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T ORY F NG RANSI T AT HE RI & COMPL X K N NE S E I T WORK N L OW - I NCOME COMMUNI S I T I E K EV IN R O Y , P H . D . D EPA RTM ENT O F F A M ILY S C IENC E U NIV ERSITY O F M A RYLA ND , C O LLEG E P A RK S C HO O L O F P UBLIC

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SLIDE 1

KEV IN RO Y, PH. D . D EPA RTM ENT O F FA M ILY SC IENC E UNIV ERSITY O F M A RYLA ND, C O LLEG E PA RK SC HO O L O F PUBLIC HEA LTH

T

RANSI T ORY F AT HE RI NG

& COMPL

E X K I N NE T WORK S I N L OW-I NCOME COMMUNI T I E S

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SLIDE 2

Numb e rs o f c hildre n in tho usa nds So urc e : U.S. Ce nsus Bure a u, Curre nt Po pula tio n Surve y, 2011 Annua l So c ia l a nd E c o no mic Supple me nt I nte rne t Re le a se Da te : No ve mb e r 2011

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SLIDE 3

BACK

GROUND

  • E

ra o f rising ine q ua litie s, 1985-2010

  • I

ne q ua lity in inc o me & re so urc e s, e mplo yme nt a nd e duc a tio na l a tta inme nt

  • I

nc a rc e ra tio n a nd milita riza tio n

  • I

mmig ra tio n

  • “Glo c a l” e c o no mic shifts
  • F

a mily life

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SLIDE 4

Q UE

ST I ON

  • Ho w do e s fa the ring o n

the ma rg ins o f fa milie s a nd wo rk sha pe the he a lth a nd we ll-b e ing

  • f c hildre n, fa milie s,

a nd me n the mse lve s?

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SLIDE 5

T

HE ORE T I CAL F RAME WORK

  • L

ife c o urse (Gie le & E lde r, 1998)

  • Ag e nc y
  • L
  • c a tio n in c o nte xt
  • L

inke d live s

  • Multiple rhythms o f time
  • I

ndividua l

  • Ge ne ra tio na l
  • Co ho rt
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SLIDE 6

ME

T HODS: SI T E S AND SAMPL E S

L ife Histo ry Studie s

  • 150 lo w-inc o me fa the rs in 4 c o mmunity-b a se d pro je c ts

40 Afric a n Ame ric a n me n in a fa the ring pro g ra m in Chic a g o ; 40 inc a rc e ra te d me n in a wo rk re le a se c o rre c tio na l fa c ility in I ndia na ; 35 yo ung Afric a n Ame ric a n me n in a fa the ring pro g ra m in I ndia na po lis; 35 lo w-inc o me me n fro m c hild c a re pro g ra ms in Chic a g o .

Ra c e / e thnic ity

66% Afric a n Ame ric a n 20% E uro pe a n Ame ric a n 13% L a tino

Dive rsity in a g e

35%,18-24 yrs 36%, 25-35 yrs 29%, 36 yrs a nd o lde r

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SLIDE 7

ME

T HODS: SI T E S AND SAMPL E S

E me rg ing Adultho o d Study

22 Afric a n Ame ric a n me n, Ba ltimo re GE D pro g ra m 19 Sa lva do ra n me n, L a ng le y Pa rk GE D pro g ra m

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SLIDE 8

ME

T HODS

Appro a c h

Pro c e sse s, c o nte xts, a nd c o nstruc te d me a ning s; disc o ve ry (De nzin & L inc o ln, 1994)

Da ta c o lle c tio n

F ie ldwo rk a nd pa rtic ipa nt o b se rva tio n in c o mmunity-b a se d pro g ra ms Se mi-struc ture d re tro spe c tive pro to c o l b a se d o n the life histo ry c a le nda r me tho do lo g y

Ana lyse s

Gro unde d the o ry a ppro a c h with o pe n, a xia l, a nd se le c tive c o ding

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SLIDE 9
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SLIDE 10

F

AT HE RI NG AS NURT URANCE

  • Nurture me a ns c a re —physic a l, e mo tio na l,

inte lle c tua l, spiritua l—g a ug e d b y o ne ’ s c o nduc t a nd the c o nse q ue nc e s fo r c hildre n’ s po sitive de ve lo pme nt. I t is re spo nsive to the diffe re nt ne e ds o f c hildre n a t diffe re nt a g e s. T hus nurture is no t a sta tic c o nc e ptio n. I t me a ns mo re tha n simply do ing ; it a lso me a ns the ma nne r in whic h thing s a re do ne , a nd the ir re sults fo r c hildre n. (Do wd 2000)

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SLIDE 11

WE

L L-BE I NG OF F AT HE RS

  • F

a the rho o d a s turning po int

  • Pe rso na l de ve lo pme nt (Pa lko vitz, 2002)
  • Ce ntra l g e ne ra tive e xpe rie nc e
  • T

ra je c to ry/ ie s o ve r the life c o urse

  • Ne g o tia tio n o f risk
  • T

he se fa the rs a re the sa me b o ys a nd a do le sc e nts…

  • Be ing a t risk AND b e ing a risk
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SLIDE 12

WE

L L-BE I NG OF F AT HE RS

  • So c ia liza tio n to c a re wo rk a t yo ung a g e is c ritic a l
  • Adultific a tio n a s “ma n o f ho use ” (Ro y, Me ssina , Wa te rs, &

Smith, 2012; Burto n, 2007)

  • Yo ung me n live in risk o f physic a l vio le nc e in the ir

c o mmunitie s

  • Dise ng a g e me nt fro m risky b e ha vio r to pro te c t the mse lve s

a nd the ir c hildre n (Ro y, 2004)

  • F

a the rs na vig a te b e twe e n ma instre a m a nd stre e t e xpe c ta tio ns

  • Hyb rid ide ntity in fa the ring pro g ra ms(Ro y & Dyso n, 2010)
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SLIDE 13

WE

L L-BE I NG OF F AT HE RS

  • “Ne w fa the rho o d” se ts hig h e xpe c ta tio ns fo r

pro visio n

  • Suppo rt fro m c lo se re la tio nships with the ir fa the rs (Ro y,

Ve se ly, F itzg e ra ld, Jo ne s, 2010)

  • I

na b ility to pro vide c a n le a d to de pre ssio n, sha me a nd g uilt

  • T

ra uma a nd lo ss, due to e xpo sure to vio le nc e a nd pe e r survivo rship (Smith & Ro y, 2012)

  • Nurturing fa the rs c a n ma ke a me nds fo r mista ke s in

the pa st

  • Se c o nd c ha nc e s a nd diffic ult pa st(Ma runa & Ro y, 2007; Ro y

& L uc a s, 2006)

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SLIDE 14
  • I

’ m g o ing to g e t [my da ug hte r] wha t she ne e ds. I f I c a n’ t g e t it, the n I ’ m hurt b e c a use I c a n’ t g e t so me thing fo r he r. I f I a in’ t g o t no wa y e lse , I ’ m g o ing b a c k to the b ric ks. T

  • ta ke c a re o f mine .

Go t to do wha t I g o t to do fo r mine . Anything , b y a ny me a ns ne c e ssa ry, to do fo r mine . A ma n is

  • ne who will take c are o f his o wn.

Bird, 20 yr o ld fa the r o f Ang e l (11 mo .)

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SLIDE 15

K

I N WORK

  • F

a the rs c a n pla y c e ntra l ro le s a s kinwo rke rs

  • K

insc riptio n (Ro y & Burto n, 2007)

  • Mo the rs he lp the ir a dult so ns to se c ure invo lve me nt
  • Pa te rna l g ra ndmo the rs (Ro y, Dyso n, & Ja c kso n, 2009;

Ma dha va n & Ro y, 2011)

  • Me n’ s re la tio nships with the ir o wn fa the rs diffe re d b y

c o ho rt

  • Sta b ility, limina lity, & inq uiry (Ro y, 2006)
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SLIDE 16

K

I N WORK

  • Ha ving c hildre n b ring s unma rrie d pa re nts to g e the r

b ut le a ve s the m in a mb ig uo us re la tio nships

  • Suspe nsio n (Ro y, Buc kmille r, & Mc Do we ll, 2008)
  • Mo the r-fa the r re la tio nships a re stro ng e st pre dic to rs
  • f fa the r e ng a g e me nt with c hildre n a c ro ss

ho use ho lds

  • Multiple pa rtne r pa re nting
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SLIDE 17

F

AMI L Y COMPL E XI T Y (ROY & WAL

L E R, 2012)

Dime nsion of c omple xity Common appr

  • ac h

Qualitative insights Par e nting r e lationship

Sing le b io c hild All b io & no n b io c hildre n

Plac e

Ho use ho ld Multiple ho use ho lds

F amily

Nuc le a r E xte nde d kin, a ll unio ns

T ime

Po int in time Dyna mic ; lo ng itudina l & re tro spe c tive

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SLIDE 18

C OMPL

E XI T Y L E ADS T O C HAL L E NGE S

  • Whe re a re the se me n?
  • Me tho do lo g ic a l limita tio ns
  • Who a re the se me n?
  • Co nc e ptua l limita tio ns
  • L

a c k o f c o nte xt

  • Sna p sho t o f me n’ s live s
  • Sta tus a nd ste re o type s
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SLIDE 19

ST

UDYI NG ST AT US? PROCE SS?

  • Re side nc e a s sta tus

OR

  • T

ra nsito ry fa the ring a s pro c e ss o ve r time

  • Ma rg ina lize d sta tus

OR

  • Ma rg ina liza tio n a s pro c e ss
  • Ba d, sic k, o r injure d (Ric h, 2011)
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SLIDE 20

[DE

BT S]

Re se a rc h suppo rt fro m the Na tio na l I nstitute fo r Child He a lth a nd Huma n De ve lo pme nt (Pro je c t No . 5 R03 HD 42074-2), the W.T . Gra nt F

  • unda tio n, the Na tio na l

Po ve rty Ce nte r a t the Unive rsity o f Mic hig a n, the Unive rsity o f Ma ryla nd Ge ne ra l Re vie w Bo a rd, a nd the Purdue Re se a rc h F

  • unda tio n.

I mpo ssib le witho ut Wa yne Sa lte r, Wa ldo Jo hnso n, Wa lla c e Mc L a ug hlin, a nd E a rl Jo hnso n, a nd so ma ny o the r fa the rho o d pra c titio ne rs a nd re se a rc he rs. And e a c h a nd e ve ry o f the 150 fa the rs who sha re d the ir live s with us.