t Prr - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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t Prr - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 09, 2022 476 likes •1.18k views

t Prr tt st rtt

SLIDE 1

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ Pr♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣

◗✉✐❝❦❈❤❡❝❦✿ ❆✉t♦♠❛t❡❞ ❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❚❡st✐♥❣ ❏❡✈❣❡♥✐ ❑❛❜❛♥♦✈

❉❡♣❛rt♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❈♦♠♣✉t❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❚❛rt✉

SLIDE 2

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❚❡st✐♥❣

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐s ✈❡r② ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ■♥ ❏❯♥✐t ❛♥❞ ❛❧✐❦❡ ✇❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t t❡st ❝❛s❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣r❡❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t✲r❡s✉❧t ♣❛✐rs ■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❍❯♥✐t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞♦❡s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❞♦ ❜❡tt❡r ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♣✉r❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ t❡st t❤❡♠ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡s ❛r❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ tr② ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❞❛t❛ s❛♠♣❧❡s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ t❡st✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②s s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❢♦r♠❛❧ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♥❡❛r❧② ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♣❛✐♥✦

SLIDE 3

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❚❡st✐♥❣

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐s ✈❡r② ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ■♥ ❏❯♥✐t ❛♥❞ ❛❧✐❦❡ ✇❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t t❡st ❝❛s❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣r❡❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t✲r❡s✉❧t ♣❛✐rs ■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❍❯♥✐t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞♦❡s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❞♦ ❜❡tt❡r ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♣✉r❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ t❡st t❤❡♠ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡s ❛r❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ tr② ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❞❛t❛ s❛♠♣❧❡s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ t❡st✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②s s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❢♦r♠❛❧ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♥❡❛r❧② ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♣❛✐♥✦

SLIDE 4

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❚❡st✐♥❣

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐s ✈❡r② ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ■♥ ❏❯♥✐t ❛♥❞ ❛❧✐❦❡ ✇❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t t❡st ❝❛s❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣r❡❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t✲r❡s✉❧t ♣❛✐rs ■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❍❯♥✐t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞♦❡s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❞♦ ❜❡tt❡r ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♣✉r❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ t❡st t❤❡♠ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡s ❛r❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ tr② ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❞❛t❛ s❛♠♣❧❡s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ t❡st✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②s s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❢♦r♠❛❧ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♥❡❛r❧② ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♣❛✐♥✦

SLIDE 5

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❚❡st✐♥❣

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐s ✈❡r② ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ■♥ ❏❯♥✐t ❛♥❞ ❛❧✐❦❡ ✇❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t t❡st ❝❛s❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣r❡❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t✲r❡s✉❧t ♣❛✐rs ■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❍❯♥✐t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞♦❡s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❞♦ ❜❡tt❡r ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♣✉r❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ t❡st t❤❡♠ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡s ❛r❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ tr② ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❞❛t❛ s❛♠♣❧❡s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ t❡st✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②s s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❢♦r♠❛❧ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♥❡❛r❧② ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♣❛✐♥✦

SLIDE 6

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❚❡st✐♥❣

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐s ✈❡r② ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ■♥ ❏❯♥✐t ❛♥❞ ❛❧✐❦❡ ✇❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t t❡st ❝❛s❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣r❡❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t✲r❡s✉❧t ♣❛✐rs ■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❍❯♥✐t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞♦❡s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❞♦ ❜❡tt❡r ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♣✉r❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ t❡st t❤❡♠ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡s ❛r❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ tr② ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❞❛t❛ s❛♠♣❧❡s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ t❡st✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②s s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❢♦r♠❛❧ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♥❡❛r❧② ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♣❛✐♥✦

SLIDE 7

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❚❡st✐♥❣

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐s ✈❡r② ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ■♥ ❏❯♥✐t ❛♥❞ ❛❧✐❦❡ ✇❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t t❡st ❝❛s❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣r❡❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t✲r❡s✉❧t ♣❛✐rs ■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❍❯♥✐t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞♦❡s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❞♦ ❜❡tt❡r ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♣✉r❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ t❡st t❤❡♠ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡s ❛r❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ tr② ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❞❛t❛ s❛♠♣❧❡s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ t❡st✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②s s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❢♦r♠❛❧ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♥❡❛r❧② ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♣❛✐♥✦

SLIDE 8

❘❛♥❞♦♠ ❚❡st✐♥❣

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❚❡st✐♥❣ ✐s ✈❡r② ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✐♥ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ■♥ ❏❯♥✐t ❛♥❞ ❛❧✐❦❡ ✇❡ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t t❡st ❝❛s❡s t❤❛t ❛r❡ ♣r❡❛rr❛♥❣❡❞ ❛r❣✉♠❡♥t✲r❡s✉❧t ♣❛✐rs ■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧ t❤❡r❡ ✐s ❍❯♥✐t ✇❤✐❝❤ ❞♦❡s t❤❡ s❛♠❡ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❝♦✉❧❞ ❞♦ ❜❡tt❡r ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❛r❡ ♣✉r❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ t❡st t❤❡♠ ❛❣❛✐♥st ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ✕ ❙✐♥❝❡ ❞❛t❛ t②♣❡s ❛r❡ str✉❝t✉r❛❧ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ tr② ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❞❛t❛ s❛♠♣❧❡s ❘❛♥❞♦♠ t❡st✐♥❣ ❡♥❥♦②s s♦♠❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❜❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ❢♦r♠❛❧ ✈❡r✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✇✐t❤♦✉t ♥❡❛r❧② ❛s ♠✉❝❤ ♣❛✐♥✦

SLIDE 9

r❡✈❡rs❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❲❡ ❝♦♥❝❛t❡♥❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ✇r♦♥❣ ♦r❞❡r✿ ♣r♦♣❘❡✈❆♣♣✷ ✿✿ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❘❡✈❆♣♣✷ ①s ②s ❂ r❡✈❡rs❡ ✭①s ✰ ✰ ②s✮ ✑ r❡✈❡rs❡ ②s ✰ ✰ r❡✈❡rs❡ ①s

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propRevApp2 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 10

r❡✈❡rs❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❲❡ ❝♦♥❝❛t❡♥❛t❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ✇r♦♥❣ ♦r❞❡r✿ ♣r♦♣❘❡✈❆♣♣✷ ✿✿ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❘❡✈❆♣♣✷ ①s ②s ❂ r❡✈❡rs❡ ✭①s ✰ ✰ ②s✮ ✑ r❡✈❡rs❡ ②s ✰ ✰ r❡✈❡rs❡ ①s

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propRevApp2 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 11

r❡✈❡rs❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

▲❡t✬s ❝❤❡❝❦ ✐❢ ②♦✉ ❝❛♥ r❡✈❡rs❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❝♦♥❝❛t❡♥❛t✐♥❣✿ ♣r♦♣❘❡✈❆♣♣✶ ✿✿ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❘❡✈❆♣♣✶ ①s ②s ❂ r❡✈❡rs❡ ✭①s ✰ ✰ ②s✮ ✑ r❡✈❡rs❡ ①s ✰ ✰ r❡✈❡rs❡ ②s

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propRevApp1 Falsifiable, after 4 tests: [-3,-4,-4] [-4,-1,1,1]

SLIDE 12

r❡✈❡rs❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

▲❡t✬s ❝❤❡❝❦ ✐❢ ②♦✉ ❝❛♥ r❡✈❡rs❡ ❜❡❢♦r❡ ❝♦♥❝❛t❡♥❛t✐♥❣✿ ♣r♦♣❘❡✈❆♣♣✶ ✿✿ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❘❡✈❆♣♣✶ ①s ②s ❂ r❡✈❡rs❡ ✭①s ✰ ✰ ②s✮ ✑ r❡✈❡rs❡ ①s ✰ ✰ r❡✈❡rs❡ ②s

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propRevApp1 Falsifiable, after 4 tests: [-3,-4,-4] [-4,-1,1,1]

SLIDE 13

❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❚❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ❛ss❡rts t❤❛t ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡✿ ♣r♦♣❉✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡■ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ■♥t ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❉✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡■ ❛ ❜ ❝ ❂ ❛ ✄ ✭❜ ✰ ❝✮ ✑ ✭❛ ✄ ❜✮ ✰ ✭❛ ✄ ❝✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> propDistributiveI OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 14

❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❚❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ❛ss❡rts t❤❛t ❛❞❞✐t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ♠✉❧t✐♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ❞✐str✐❜✉t❡✿ ♣r♦♣❉✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡■ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ■♥t ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❉✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡■ ❛ ❜ ❝ ❂ ❛ ✄ ✭❜ ✰ ❝✮ ✑ ✭❛ ✄ ❜✮ ✰ ✭❛ ✄ ❝✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> propDistributiveI OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 15

❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❚❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ❢♦r ❋❧♦❛ts ❢❛✐❧s✿ ♣r♦♣❉✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡❋ ✿✿ ❋❧♦❛t ✦ ❋❧♦❛t ✦ ❋❧♦❛t ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❉✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡❋ ❛ ❜ ❝ ❂ ❛ ✄ ✭❜ ✰ ❝✮ ✑ ✭❛ ✄ ❜✮ ✰ ✭❛ ✄ ❝✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propDistributiveF Falsifiable, after 7 tests: 3.0

2.666667

3.75

SLIDE 16

❉✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❚❤❡ s❛♠❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ❢♦r ❋❧♦❛ts ❢❛✐❧s✿ ♣r♦♣❉✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡❋ ✿✿ ❋❧♦❛t ✦ ❋❧♦❛t ✦ ❋❧♦❛t ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❉✐str✐❜✉t✐✈❡❋ ❛ ❜ ❝ ❂ ❛ ✄ ✭❜ ✰ ❝✮ ✑ ✭❛ ✄ ❜✮ ✰ ✭❛ ✄ ❝✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propDistributiveF Falsifiable, after 7 tests: 3.0

2.666667

3.75

SLIDE 17

✐♥s❡rt ❛♥❞ ♦r❞❡r❡❞

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❋♦r t❤❡ ♥❡①t s❡✈❡r❛❧ s❧✐❞❡s ✇❡ ✇✐❧❧ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥s❡rts ❛♥ ❡❧❡♠❡♥t ✐♥t♦ ❛♥ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐st✳ ✐♥s❡rt ❡ ✭① ✿ ①s✮ ❂ if ❡ ❁ ① then ❡ ✿ ① ✿ ①s else ① ✿ ✭✐♥s❡rt ❡ ①s✮ ✐♥s❡rt ❡ ❬ ❪ ❂ ❬❡ ❪ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ t❡sts ✇❤❡t❤❡r t❤❡ ❧✐st ✐s ♦r❞❡r❡❞✿ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✿✿ ❖r❞ ❛ ✮ ❬❛ ❪ ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❬ ❪ ❂ ❚r✉❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭① ✿ ❬ ❪✮ ❂ ❚r✉❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭①✶ ✿ ①✷ ✿ ①s✮ ❂ if ①✶ ①✷ then ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭①✷ ✿ ①s✮ else ❋❛❧s❡

SLIDE 18

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❲❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❛♥t t♦ t❡st ✇❤❡t❤❡r ✐♥s❡rt ✇♦r❦s✱ ❜✉t t❤✐s ❤❛s ♣♦✐♥t ♦♥❧② ♦♥ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐sts✿ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✶ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✶ ① ①s ❂ if ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s then ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❡rt ① ①s✮ else ❚r✉❡ ❙✐♥❝❡ ◗✉✐❝❦❈❤❡❝❦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✇♦r❦ ♦♥ ♣♦❧②♠♦r♣❤✐❝ t②♣❡s ✇❡ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ■♥ts ❤❡r❡✳

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> propInsert1 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 19

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❲❡ ✇♦✉❧❞ ✇❛♥t t♦ t❡st ✇❤❡t❤❡r ✐♥s❡rt ✇♦r❦s✱ ❜✉t t❤✐s ❤❛s ♣♦✐♥t ♦♥❧② ♦♥ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐sts✿ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✶ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✶ ① ①s ❂ if ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s then ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❡rt ① ①s✮ else ❚r✉❡ ❙✐♥❝❡ ◗✉✐❝❦❈❤❡❝❦ ❞♦❡s ♥♦t ✇♦r❦ ♦♥ ♣♦❧②♠♦r♣❤✐❝ t②♣❡s ✇❡ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ■♥ts ❤❡r❡✳

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> propInsert1 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 20

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❇✉t ❞✐❞ t❤✐s ❛❝t✉❛❧❧② t❡❧❧ ✉s ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣❄ ❍♦✇ ❞♦ ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ ❤♦✇ ♠❛♥② ❧✐sts ✇❡r❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞❄ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✷ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✷ ① ①s ❂ ✭❧❡♥❣t❤ ①s ✑ ✵ ❴ ✿ ✭♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s✮✮ ❵tr✐✈✐❛❧❵ if ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s then ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❡rt ① ①s✮ else ❚r✉❡

❖✉t♣✉t

*Test> quickCheck propInsert2 OK, passed 100 tests (82% trivial).

SLIDE 21

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❇✉t ❞✐❞ t❤✐s ❛❝t✉❛❧❧② t❡❧❧ ✉s ❛♥②t❤✐♥❣❄ ❍♦✇ ❞♦ ✇❡ ❦♥♦✇ ❤♦✇ ♠❛♥② ❧✐sts ✇❡r❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞❄ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✷ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✷ ① ①s ❂ ✭❧❡♥❣t❤ ①s ✑ ✵ ❴ ✿ ✭♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s✮✮ ❵tr✐✈✐❛❧❵ if ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s then ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❡rt ① ①s✮ else ❚r✉❡

❖✉t♣✉t

*Test> quickCheck propInsert2 OK, passed 100 tests (82% trivial).

SLIDE 22

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❂❂❃ ✐s t❤❡ ◗✉✐❝❦❈❤❡❝❦ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛t♦r t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡s ✐t t❡st ♦♥❧② t❤❡ ✜tt✐♥❣ ✈❛❧✉❡s✿ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✸ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✸ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❡rt ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> propInsert3 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 23

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❂❂❃ ✐s t❤❡ ◗✉✐❝❦❈❤❡❝❦ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛t♦r t❤❛t ♠❛❦❡s ✐t t❡st ♦♥❧② t❤❡ ✜tt✐♥❣ ✈❛❧✉❡s✿ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✸ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt✸ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❡rt ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> propInsert3 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 24

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❍♦✇ ✇❡❧❧ ❞♦ ✇❡ ❛❝t✉❛❧❧② t❡st❄ ❈❛♥ t❤✐s ♣❛ss❄ ✐♥s❇❛❞ ❛ ❬ ❪ ❂ ❬❛ ❪ ✐♥s❇❛❞ ❛ ② ❥ ✭❧❡♥❣t❤ ②✮ ❃ ✹ ❂ ② ✰ ✰ ❬❛ ❪ ❥ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❂ ✐♥s❡rt ❛ ② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✶ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✶ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❇❛❞ ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propInsertBad1 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 25

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

❍♦✇ ✇❡❧❧ ❞♦ ✇❡ ❛❝t✉❛❧❧② t❡st❄ ❈❛♥ t❤✐s ♣❛ss❄ ✐♥s❇❛❞ ❛ ❬ ❪ ❂ ❬❛ ❪ ✐♥s❇❛❞ ❛ ② ❥ ✭❧❡♥❣t❤ ②✮ ❃ ✹ ❂ ② ✰ ✰ ❬❛ ❪ ❥ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❂ ✐♥s❡rt ❛ ② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✶ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✶ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❇❛❞ ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propInsertBad1 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 26

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✷ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✷ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t ✭❧❡♥❣t❤ ①s✮ ✩ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❇❛❞ ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propInsertBad2 OK, passed 100 tests. 53% 0. 24% 1. 14% 2. 8% 3. 1% 4.

SLIDE 27

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✷ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✷ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t ✭❧❡♥❣t❤ ①s✮ ✩ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❇❛❞ ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propInsertBad2 OK, passed 100 tests. 53% 0. 24% 1. 14% 2. 8% 3. 1% 4.

SLIDE 28

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✸ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✸ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ❝❧❛ss✐❢② ✭♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭① ✿ ①s✮✮ "at-head" ✩ ❝❧❛ss✐❢② ✭♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭①s ✰ ✰ ❬① ❪✮✮ "at-tail" ✩ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❇❛❞ ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propInsertBad3 OK, passed 100 tests. 53% at-head, at-tail. 20% at-tail. 20% at-head.

SLIDE 29

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

Pr♦♣❡rt②

♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✸ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✸ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ❝❧❛ss✐❢② ✭♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭① ✿ ①s✮✮ "at-head" ✩ ❝❧❛ss✐❢② ✭♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭①s ✰ ✰ ❬① ❪✮✮ "at-tail" ✩ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❇❛❞ ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propInsertBad3 OK, passed 100 tests. 53% at-head, at-tail. 20% at-tail. 20% at-head.

SLIDE 30

❡♥❡r❛t♦rs

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ t❡st ♠♦st❧② tr✐✈✐❛❧ ♦r ✈❡r② s✐♠♣❧❡ ❝❛s❡s ✭♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✐♥s❡rt ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐st✦✮ ❏✉st ❝❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ❧✐st ✐s ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♥♦✉❣❤✦ ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ✇❛② t♦ ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐sts✦

SLIDE 31

❡♥❡r❛t♦rs

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ t❡st ♠♦st❧② tr✐✈✐❛❧ ♦r ✈❡r② s✐♠♣❧❡ ❝❛s❡s ✭♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✐♥s❡rt ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐st✦✮ ❏✉st ❝❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ❧✐st ✐s ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♥♦✉❣❤✦ ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ✇❛② t♦ ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐sts✦

SLIDE 32

❡♥❡r❛t♦rs

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ t❡st ♠♦st❧② tr✐✈✐❛❧ ♦r ✈❡r② s✐♠♣❧❡ ❝❛s❡s ✭♦♥❧② ♦♥❡ ✐♥s❡rt ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠✐❞❞❧❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❧✐st✦✮ ❏✉st ❝❤❡❝❦✐♥❣ ✇❤❡t❤❡r ❧✐st ✐s ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✐s ♥♦t ❡♥♦✉❣❤✦ ❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ✇❛② t♦ ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ❧✐sts✦

SLIDE 33

❡♥ ❛

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ❛r❡ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼♦♥❛❞ ❝❧❛ss ✇✐t❤ t❤❡

✭s✐♠♣❧✐✜❡❞✮ ❝♦♥❝r❡t❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥✿ newtype ●❡♥ ❛ ❂ ●❡♥ ✭❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛✮ ❚❤❡ t②♣❡s ♦❢ ❜✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ r❡t✉r♥ s✉❣❣❡st ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ t❤❡♠ ❛s ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛t♦rs t♦ ❜✉✐❧❞ ❝♦♠♣❧❡① ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ♦✉t ♦❢ s✐♠♣❧❡r ♦♥❡s✿ r❡t✉r♥ ✿✿ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✭> >=✮ ✿✿ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ✭❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜✮ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜

SLIDE 34

❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❚❤❡ t②♣❡ ❝❧❛ss ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ ❞❡♥♦t❡s t②♣❡s ❢♦r ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡ r❛♥❞♦♠ ✈❛❧✉❡s✿ class ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ✿✿ ●❡♥ ❛ ❆♥❞ t❤❡s❡ ✈❛❧✉❡s ❛r❡ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ♣r♦♣❡rt② ❜② ❛♣♣❧②✐♥❣ ❢♦r❆❧❧✿ ❢♦r❆❧❧ ✿✿ ✭❙❤♦✇ ❛❀ ❚❡st❛❜❧❡ ❜✮ ✮

❡♥ ❛ ✦ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt②

SLIDE 35

❆r❜✐tr❛r② ✐♥st❛♥❝❡s

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

✐✈❡♥ ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ✿✿ ✭■♥t❀ ■♥t✮ ✦ ●❡♥ ■♥t✱ ✇❡ ✇r✐t❡✿

instance ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥t where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ❝❤♦♦s❡ ✭✹✷❀ ✹✷✮ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ t❤❡ ❜✉✐❧t✲✐♥ ❧✐❢t▼✷ ♠♦♥❛❞ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ❛❞❞ ♣❛✐rs t♦ t❤❡ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❝❧❛ss✳ instance ✭❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛❀ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❜✮ ✮ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ✭❛❀ ❜✮ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ❧✐❢t▼✷ ✭❀ ✮ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛r❜✐tr❛r②

SLIDE 36

❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❚❤❡ ♦♥❡♦❢ ✿✿ ❬●❡♥ ❛ ❪ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛t♦r r❛♥❞♦♠❧② s❡❧❡❝ts ♦♥❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r ❢r♦♠ ❛ ❧✐st✳ ❊❧❡♠❡♥ts ❛r❡ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❡q✉❛❧❧②✳ data Pr♦❢ ❂ ❙t❡✈❡ ❥ ❙t❡♣❤❛♥✐❡ ❥ ❇❡♥❥❛♠✐♥ instance ❆r❜✐tr❛r② Pr♦❢ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ♦♥❡♦❢ ❬r❡t✉r♥ ❙t❡✈❡❀ r❡t✉r♥ ❙t❡♣❤❛♥✐❡❀ r❡t✉r♥ ❇❡♥❥❛♠✐♥ ❪ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❬❛ ❪ ✉s✐♥❣ ♦♥❡♦❢ ✿ instance ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ ✮ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❬❛ ❪ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ♦♥❡♦❢ ❬r❡t✉r♥ ❬ ❪❀ ❧✐❢t▼✷ ✭✿✮ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❪

SLIDE 37

▲✐st ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❖✉r ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s ✐♥st❛♥t✐❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❬❛ ❪ ❝r❡❛t❡❞ ❡♠♣t② ❧✐sts ❤❛❧❢ t❤❡ t✐♠❡✳ ❚♦ ✜① t❤✐s ✇❡ ✉s❡ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ✿✿ ❬✭■♥t❀ ●❡♥ ❛✮❪ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✿ instance ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ ✮ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❬❛ ❪ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ❬✭✶❀ r❡t✉r♥ ❬ ❪✮❀ ✭✹❀ ❧✐❢t▼✷ ✭✿✮ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮❪

SLIDE 38

❚r❡❡s ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ✐♥st❛♥t✐❛t❡ ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r✿ data ❚r❡❡ ❛ ❂ ▲❡❛❢ ❛ ❥ ❇r❛♥❝❤ ✭❚r❡❡ ❛✮ ✭❚r❡❡ ❛✮ instance ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ ✮ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❚r❡❡ ❛ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ❬✭✶❀ ▲✐❢t▼ ▲❡❛❢ ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮❀ ✭✷❀ ▲✐❢t▼✷ ❇r❛♥❝❤ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮❪ ❲❤❛t✬s ✇r♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐s ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥❄

SLIDE 39

❚r❡❡s ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❛❧s♦ ✐♥st❛♥t✐❛t❡ ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r✿ data ❚r❡❡ ❛ ❂ ▲❡❛❢ ❛ ❥ ❇r❛♥❝❤ ✭❚r❡❡ ❛✮ ✭❚r❡❡ ❛✮ instance ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ ✮ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❚r❡❡ ❛ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ❬✭✶❀ ▲✐❢t▼ ▲❡❛❢ ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮❀ ✭✷❀ ▲✐❢t▼✷ ❇r❛♥❝❤ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮❪ ❲❤❛t✬s ✇r♦♥❣ ✇✐t❤ t❤✐s ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥❄

SLIDE 40

❙✐③❡❞ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❡♥s✉r❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛ str✉❝t✉r❡s ❤❛✈❡ ✜♥✐t❡ s✐③❡ ❜② ❛❞❞✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t s✐③❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r t♦ ●❡♥ ❛✳ ❖✉r ❞❡ï➡⑩♥✐t✐♦♥ ❜❡❝♦♠❡s newtype ●❡♥ ❛ ❂ ●❡♥ ✭■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛✮ ❛♥❞ ✐s ✉s❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❛ ♥❡✇ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❛t♦r✿ s✐③❡❞ ✿✿ ✭■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✮ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛

SLIDE 41

❚r❡❡ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❚❤❡ ❢♦❧❧♦✇✐♥❣ tr❡❡ ❞❡ï➡⑩♥✐t✐♦♥ ✇✐❧❧ ♣r♦❞✉❝❡ ❛ tr❡❡s ✇✐t❤ ♥♦ ♠♦r❡ ❡❧❡♠❡♥ts t❤❛♥ t❤❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r t♦ ❛r❜❚r❡❡✳ ◆♦t❡ t❤❛t t❤✐s ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r ✐s ♣❛ss❡❞ ✐♥ ❜② s✐③❡❞ ❛♥❞ ✐s ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ❝♦♥st❛♥t✳ data ❚r❡❡ ❛ ❂ ▲❡❛❢ ❛ ❥ ❇r❛♥❝❤ ✭❚r❡❡ ❛✮ ✭❚r❡❡ ❛✮ instance ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ ✮ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❚r❡❡ ❛ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ s✐③❡❞ ❛r❜❚r❡❡ ❛r❜❚r❡❡ ✵ ❂ ❧✐❢t▼ ▲❡❛❢ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛r❜❚r❡❡ ♥ ❂ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ❬✭✶❀ ❧✐❢t▼ ▲❡❛❢ ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮❀ ✭✷❀ ❧✐❢t▼✷ ❇r❛♥❝❤ ✭❛r❜❚r❡❡ ✭♥ ❵❞✐✈❵ ✷✮✮ ✭❛r❜❚r❡❡ ✭♥ ❵❞✐✈❵ ✷✮✮✮❪

SLIDE 42

✐♥s❡rt ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❇❛❝❦ t♦ ♦✉r ♣r♦❜❧❡♠✿ ✐♥s❇❛❞ ❛ ❬ ❪ ❂ ❬❛ ❪ ✐♥s❇❛❞ ❛ ② ❥ ✭❧❡♥❣t❤ ②✮ ❃ ✹ ❂ ② ✰ ✰ ❬❛ ❪ ❥ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❂ ✐♥s❡rt ❛ ② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✶ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✶ ① ①s ❂ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ①s ❂❂❃ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❇❛❞ ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propInsertBad1 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 43

♦r❞❡r❡❞▲✐st

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

◆♦✇ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❞❡✜♥❡ ♦r❞❡r❡❞▲✐st ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r✿ ♦r❞❡r❡❞▲✐st ❂ do ❛ ✥ ❢r❡q✉❡♥❝② ❬✭✶❀ r❡t✉r♥ ❬ ❪✮❀ ✭✼❀ ❧✐❢t▼✷ ✭✿✮ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮❪ r❡t✉r♥ ✭s♦rt ❛✮

SLIDE 44

❊①❛♠♣❧❡

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❆♥❞ ✜♥❛❧❧② ❢❛✐❧ t❤❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✦ ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✹ ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣■♥s❡rt❇❛❞✹ ① ❂ ❢♦r❆❧❧ ♦r❞❡r❡❞▲✐st ✩ ✕①s ✦ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ✭✐♥s❇❛❞ ① ①s✮

❖✉t♣✉t

*Test> quickCheck propInsertBad4 Falsifiable, after 10 tests:

[-8,-4,-3,0,5]

SLIDE 45

■♥✜♥✐t❡ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡s

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

■♥✜♥✐t❡ str✉❝t✉r❡s ✇✐❧❧ ❝❛✉s❡ ✐♥✜♥✐t❡ ❧♦♦♣s✿ ♣r♦♣❉♦✉❜❧❡❈②❝❧❡✶ ✿✿ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣❉♦✉❜❧❡❈②❝❧❡✶ ①s ❂ ✿ ✭♥✉❧❧ ①s✮ ❂❂❃ ❝②❝❧❡ ①s ✑ ❝②❝❧❡ ✭①s ✰ ✰ ①s✮

SLIDE 46

■♥✜♥✐t❡ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡s

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❍♦✇❡✈❡r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ t❤❡♠ ✉♣ t♦ ❛♥② ✜♥✐t❡ s✐③❡✿ ♣r♦♣❉♦✉❜❧❡❈②❝❧❡✷ ✿✿ ❬■♥t ❪ ✦ ■♥t ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣❉♦✉❜❧❡❈②❝❧❡✷ ①s ♥ ❂ ✿ ✭♥✉❧❧ ①s✮ ❫ ♥ ✵ ❂❂❃ t❛❦❡ ♥ ✭❝②❝❧❡ ①s✮ ✑ t❛❦❡ ♥ ✭❝②❝❧❡ ✭①s ✰ ✰ ①s✮✮

SLIDE 47

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

▲❡t✬s tr② t♦ ❞❡✜♥❡ r❛♥❞♦♠ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ❜② t❤r♦✇✐♥❣ ❛✇❛② t❤❡ ✐♥♣✉t ❛♥❞ ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♥❣ ❛ r❛♥❞♦♠ r❡s✉❧t✳ ■♥ t❤✐s ❝❛s❡✿ ♣r♦♣❋✉♥❝✶ ✿✿ ✭■♥t ✦ ■♥t✮ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❋✉♥❝✶ ❢ ① ❂ ✭❢ ✍ ✭✰✷✮✮ ① ✑ ✭❢ ✍ ✭✄✷✮✮ ①

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propFunc1 OK, passed 100 tests.

SLIDE 48

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥♣✉t ❛♥❞ ♦✉t♣✉t✱ ♦r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡t ✇r♦♥❣ r❡s✉❧ts ❚②♣❡ ♦❢ ●❡♥ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ✐s ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t t♦ ❛ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❆♥❞ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ■t✬s ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ t②♣❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r ❢♦r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳ ✕ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ♠❛②❜❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥ts t♦ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✳ ✕ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♠❛❦❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ t②♣❡s ✐♥t♦ ■♥ts✿ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❜ ❂ if ❜ then ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✶ else ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✵

SLIDE 49

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥♣✉t ❛♥❞ ♦✉t♣✉t✱ ♦r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡t ✇r♦♥❣ r❡s✉❧ts ❚②♣❡ ♦❢ ●❡♥ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ✐s ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t t♦ ❛ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❆♥❞ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ■t✬s ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ t②♣❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r ❢♦r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳ ✕ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ♠❛②❜❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥ts t♦ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✳ ✕ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♠❛❦❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ t②♣❡s ✐♥t♦ ■♥ts✿ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❜ ❂ if ❜ then ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✶ else ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✵

SLIDE 50

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥♣✉t ❛♥❞ ♦✉t♣✉t✱ ♦r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡t ✇r♦♥❣ r❡s✉❧ts ❚②♣❡ ♦❢ ●❡♥ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ✐s ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t t♦ ❛ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❆♥❞ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ■t✬s ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ t②♣❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r ❢♦r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳ ✕ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ♠❛②❜❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥ts t♦ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✳ ✕ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♠❛❦❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ t②♣❡s ✐♥t♦ ■♥ts✿ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❜ ❂ if ❜ then ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✶ else ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✵

SLIDE 51

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥♣✉t ❛♥❞ ♦✉t♣✉t✱ ♦r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡t ✇r♦♥❣ r❡s✉❧ts ❚②♣❡ ♦❢ ●❡♥ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ✐s ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t t♦ ❛ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❆♥❞ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ■t✬s ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ t②♣❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r ❢♦r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳ ✕ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ♠❛②❜❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥ts t♦ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✳ ✕ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♠❛❦❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ t②♣❡s ✐♥t♦ ■♥ts✿ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❜ ❂ if ❜ then ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✶ else ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✵

SLIDE 52

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥♣✉t ❛♥❞ ♦✉t♣✉t✱ ♦r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡t ✇r♦♥❣ r❡s✉❧ts ❚②♣❡ ♦❢ ●❡♥ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ✐s ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t t♦ ❛ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❆♥❞ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ■t✬s ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ t②♣❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r ❢♦r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳ ✕ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ♠❛②❜❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥ts t♦ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✳ ✕ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♠❛❦❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ t②♣❡s ✐♥t♦ ■♥ts✿ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❜ ❂ if ❜ then ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✶ else ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✵

SLIDE 53

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥♣✉t ❛♥❞ ♦✉t♣✉t✱ ♦r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡t ✇r♦♥❣ r❡s✉❧ts ❚②♣❡ ♦❢ ●❡♥ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ✐s ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t t♦ ❛ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❆♥❞ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ■t✬s ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ t②♣❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r ❢♦r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳ ✕ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ♠❛②❜❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥ts t♦ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✳ ✕ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♠❛❦❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ t②♣❡s ✐♥t♦ ■♥ts✿ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❜ ❂ if ❜ then ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✶ else ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✵

SLIDE 54

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

❲❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥❝② ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ✐♥♣✉t ❛♥❞ ♦✉t♣✉t✱ ♦r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡t ✇r♦♥❣ r❡s✉❧ts ❚②♣❡ ♦❢ ●❡♥ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ✐s ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❛ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❚❤✐s ✐s ❡q✉✐✈❛❧❡♥t t♦ ❛ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❘❛♥❞ ✦ ❜ ✕ ❆♥❞ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ■t✬s ♥♦t ❝❧❡❛r ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ♠❛❦❡ ❛ ✈❛❧✉❡ ♦❢ ♦♥❡ t②♣❡ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦r ❢♦r ❛♥♦t❤❡r✳ ✕ ❍♦✇❡✈❡r ♠❛②❜❡ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ ✉s❡ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥ts t♦ tr❛♥s❢♦r♠ ❣❡♥❡r❛t♦rs ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛✳ ✕ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❝❡rt❛✐♥❧② ♠❛❦❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ t②♣❡s ✐♥t♦ ■♥ts✿ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❜ ❂ if ❜ then ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✶ else ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✵

SLIDE 55

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧✱ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ✇❛② t♦ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❡ t❤✐s ✐s ✇✐t❤ ❛ t②♣❡ ❝❧❛ss✳ class ❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ where ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ✿✿ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ❲❡ t❤❡♥ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ✐♥ t❡r♠s ♦❢ ❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ✭❛♥❞ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ♠❛t❝❤ t❤❡ t②♣❡s✮✳ instance ✭❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛❀ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❜✮ ✮ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ✭✕❛ ✦ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮

SLIDE 56

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡

■♥ ❍❛s❦❡❧❧✱ t❤❡ r✐❣❤t ✇❛② t♦ ❣❡♥❡r❛❧✐③❡ t❤✐s ✐s ✇✐t❤ ❛ t②♣❡ ❝❧❛ss✳ class ❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ where ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ✿✿ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜ ❲❡ t❤❡♥ ❞❡✜♥❡ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ✐♥ t❡r♠s ♦❢ ❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ✭❛♥❞ ❛ ❤❡❧♣❡r ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ t♦ ♠❛t❝❤ t❤❡ t②♣❡s✮✳ instance ✭❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛❀ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❜✮ ✮ ❆r❜✐tr❛r② ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ where ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❂ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ✭✕❛ ✦ ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❛ ❛r❜✐tr❛r②✮

SLIDE 57

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

✈❛r✐❛♥t ✿✿ ■♥t ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❛ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✈ ✭●❡♥ ♠✮ ❂

❡♥ ✭✕♥ r ✦ ♠ ♥ ✭r❛♥❞s r ✦✦ ✭✈ ✰ ✶✮✮✮

where r❛♥❞s r✵ ❂ r✶ ✿ r❛♥❞s r✷ where ✭r✶❀ r✷✮ ❂ s♣❧✐t r✵ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ✿✿ ✭❛ ✦ ●❡♥ ❜✮ ✦ ●❡♥ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ❢ ❂

❡♥ ✭✕♥ r ✦ ✕❛ ✦ let ●❡♥ ♠ ❂ ❢ ❛ in ♠ ♥ r✮

SLIDE 58

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

instance ❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❇♦♦❧ where ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❜ ❂ if ❜ then ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✵ else ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✶ instance ❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ■♥t where ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ♥ ❂ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✭if ♥ ✵ then ✷ ✄ ♥ else ✷ ✄ ✭♥✮ ✰ ✶✮ instance ❈♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❈❤❛r where ❝♦❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❝ ❂ ✈❛r✐❛♥t ✭♦r❞ ❝✮

SLIDE 59

❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

❆♥❞ ❜❛❝❦ t♦ t❤❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ♣r♦♣❋✉♥❝✶ ✿✿ ✭■♥t ✦ ■♥t✮ ✦ ■♥t ✦ ❇♦♦❧ ♣r♦♣❋✉♥❝✶ ❢ ① ❂ ✭❢ ✍ ✭✰✷✮✮ ① ✑ ✭❢ ✍ ✭✄✷✮✮ ①

❖✉t♣✉t

Test> quickCheck propFunc1 Falsifiable, after 0 tests: function*

SLIDE 60

■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥

❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥

newtype Pr♦♣❡rt② ❂ Pr♦♣ ✭●❡♥ ❘❡s✉❧t✮ class ❚❡st❛❜❧❡ ❛ where ♣r♦♣❡rt② ✿✿ ❛ ✦ Pr♦♣❡rt② instance ❚❡st❛❜❧❡ ❇♦♦❧ where ♣r♦♣❡rt② ❜ ❂ Pr♦♣ ✭r❡t✉r♥ ✩ r❡s✉❧t❇♦♦❧ ❜✮ instance ❚❡st❛❜❧❡ Pr♦♣❡rt② where ♣r♦♣❡rt② ♣r♦♣ ❂ ♣r♦♣ instance ✭❆r❜✐tr❛r② ❛❀ ❙❤♦✇ ❛❀ ❚❡st❛❜❧❡ ❜✮ ✮ ❚❡st❛❜❧❡ ✭❛ ✦ ❜✮ where ♣r♦♣❡rt② ❢ ❂ ❢♦r❆❧❧ ❛r❜✐tr❛r② ❢

SLIDE 61

❚❡st✐♥❣ ▼♦♥❛❞s

❖✉t❧✐♥❡