = 9.967x + 42.618 R² = 0.9721 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Accumulated Silt (g) Number of Vetiver Rows

Relationship of Accumulated Silt and Number of Vetivers

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Silt (g)

  • No. of Rows

Mass (g)0 Mass (g)4 Percent Change (%) 50 0-4 16.78 25.86 54.11 100 0-4 40.56 80.32 98.03 150 0-4 59.06 104.28 76.57

Table 5: Percent Change from zero to four rows of Vetivers

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Conclusion

System 1 and 3 - The amount of total silt accumulated in the main reservoir relatively increased as compared to no Vetivers at all. System 2 – The amount of Vetiver rows introduced into the system is proportional to the amount of accumulated silt.

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Conclusion

Statistically significant differences were observed between the no vetiver system and the vetiver-present system

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Recommendation

The researchers recommend that a further and more comprehensive study be conducted involving:

  • More species of plants
  • Industrial silt barriers such as Geotextiles
  • Optimum time to allow saturation of silt barrier
  • Perform the experiment in the actual mine set-up
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Photo Credits

  • 1. Streambank Rehabilitation. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20,

2015, from http://calabarzon.denr.gov.ph/index.php/photo- releases/398-streambank-rehabilitation

  • 2. Philex Propagates Vetiver At Balog Creek | | Philexmining.

(n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://www.philexmining.com.ph/philex-propagates- vetiver-at-balog-creek

  • 3. The Billboard That Can Clean a Polluted River | Hana. (n.d.).

Retrieved December 12, 2014, from http://www.hana.com.ph/features/billboard-can-clean- polluted-river

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References

1. Clar, Michael. "Sedimentation Control: Implications Of EPA Effluent Limitation Guidelines On Current Design Practice." Preprint Number 77-F-376. SME, 1977. Print. 2. Coppin, Yoann. "Window of Vetiver Use for Water Quality Improvement at Antananarivo, Madagascar." Newletter Vetiver Netweork Madagascar (2008). The Vetiver Netweork International. Web. 3. Dalvi, A. D., W. G. Bacon, and R. C. Osborne. "The Past and the Future of Nickel Laterites." PDAC 2004 International Convention, Trade Show & Investors Exchange (2004). Web. <http://mayaniquel.pubco.net/i/pdf/Lateritic_Nickel.pdf>. 4. Darling, Peter. SME Mining Engineering Handbook. 3rd ed. Englewood, Colo.: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, 2011. Print. 5. Ferreira, Scott, and Chris Waygood. "A South African Case Study On Sediment Control Measures With The Use Of Silt Traps In The Coal Mining Industry." Abstracts of the International Mine Water Conference (2009). Document Transformation Technology Cc. Web. 6. Pan, Chengzhong, and Lan Ma. "Effectiveness of Grass Strips in Trapping Suspended Sediments from Runoff." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 35.9 (2010). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Web. 7. Roberty, L. "Plant Guide." Vetiver Network International. Web. <http://www.vetiver.org/USA-USDA- NRCS_Sunshine.pdf>. 8. Truong, Paul. "Vetiver Grass Technology for Mine Rehabilitation." Pacific Rim Vetiver Network Technical Bulletin 2 (1999). Http://www.vetiver.com/PRVN_mine-rehab_bul.pdf. The Vetiver Network International. Web. 9. Truong, Paul. "Vetiver System Applications Technical Reference Manual." (2007). Web. <http://www.betuco.be/coverfodder/Vetiver System -Technical reference manual 2007.pdf>. 10. Flores, Ramon, A. L.. “Philippines Nickel Laterite: Technical Aspects of Exploration, Production”. Web < http://rwg-tag.bravehost.com/Conferences/Tribute/Flores.pdf>

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MINERCON International Inc. Mining, Minerals, Metals Energy and Environment

Sponsors

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Special Thanks

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