Techniques Temporal Data Benjamin Bach http://benjbach.me - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Techniques Temporal Data Benjamin Bach http://benjbach.me - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Techniques Temporal Data Benjamin Bach http://benjbach.me University of Edinburgh 2020 Events Trajectories Calendar Time series Tasks Min, max values, specific values Trends and outliers Change and rate of change

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Techniques Temporal Data

Benjamin Bach http://benjbach.me University of Edinburgh 2020

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Calendar Events Trajectories Time series

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Tasks

  • Min, max values, specific

values

  • Trends and outliers
  • Change and rate of

change

  • Sequence
  • Dynamicity / variation
  • Noise vs. signal
  • Check for specific events

that may influence the data

  • Correlate and compare

time series

  • Space + time
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Time is complex

  • Directed
  • Cyclic
  • Quantities
  • Scales
  • Parellity
  • Granules: weeks,

months

https://waitbutwhy.com/2014/05/life-weeks.html

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Outline

  • Event data
  • Time serie
  • Many time series
  • Multidimensional temporal data
  • Space-time cubes
  • Time curves
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Events and durations

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Trend chart

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Time series

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Complexity

https://www.writerscafe.org/writing/TheoLueck/1416170/

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Dual-Scale Data Charts

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=6065014

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Calendar data

https://www.perceptualedge.com/articles/guests/intro_to_cycle_plots.pdf

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Cycle plots: by month

https://www.perceptualedge.com/articles/guests/intro_to_cycle_plots.pdf

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Cycle plots: by week day

https://www.perceptualedge.com/articles/guests/intro_to_cycle_plots.pdf

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Radial time visualizations

  • Show cyclical data / values
  • Outer layers getting longer!
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Heatmap

  • Calendar data +

numerical values + Row and column effects + Easy look up + Space efficient

  • Precise value

comparison hard

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Calendars

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Comparing multiple timelines?

https://www.writerscafe.org/writing/TheoLueck/1416170/

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Horizon graphs

Heer, Jeffrey, Nicholas Kong, and Maneesh Agrawala. "Sizing the horizon: the effects of chart size and layering on the graphical perception of time series visualizations." Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 2009.

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Horizon Graphs

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More Complex Data

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Beveridge Curve: William Beveridge, econ.

https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2013/06/12/how-to-best-graph-t he-beveridge-curve-relating-the-vacancy-rate-in-jobs-to-the-unemploy ment-rate/

Inefficient labour market

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Beveridge Curve

https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2013/06/12/how-to-best-graph-t he-beveridge-curve-relating-the-vacancy-rate-in-jobs-to-the-unemploy ment-rate/

Recessions!

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Connected Scatterplot

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Connected Scatterplots: encoding time

Moritz Stefaner: http://truth-and-beauty.net/projects/remixing-rosling/

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Time vs. Time: Story Curves

Kim, Nam Wook, et al. "Visualizing nonlinear narratives with story curves." IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 24.1 (2017): 595-604.

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Time Curves Creation

Bach, Benjamin, et al. "Time curves: Folding time to visualize patterns of temporal evolution in data." IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 22.1 (2015): 559-568.

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Time Curves

Bach, Benjamin, et al. "Time curves: Folding time to visualize patterns of temporal evolution in data." IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 22.1 (2016).

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Time Curves: Climate

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Time Curves: Visual Patterns

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Time Curves

+ Amount of change + Signatures + Comparison

  • Details
  • Artifacts due to

projection

  • Non-trivial
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Trajectories

Charles Joseph Minard (1781-1870)

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Space-Time Cubes

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Space Time Cubes

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Space-Time Cubes

Kraak, Menno-Jan. "The space-time cube revisited from a geovisualization perspective." Proc. 21st International Cartographic

  • Conference. Citeseer, 2003.

Ilägcrstrand, Torsten. "What about people in regional science?." Papers

  • f the Regional Science Association. Vol. 24. 1970.
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Space-Time Cubes

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Space time cubes everywhere!

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A word on 3D visualization

  • Causes occlusion
  • Perspective distortion
  • Interaction required
  • Orientation might be tricky
  • Use 3D as interaction

affordances

  • Use 3D as thinking tools and

metaphors

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Interactive Exploration

Cutting plane Mouse access "Poke"-access Cutting plane Transparency + bending Opening

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Interactive Exploration

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Operations

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Eadward Muybridge: Chrono photography

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Small Multiples

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Flow Diagram Small Multiples

Joseph Minard

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Small Multiples

Thudt, Alice, Dominikus Baur, and Sheelagh Carpendale. "Visits: A Spatiotemporal Visualization of Location Histories." EuroVis (Short Papers). 2013.

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Coloring+ Flattening

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Cross-cutting

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"Drilling"

+ Compare regions + Look-up regions + Details on regions

  • Occlusion
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https://vita.had.c

  • .nz/papers/gly

ph-maps.pdf

Drilling: Glyph Maps

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Drilling: Geo-flow

+ Compare regions + Look-up regions + Details on regions

  • Compare far away glyphs
  • Glyphs can become small
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3D Renderings: density maps

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3D + drilling

https://gis.stackexchange.com/ques tions/202882/create-space-time-cu be-in-arcgis-for-desktop

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Trajectory Wall

Andrienko, G., Andrienko, N., Schumann, H., & Tominski, C. (2014). Visualization of trajectory attributes in space–time cube and trajectory wall. In Cartography from Pole to Pole (pp. 157-163). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

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More operations

Bach, Benjamin, et al. "A descriptive framework for temporal data visualizations based on generalized space‐time cubes." Computer Graphics Forum. Vol. 36. No. 6. 2017.

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Khronos Proector

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZN2ICTRWBU

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Further Reading

  • Alberto Cairo: The Truthful Art: Chapter

8: Revealing Change

  • Aigner, Wolfgang, et al. Visualization of

time-oriented data. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011.

  • Bach, Benjamin, et al. "A descriptive

framework for temporal data visualizations based on generalized space‐time cubes." Computer Graphics

  • Forum. Vol. 36. No. 6. 2017.
  • Rosenberg, Daniel, and Anthony Grafton.

Cartographies of time: A history of the

  • timeline. Princeton Architectural Press,

2013.