Testing & Validation USE OF CREW AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES TO - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 8/22/2018

USE OF CREW AUGMENTATION TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE COMBAT CREW SIZE

Erik Anderson Jeremiah Bryant Victor Paul Alexander Reid, Ph.D. Jason Schrader

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 8/22/2018

Introduction: Why?

• The Army’s efforts toward the study and feasibility of

reduced crew size operations stretches back several decades

• Individual & crew task load and their effects on combat
• perations is the leading concern
• Maturing technologies can augment crewmembers in

performing traditional crew functions more efficiently

• Reduced vehicle crews, augmented by technologies,

would have wide ranging positive implications to DOTMLPF

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

Previous Studies

Army Research Laboratory (ARL)

• In support of Future Combat

Systems (FCS)

• Utilized IMPRINT model
• Focus: actual vs perceived

cognitive load on crew

• Conclusion: without crew

augmentation technologies the crew member performing two sets of tasks (separate and distinct) quickly became

• verloaded.

Maneuver Battle LAB (MBL)

• In support of the Future Fighting

Vehicle (FFV) Phase IIIB Experiment

• Utilized Close Combat Tactical Trainer

(CCTT) simulator designed to replicate a three crewmember M2A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle (BFV) to fight virtual tactical scenarios

• Conclusion: physical design of Bradley

IFV does not support reduce crew, created both physical and functional challenges in crew operations

8/22/2018 DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited.

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 8/22/2018

Previous Studies Driver Station Commander & Gunner Stations (“Basket”) * Due to design, 2 Person Crew operations not feasible on current IFV platform. Physical redesign and augmenting technologies needed to develop concept.

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

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MET-D Concept Modified Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV)

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

Design Process

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Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

Mission Engineering

Mission:

Serve S&T Projects and PM Partners by: Providing requirements engineering expertise in processes, tools, and language to help them achieve clearly understood, contractually sound requirements for improved systems development and project / program execution. Applying Army institutional and operational knowledge to drive the requirements for technologies that best address gaps in capabilities of the Army now and in the future.

Products/Services:

• Operational Analyses; DOTMLPF-P Impact

Assessments

• CONOPS Generation and Decomposition
• OV-1 Generation
• User Jury coordination and support
• Combat Scenario Development for LVC Simulation
• Interface with User Community (MCOE, other COEs)

8/22/2018

• Performance Specifications
• Requirements Analyses
• Functional Decomposition
• Requirements Engineering Training
• Standardized Templates and Processes
• Common Ground Vehicle Functional Hierarchy
• Demonstration planning and support

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Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

Mission Engineering

8/22/2018

Functional Decomposition/Task Analysis

Initial analysis derived from current Army doctrinal individual/crew/collective tasks which were based on the Bradley platform in the form of Task & Evaluation Outlines (T&EO) from a Mission Essential Tasks List (METL)

Excerpt from MET-D Bradley Crew Operation Doctrinal Task Analysis Fully Decomposed Crew functions: Shoot, Move, Communicate, Command and Control. User Juries – User feedback

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Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 8/22/2018

Scenario Development

Mission Engineering Doctrinal Study VBS3 Gaming Scenario Integration in SIL Missions Selected: Movement to Contact, Deliberate Attack, Hasty Defense Develop virtual scenarios based on Army doctrine for the user community that align with unit’s Mission Essential Task List (METL)

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

Crew Augmentation & Design

8/22/2018

CREW AUGMENTATION

Design for Human Factors & Usability

• Evaluate Usability Heuristics
• Human Engineering Design Criteria

Reduce Operator Task Load

• Eliminate or Automate Tasks
• Reduce Task Burden
• Increase Task Resources
• Facilitate Transitions Between Tasks

Enhance Operator Situational Awareness

• Enhance Perception
• Enhance Comprehension
• Project the Future State

Manage Operator Qualifications Manage Operator Experience & Training

Manage System Factors Manage User Factors

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Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

Manage Crew Augmentation Factors

• Acknowledge that increased

performance can be achieved thru User factors

– Increased required cognitive qualifications – Additional training/experience

• Focused on System Factors

– Design for Human Factors and Usability – Reduce Operator Task Load – Enhance Operator Situational Awareness

8/22/2018

CREW AUGMENTATION

Design for Human Factors & Usability

• Evaluate Usability Heuristics
• Human Engineering Design Criteria

Reduce Operator Task Load

• Eliminate or Automate Tasks
• Reduce Task Burden
• Increase Task Resources
• Facilitate Transitions Between Tasks

Enhance Operator Situational Awareness

• Enhance Perception
• Enhance Comprehension
• Project the Future State

Manage Operator Qualifications Manage Operator Experience & Training

Manage System Factors Manage User Factors

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Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

Manage System Factors

• Design for Human Factors and Usability

– Crew Station designed with Human Engineering Design Criteria (where possible) – WMI utilized Nielsen’s Usability Heuristics

• Reduce Operator Task Load

– Eliminate or automate tasks – Reduce task burden – Increase task resources – Facilitate transitions between tasks

• Enhance Operator Situational

Awareness

– Enhance perception – Enhance comprehension – Enhance projection

8/22/2018 DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited.

CREW AUGMENTATION

Design for Human Factors & Usability

• Evaluate Usability Heuristics
• Human Engineering Design Criteria

Reduce Operator Task Load

• Eliminate or Automate Tasks
• Reduce Task Burden
• Increase Task Resources
• Facilitate Transitions Between Tasks

Enhance Operator Situational Awareness

• Enhance Perception
• Enhance Comprehension
• Project the Future State

Manage Operator Qualifications Manage Operator Experience & Training

Manage System Factors Manage User Factors

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

Development & Testing

• Include soldiers in the design

process as early as possible

• Developed Crew Station Mockup

and Vehicle Simulation

– Static representation of MET-D Crew Station Layout

• Representative displays/controls
• Simulated Environment
• 8 weeks of Soldier Juries from

Aug 2016 – Aug 2017

– Ft. Benning, Ft. Bliss, Israel Ministry

• f Defense
• Crucial Soldier Input

– Design of control handle – Design of Warfighter-Machine Interface

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Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

MET-D Field Experiment

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• 30 day experiment at Ft. Stewart, GA
• Evaluate reduced crew concept
• Evaluate split squad technologies
• Shape requirements for future programs
• Will compare traditional 3 person crew,

modified 3 person crew and 2 person crew activities

• Experiment activities include
• tactical driving
• gunnery tables
• situational training exercises (STX)
• section, squad level and a full platoon

level.

• Will collect a plethora of data
• Performance metrics
• Survey data
• After action reviews (AARs)

Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

• Increasing vehicle weight restrictions, transport

limitations and force structure requirements are causing the Army to re-evaluate the way we fight with combat systems. TARDEC’s is teaming with the Army Research Lab to:

• Increase crew operational performance within a

smaller crew volume (transportability)

• Enable closed hatch operations (survivability)
• Optimize management of information, systems

and interactions.

• Employ:
• Augmentation and automation of tasks
• Personalization of interfaces (timely

information personalized to user)

• Use of multi-modalities (tactile, auditory,

etc.),

• Will be verified by soldier simulations and field

experimentation/assessments

Future Crew Station Development

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Modeling & Simulation, Testing & Validation

DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 8/22/2018

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