Thanks to the Susan Harwood Program Grant Susan Harwood Program - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Thanks to the Susan Harwood Program Grant

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Excavation Safety

Com petent Person Training Program Part 1

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

OSHA Standard 2 9 CFR 1 9 2 6 .6 5 0 -6 5 2 Subpart P

OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which is an agency within the Federal Department of Labor. They are charged with promulgating and enforcing workplace safety regulations, which are found in Title 29

• f the Code of Federal Regulations, which is the

Labor title. Part 1926 contains the regulations for the Construction Industry. Sections 650-652 contain the Excavation regulations, which are also known as Subpart P .

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

OSHA Standard 2 9 CFR 1 9 2 6 .6 5 0 -6 5 2 Subpart P

OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which is an agency within the Federal Department of Labor. They are charged with promulgating and enforcing workplace safety regulations, which are found in Title 29

• f the Code of Federal Regulations, which is the

Labor title. Part 1926 contains the regulations for the Construction Industry. Sections 650-652 contain the Excavation regulations, which are also known as Subpart P .

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

OSHA Standard 2 9 CFR 1 9 2 6 .6 5 0 -6 5 2 Subpart P

OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which is an agency within the Federal Department of Labor. They are charged with promulgating and enforcing workplace safety regulations, which are found in Title 29

• f the Code of Federal Regulations, which is the

Labor title. Part 1926 contains the regulations for the Construction Industry. Sections 650-652 contain the Excavation regulations, which are also known as Subpart P .

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

OSHA Standard 2 9 CFR 1 9 2 6 .6 5 0 -6 5 2 Subpart P

OSHA is the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which is an agency within the Federal Department of Labor. They are charged with promulgating and enforcing workplace safety regulations, which are found in Title 29

• f the Code of Federal Regulations, which is the

Labor title. Part 1926 contains the regulations for the Construction Industry. Sections 650-652 contain the Excavation regulations, which are also known as Subpart P .

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Trench Excavation

A narrow excavation (in relation to its length). In general the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench (measured at its bottom) is not greater than 15 feet.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

General Requirem ent for Protection

Each employee in an excavation five feet deep or deeper shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system, unless the excavation is made entirely in stable rock.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Under 5 Feet

Under 5 feet, the requirement for a protective system is a judgment call for the “Competent Person.”

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Com petent Person

Means “…

• ne who is capable of identifying

existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to the employees and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.”

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Training Requirem ents for the Com petent Person

In the preamble to the Standard, OSHA says that, “… for the purposes of this standard, one must have had specific training in and be knowledgeable about soils analysis, the use

• f protective systems, and the requirements
• f the standard. One who does not have such

training or knowledge cannot possibly be capable of recognizing existing and predictable hazards in excavation work or taking prompt corrective measures.”

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Training Requirem ents for the Com petent Person

In the preamble to the Standard, OSHA says that, “… for the purposes of this standard, one must have had specific training in and be knowledgeable about soils analysis, the use

• f protective systems, and the requirements
• f the standard. One who does not have such

training or knowledge cannot possibly be capable of recognizing existing and predictable hazards in excavation work or taking prompt corrective measures.”

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person

• Conduct tests for soil classification.
• Understand standards and any data

provided.

• Determine proper protective system.
• Recognize and reclassify soil after changes

in conditions.

• Determine whether damage to excavation

safety equipment renders it unusable.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person

• Conduct tests for soil classification.
• Understand standards and any data

provided.

• Determine proper protective system.
• Recognize and reclassify soil after changes

in conditions.

• Determine whether damage to excavation

safety equipment renders it unusable.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person

• Conduct tests for soil classification.
• Understand standards and any data

provided.

• Determine proper protective system.
• Recognize and reclassify soil after changes

in conditions.

• Determine whether damage to excavation

safety equipment renders it unusable.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person

• Conduct tests for soil classification.
• Understand standards and any data

provided.

• Determine proper protective system.
• Recognize and reclassify soil after changes

in conditions.

• Determine whether damage to excavation

safety equipment renders it unusable.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person

• Conduct tests for soil classification.
• Understand standards and any data

provided.

• Determine proper protective system.
• Recognize and reclassify soil after changes

in conditions.

• Determine whether damage to excavation

safety equipment renders it unusable.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person ( cont.)

• Design of structural ramps.
• Location of underground installations/ utilities.
• Monitor water removal equipment and
• peration.
• Perform daily inspections.
• Determine the necessity for a protective

system if less than 5 feet deep.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person ( cont.)

• Design of structural ramps.
• Location of underground installations/ utilities.
• Monitor water removal equipment and
• peration.
• Perform daily inspections.
• Determine the necessity for a protective

system if less than 5 feet deep.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person ( cont.)

• Design of structural ramps.
• Location of underground installations/ utilities.
• Monitor water removal equipment and
• peration.
• Perform daily inspections.
• Determine the necessity for a protective

system if less than 5 feet deep.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person ( cont.)

• Design of structural ramps.
• Location of underground installations/ utilities.
• Monitor water removal equipment and
• peration.
• Perform daily inspections.
• Determine the necessity for a protective

system if less than 5 feet deep.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Specific Responsibilities of the Com petent Person ( cont.)

• Design of structural ramps.
• Location of underground installations/ utilities.
• Monitor water removal equipment and
• peration.
• Perform daily inspections.
• Determine the necessity for a protective

system if less than 5 feet deep.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

General Responsibility of the Com petent Person

It is the general responsibility of the Competent Person to insure that all aspects

• f the excavation process are in compliance

with the excavation standard and the General Duty Clause of the OSHA Act (5a1.), which requires the employer to provide a safe, healthy workplace, free of known or recognizable hazards.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Options of the Com petent Person

1 . Use the OSHA Standard for guidance w ith:

• Sloping
• Shoring with timber or aluminum hydraulic shoring
• Shielding

2 . Use a Registered Professional Engineer to provide:

• Tabulated data
• Manufacturers tabulated data
• A site specific design*

(* must be registered in the state where the work is being done.)

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Options of the Com petent Person

1 . Use the OSHA Standard for guidance w ith:

• Sloping
• Shoring with timber or aluminum hydraulic shoring
• Shielding

2 . Use a Registered Professional Engineer to provide:

• Tabulated data
• Manufacturers tabulated data
• A site specific design*

(* must be registered in the state where the work is being done.)

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Registered Professional Engineers m ust be used if:

• The excavation is deeper than 20 feet.
• An “alternate system” (such as sheet piling)

that the Standard does not provide guidance for is used.

• If the excavator is at “variance” with the

Standard (i.e. doing less than the Standard requires).

Note: OSHA expects that the engineer will be registered in a related area such as a civil, mechanical, geotechnical, or architectural engineer.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Registered Professional Engineers m ust be used if:

• The excavation is deeper than 20 feet.
• An “alternate system” (such as sheet piling)

that the Standard does not provide guidance for is used.

• If the excavator is at “variance” with the

Standard (i.e. doing less than the Standard requires).

Note: OSHA expects that the engineer will be registered in a related area such as a civil, mechanical, geotechnical, or architectural engineer.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Registered Professional Engineers m ust be used if:

• The excavation is deeper than 20 feet.
• An “alternate system” (such as sheet piling)

that the Standard does not provide guidance for is used.

• If the excavator is at “variance” with the

Standard (i.e. doing less than the Standard requires).

Note: OSHA expects that the engineer will be registered in a related area such as a civil, mechanical, geotechnical, or architectural engineer.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Registered Professional Engineers m ust be used if:

• The excavation is deeper than 20 feet.
• An “alternate system” (such as sheet piling)

that the Standard does not provide guidance for is used.

• If the excavator is at “variance” with the

Standard (i.e. doing less than the Standard requires).

Note: OSHA expects that the engineer will be registered in a related area such as a civil, mechanical, geotechnical, or architectural engineer.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

I t is a Show Me I n W riting Standard

Excavation protection solutions must either come from the OSHA Standard

• r a Registered Professional Engineer.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Stable Rock Means

Natural solid mineral matter that can be excavated with vertical sides and remain intact while exposed.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

“Fallout” Effect of Fractured Rock

Fracture planes m ay cause rocks to slide into excavation…

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 ton per square foot (TSF) (144kPa) or greater.

Type A Soil

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Cohesion

Friction Liquid Bonding Cementation Chemical Bonding

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Exam ples of Cohesive Soils are:

• Clay
• Silty Clay
• Sandy Clay
• Clay Loam
• Silty Clay Loam (in some cases)
• Sandy Clay Loam (in some cases)

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Cohesive = Clay

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Unconfined Com pressive Strength

C B A

.5 1.5 T.S.F .

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Cem ented Soils Such as Caliche and Hard Pan are also Considered Type A

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

How ever, No Soil is Type A if:

• 1. The soil is fissured.
• 2. The soil is subject to vibration from

heavy traffic, pile driving, or similar effects.

• 3. The soil has been previously disturbed.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

How ever, No Soil is Type A if:

• 1. The soil is fissured.
• 2. The soil is subject to vibration from

heavy traffic, pile driving, or similar effects.

• 3. The soil has been previously disturbed.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

How ever, No Soil is Type A if:

• 1. The soil is fissured.
• 2. The soil is subject to vibration from

heavy traffic, pile driving, or similar effects.

• 3. The soil has been previously disturbed.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

4 ’ 1 ’

• 4. No soil is Type A if the soil is part of a sloped, layered

system when the layers dip into the excavation on a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V) or greater.

Type A (cont.)

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Type A (cont.)

• 5. No soil is Type A if the soil is subject

to other (unspecified) factors that would require it to be classified as a less stable material.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Type B Soil

• 1. Cohesive soil with an unconfined

compressive strength greater than .5 TSF , but less than 1.5 TSF .

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Type B (cont.)

• 2. Granular cohesionless soils including

angular gravel, . . .

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

. . . silt, silt loam, sandy loam, and in some cases, silty and sandy clay loam.

Type B (# 2 cont.)

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Editorial Note: While OSHA provides this single definition for a Type B granular soil, we suggest that the competent person treat all granular soil as Type C.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Type B (cont.)

• 3. Previously disturbed soils except those that would

be classified as Type C soil.

• 4. Soil that meets the unconfined compressive

strength or cementation requirements of Type A, but is fissured or subject to vibration.

• 5. Dry rock that is not stable.
• 6. Material that is part of a sloped, layered system

where the layers dip into the excavation on a slope less steep than four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V), but only if the material would

• therwise be classified as Type B.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Type B (cont.)

• 3. Previously disturbed soils except those that would

be classified as Type C soil.

• 4. Soil that meets the unconfined compressive

strength or cementation requirements of Type A, but is fissured or subject to vibration.

• 5. Dry rock that is not stable.
• 6. Material that is part of a sloped, layered system

where the layers dip into the excavation on a slope less steep than four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V), but only if the material would

• therwise be classified as Type B.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Type B (cont.)

• 3. Previously disturbed soils except those that would

be classified as Type C soil.

• 4. Soil that meets the unconfined compressive

strength or cementation requirements of Type A, but is fissured or subject to vibration.

• 5. Dry rock that is not stable.
• 6. Material that is part of a sloped, layered system

where the layers dip into the excavation on a slope less steep than four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V), but only if the material would

• therwise be classified as Type B.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

Type B (cont.)

• 3. Previously disturbed soils except those that would

be classified as Type C soil.

• 4. Soil that meets the unconfined compressive

strength or cementation requirements of Type A, but is fissured or subject to vibration.

• 5. Dry rock that is not stable.
• 6. Material that is part of a sloped, layered system

where the layers dip into the excavation on a slope less steep than four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V), but only if the material would

• therwise be classified as Type B.

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

• 1. Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive

strength of .5 TSF (48kPa) or less.

• 2. Granular soils including gravel, sand, and loamy

sand.

• 3. Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely

seeping.

• 4. Submerged rock that is not stable.
• 5. Material in a sloped, layered system where the

layers dip into the excavation on a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V) or steeper.

Type C Soil

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

• 1. Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive

strength of .5 TSF (48kPa) or less.

• 2. Granular soils including gravel, sand, and loamy

sand.

• 3. Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely

seeping.

• 4. Submerged rock that is not stable.
• 5. Material in a sloped, layered system where the

layers dip into the excavation on a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V) or steeper.

Type C Soil

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

• 1. Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive

strength of .5 TSF (48kPa) or less.

• 2. Granular soils including gravel, sand, and loamy

sand.

• 3. Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely

seeping.

• 4. Submerged rock that is not stable.
• 5. Material in a sloped, layered system where the

layers dip into the excavation on a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V) or steeper.

Type C Soil

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

• 1. Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive

strength of .5 TSF (48kPa) or less.

• 2. Granular soils including gravel, sand, and loamy

sand.

• 3. Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely

seeping.

• 4. Submerged rock that is not stable.
• 5. Material in a sloped, layered system where the

layers dip into the excavation on a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V) or steeper.

Type C Soil

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

• 1. Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive

strength of .5 TSF (48kPa) or less.

• 2. Granular soils including gravel, sand, and loamy

sand.

• 3. Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely

seeping.

• 4. Submerged rock that is not stable.
• 5. Material in a sloped, layered system where the

layers dip into the excavation on a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H: 1V) or steeper.

Type C Soil

Susan Harwood Program Grant – The University of T exas at Arlington

This material was produced under Susan Harwood Program grant number HT-16580-07-60-F-48 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or

• rganizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.