the Curriculum Joseph Nkandu Executive Director NUCAFE P.O.BOX - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Vertical and Horizontal Integration of the Curriculum Joseph Nkandu Executive Director NUCAFE P.O.BOX 34967, Kampala Uganda +256772595030 joseph.nkandu@nucafe.org Sheraton Hotel, Kampala July 19 2016

Presentation outline • Definition of Vertical and Horizontal curriculum (VHIC). • What macro-policies/plans are supposed to drive the curriculum or vice versa? • Relevance of the Curriculum to new Trends; Figures and Facts. • Analysis of changing skills set in Value Chains. • Work done so far by NUCAFE, CURAD, Makerere University & NARO. • The evolving Generations X,Y, Z vis-à-vis the required curriculum • Conclusion and Recommendations.

What is a VHIC? • VHIC is a balanced curriculum that is relevant to own situation. • It is a curriculum that covers all areas of the Standard Course of Study for a particular geographical area where there is either a comparative or competitive advantage or both. (Source: North Carolina General Assembly and the State Board of Education, 2003).

Macro-Policies and Plans • “ A Transformed Ugandan Society from a Peasant to a Modern and Prosperous Country within 30 years”. Reach a per capita income of USD 9,500 by 2040

National Development Plan (NDPII) 2015/2016-2019/2020 • Growth rate of 6.3% per year. • Per capita income of US$ 1,039 by 2020. Source: World Bank

Strategic Direction of NDPII • Attain middle income status by 2020 . • Sustainable wealth creation. • Employment and inclusive growth. (i) increasing sustainable production, productivity and value addition; (iii ) enhancing human capital development; and (iv ) strengthening mechanisms for quality, effective and efficient service delivery.

NDPII • Emphasizes commercialization of agriculture to increase production and productivity along the value chains . • It emphasizes agro-processing and marketing as a launch path to industrialization . • Investment in value addition to agricultural products can expand the GDP size, while improving the Country’s Balance of Payments Position (BOP).

NDPII • Agric employs about 72% of the total labour force (formal and informal), 77% of whom are women, and 63% are youth, mostly residing in the rural areas. • Farming is still dominated by smallholder farmers engaged in food and cash crops , horticulture, fishing and livestock farming. • Delivery of agricultural services.

NDPII • The Agric sector accounted for 25.3% in 2012/13 of the country’s GDP from 24.7% in 2010/11. • The proportion of the labour force that is self-employed rose from 70.9% in 2009/10 to 81.5% in 2012/13 . • The proportion of the labour force in paid employment fell from 21.5% in 2009/10 to 18.5% in 2012/13 . • There is a projected job gap of 13 million people between the formal labour market size and the total employable labour force.

NDPII Expected Results NDPII Expected Results 2015 2020 (i) Increasing per capita income (US$) 788 1,039 (ii) Reducing the poverty rate (%) 19.70 14.20 (iii) Reducing inequality co-efficient 0.452 0.443 (v) Increasing manufactured exports as a percentage of total exports (%) 5.8 19

Trends of Economic Growth by sector Source: UBOS, 2013

Composition of Imports Source: Bank of Uganda

Composition of Exports Source: Bank of Uganda

Private Sector Credit Growth, 2010/11 – 2012/13 Data Source: Bank of Uganda, 2013

Relevance of the Curriculum to new Trends; Figures and Facts.

Africa’s Urbanization

Trend of $2 Working Poverty 1980-2015, Trend of $2 Working Poverty 1980-2015, Trend of $2 Working Poverty 1980-2015, Latin Middle East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa America and the Caribbean $2 Working Share of $2 Total $2 Working Share of $2 Total Poor ILO Working poor Employ Poor ILO Share of $2 Total $2 Working in Working poor YEA Employme Estimate in ment Estimate Working poor Employm Poor ILO Estimate in R nt ('000s) ('000s) Employment YEAR ('000s) ('000s) Employment. YEAR ent ('000s) ('000s) Employment. 1980 129108 110405 85.5% 1980 55846 22496 40.3% 1980 114690 47297 41.2% 1990 169021 150531 89.1% 1990 74328 25193 33.9% 1990 158404 62285 39.3% 1995 194867 173836 89.2% 1995 86310 28159 32.6% 1995 187131 60968 32.6% 1996 201166 179390 89.2% 1996 90373 29230 32.3% 1996 189185 60402 31.9% 1997 206600 184005 89.1% 1997 93359 30379 32.5% 1997 196366 64889 33.0% 1998 212646 188916 88.8% 1998 96520 31293 32.4% 1998 200276 65611 32.8% 1999 218748 194171 88.8% 1999 101156 32657 32.3% 1999 204186 66778 32.7% 2000 224295 199447 88.9% 2000 103460 33026 31.9% 2000 207513 68617 33.1% 2001 230657 204574 88.7% 2001 106916 33360 31.2% 2001 212468 69791 32.8% 2002 216228 72458 33.5% 2002 236178 209834 88.8% 2002 109906 33778 30.7% 2003 223020 73723 33.1% 2003 112994 34300 30.4% 2003 241938 215443 89.0% 2004 229317 73991 32.3% 2004 249061 220985 88.7% 2004 116520 34981 30.0% 2005 233287 74453 31.9% 2005 120045 35561 29.6% 2005 254460 225495 88.6% 2015 275811 79549 28.8% 2015 155361 38632 24.9% 2015 328335 287597 87.6% Source: ILO

Trend in Ugandan Population Growth

Ugandan population is the youngest in Africa • 78% of Ugandan population (27 million) is below 30 years. • 64% of those are unemployed (17 million) between 18-30 years. Projected population of 61.3 million in 2040

Total Fertility Rates of some Eastern and Southern Africa Countries Source: UBOS

Climate change is real

Climate change is indeed real

Uganda Most entrepreneurial country in the world 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% 1. Uganda 2. Thailand 3. Brazil 4. Cameroon 5. Vietnam 6. Angola 7. Jamaica 8. Botswana 9. Chile 10. Philippines Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2015

Easy of doing business - Environment 150 Source: World Bank 2015

• Analysis of changing skills set in Value Chains

Agri-food Value Chain dynamics Growth multiple:* 2050 value/2010 value Consumption Distribution Processing 6 X Marketing Farming 3 X Source: (http://www.mafs-africa.org/)

Skill requirements: past 40 years Consumption Public sector Private sector Distribution Packaging Processing Farming

Skills requirements: next 40 years Consumption Public sector Private sector Distribution Packaging Processing Farming

Who keeps doing the same thing over and over, expecting a different result? (Einstein’s definition of insanity)

Is it time for VHIC to address the ever Changing Skills Requirements?

How interconnected is our curricula?

Tracer studies

How integrated is our curriculum in the Academic Value Chain?

Consumer How integrated practically? Roast and ground Roasted beans Current Graded AA coffee ……………………………………………………………............................................. F.A.Q ……………………………………………………………............................................. (ungraded) ……………………………………………………………............................................ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Low margins Low margins ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Farming Farming (with no value addition) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Consumer 1 cup =US$ 2.00 New Context: Changing skills 1 (80 cups =US$ 160.00) Value alue Cha hain in Ana nalys ysis is, , In Inte tegration tion & & Div iver ersi sifica fication tion Roast and ground 1kg= US$ 30.00 1 cup=$ 0.63 Roasted beans 1kg =US$ 10.00 1kg= US$ 8.00 Graded AA coffee 1kg =US$ 2.00 1kg= US$ 4.00 F.A.Q (ungraded) 1kg = US$ 1.00 1kg= US$ 0.15 Kiboko 1kg = US$ 0.60 1kg= US$ 0.10 Red cherries 1kg =US$ 0.40 1kg= US$ 0.50 Green Berries 1kg = US$ 0.17 1kg= US$ 0.35 Coffee flowers Source: Joseph Nkandu 1 tree = US$ 0.11 1kg= US$ 0.20 Source: Joseph Nkandu 1 tree= US$ 0.15

Changing skills 2: marketing

Changing skills 3: food processing

Changing skills 4: packaging and branding

Changing skills 4: food safety, nutrition, regulation

Work done so far by NUCAFE, CURAD, Makerere University & NARO.