[PPT] - Spectroscopy of exotic states (Experimental aspects) Jens Sren PowerPoint Presentation

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Spectroscopy of exotic states (Experimental aspects)

Jens Sören Lange Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen SFB 1044 Summer School 29.08.–01.09.2017 Boppard, Germany

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

2

O U T L I N E

L

e c t u r e 1 : T h e P a s t a n d P r e s e n t

H
w

i t a l l b e g a n (

n

a p a r k i n g l

t

)

T

h e X , t h e Y a n d t h e Z

Wh

a t i s „ b e a m c

n

s t r a i n t “ ?

L

e c t u r e 2 : T h e F u t u r e

D

a l i t z f

r

m a l i s m : h

w

t

„

s e e “ q u a n t u m n u m b e r s

(

B

t

t

m
n

i u m : r e c

i

l m a s s , k i n e m a t i c r e fm e c t i

n

s  B A C K U P )

B

e l l e I I ( r e a d y t

t

a k e d a t a ? )

P

a n d a , a n X f a c t

r

y ! ( „ d e t a i l e d b a l a n c e “ )

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

3

e + e – C

l

l i s i

n

s a t S L A C ( 1 9 7 3 )

SPEAR

*

√s = 3 . 1 G e V

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

4

D i s c

v

e r y

f

C h a r m

n

i u m ( J / ψ)

2.5 3.0 3.5 m/GeV

S

L A C ( S t a n f

r

d ) M a r k I , R i c h t e r e t a l . e + e − → h a d r

n

s , e + e − , μ+μ–

B

N L ( B r

k

h a v e n ) E 5 9 8 , T i n g e t a l . p + A → [ e + e − ] X

n

e w , v e r y n a r r

w

s t a t e ( d e c a y t

l

i g h t m e s

n

s b l

c

k e d b y O Z I ) w i d t h ~ 1 k e V

e

x p e r i m e n t a l p r

f

f

r

e x i s t a n c e

f

4

t h

q u a r k

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

5

M A R K I g r

u

p r e a c t e d q u i c k l y → i t w a s f e a s i b l e t

m
d

i f y t h e a c c e l e r a t

r

, s

t

h a t t h e b e a m e n e r g i e s c

u

l d b e c h a n g e d t

1

Me V e v e r y m i n u t e . ≤

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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D i s c

v

e r y

f

’

first exited (n=2) state of J/
nly 3 weeks after J/
beginning of charmonium spectroscopy
Decay:

´ →J/ + 

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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c b c b L ~1 fm

1 gluon

Heavy Quarkonium

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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C h a r m

n

i u m v s . P

s

i t r

n

i u m

differences for higher states

ORTHO PARA Mass (relative) / MeV Binding Energy (relative) / eV

Dissociation → DD Dissociation → e+ e–

D e c a y s t

l

i g h t q u a r k s s u p p r e s s e d → n a r r

w

w i d t h s

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

9

C

r

n e l l – P

t

e n t i a l

C
u

l

m

b

P
t

e n t i a l + C

n

fj n e m e n t

T

e r m

s
l

v e S c h r ö d i n g e r e q u a t i

n

( q u a r k m a s s h e a v y  n

n
r

e l a t i v i s t i c )

k=1.5 GeV/fm k=0.5 GeV/fm

spin-spin spin-orbit tensor

N

t

a t i

n

n

2 S + 1

L

J

P C

E i c h t e n , G

t

t f r i e d , e t a l . P R D 1 7 ( 1 9 7 8 ) 3 9 B a r n e s , G

d

f r e y , S w a n s

n

, P R D 7 2 ( 2 5 ) 5 4 2 6

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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Q u a r k

n

i u m E x c i t e d S t a t e s

r a d i a l

n

r

b i t a l

L

s p i n

S

spectroscopic notations

n2S+1 L J JPC

parity charge conjugation

L = S , P , D , . . .

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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F i n d t h i s p

i

n t n u m e r i c a l l y !

„ t u r n i n g p

i

n t “

Wr

n

s k i d e t e r m i n a n t = z e r

R+ R-' − R- R+' = 0

Newton algorithm simple! →

e x p

n

e n t i a l t a i l

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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S S S P S P D D

R a d i a l Wa v e f u n c t i

n

s

C h a r m

n

i u m B

t

t

m
n

i u m

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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S p a t i a l d e n s i t y d i s t r i b u t i

n

s

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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O v e r a l l m a s s p r e c i s i

n

~ 2 −3 Me V C h a r m

n

i u m l i n e :

b

s e r v e d , d a s h e d : n

t
b

s e r v e d y e t

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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B

t

t

m
n

i u m O v e r a l l m a s s p r e c i s i

n

~ 1 Me V l i n e :

b

s e r v e d , d a s h e d : n

t
b

s e r v e d y e t

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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T h e a g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n p r e d i c t i

n

b y t h e p

t

e n t i a l m

d

e l a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l

b

s e r v a t i

n

i s a n d w a s e n c

u

r a g i n g ( l e v e l ~ 1 0³ , 2 ⁻ −3 M e V c

m

p a r e d t

m

a s s

f

3

1

G e V ) a n d h e a v y q u a r k h a d r

n

p h y s i c i s t s w e r e l i v i n g h a p p i l y . A b

u

t 3 y e a r s p a s s e d .

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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P a r k i n g L

t

B e l l e a n d K E K B , J a p a n

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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s y m m . a s y m m . → e x t e n d d e c a y l e n g t h

f

B m e s

n

s

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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The BELLE Detector

asymmetric

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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4 . 2 n b 3 . n b

„ c

n

t i n u u m “ Y ( 4 S ) „

n
r

e s

n

a n c e “

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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L u m i n

s

i t y

L>1 x 1034 s-1 cm-2

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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1 x 1 ³ s¹ c m ² ⁴ ⁻ ⁻ 1 b a r n = 1 0² c m ² ⁻ ⁴ 2 4 h

u

r s x 6 m i n x 6 s e c

n

d s x 1 / 1 ¹ b a r n¹ ⁰ ⁻ = 8 6 . 4 x 1 / 1 ¹ b a r n¹ ⁰ ⁻ ~ 1 / 1 ¹ b a r n¹ ⁵ ⁻ = 1 i n v e r s e f e m t

b

a r n p e r 1 d a y 1 n b c r

s

s s e c t i

n

x 1 . . n b

– 1

p e r 1 d a y = 1 . . Y ( 4 S ) p e r 1 d a y ! A l m

s

t e v e r y Y ( 4 S ) d e c a y s i n t

a

B a n t i

B

m e s

n

p a i r . → w e c a l l i t a „ B m e s

n

f a c t

r

y “

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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Example Events with Charmonium

J / e

+e 

J / μ+μ

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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J/ → e+e− J/ → μ+μ−

J/e+e–, μ+μ– I n v a r i a n t Ma s s

~10 MeV

r a d i a t i v e t a i l ( B r e m s s t r a h l u n g )

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

B Factory Detectors

25

Mu

n

I d e n t i fj c a t i

n

T h e g a p s a r e i n s t r u m e n t e d w i t h R P C s ( R e s i s t i v e P l a t e C h a m b e r s )

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

B Factory Detectors

26

K

l

n

g

D e t e c t i

n

, a l s

w

i t h t h e m u

n

d e t e c t

r

K

L

h i t s K

L

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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A d i fg e r e n c e b e t w e e n B a B a r a n d B e l l e : t h e C e r e n k

v

d e t e c t

r

s

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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B e l l e : A e r

g

e l C e r e n k

v

D e t e c t

r

S i O

2

d i fg fg e r e n t „ d e s i g n e d “ r e f r a c t i

n

i n d i c e s !

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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P a r t i c l e I n d e n t i fj c a t i

n

w i t h A e r

g

e l „ t h r e s h

l

d m

d

e “ ( B e l l e )

p u l s e h e i g h t / n u m b e r

f

p h

t
e

l e c t r

n

s a . u .

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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B a B a r D I R C ( D e t e c t i

n
f

i n t e r n a l l y r e fm e c t e d C e r e n k

v

l i g h t )

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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B e l l e S i l i c

n

V e r t e x D e t e c t

r

a b

u

t 1

5

r e a d

u

t c h a n n e l s v e r t e x r e s

l

u t i

n

i n b e a m d i r e c t i

n

Δz ~ 5 μm

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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5 μm

G . J . B a r k e r , b Q u a r k P h y s i c s a t L E P

P a r t i c l e D e t e c t i

n

w i t h S i l i c

n

V e r t e x D e t e c t

r

s s i n g l e s i d e d d

u

b l e s i d e d

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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110 μm x 5 μm x 0.35 cm

~ 2 μm r e s

l

u t i

n

~ 5 μm

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

34

c

1

, c

2

→ J / 

’→ J/ +-

c

1

c

2

f

t e n D O U B L E G A U S S I A N

R e c

n

s t r u c t i

n
f

h i g h e r c h a r m

n

i u m s t a t e s b y i n v a r i a n t m a s s

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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Wh y w e

f

t e n u s e d

u

b l e G a u s s i a n t

fj

t a s i g n a l : a . ) f

r

r e a l d a t a a n y e fg e c t , w h i c h i s n

t

i n M C , i s p a r a m e t r i z e d a s a n a d d i t i

n

a l G a u s s i a n b . ) i f a p e a k i s c

n

s t r u c t e d f r

m

t w

(
r

m

r

e ) d a u g h t e r p a r t i c l e s e a c h d a u g h t e r p a r t i c l e c

n

t r i b u t e s a s a G a u s s i a n ( i n p a r t i c u l a r , w h e n c

m

b i n i n g a n e u t r a l a n d a c h a r g e d p a r t i c l e )

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

36

Single Gaussian sigma 3.12 MeV double Gaussian sigma 2.00 MeV input value in generator: width 4.26 MeV

Signal MC

Note: narrow and wide Gaussian are forced to same mean.

E x a m p l e : ϕ K + K –

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

37

f r

m

r e s

n

a n c e t h e

r

y ( „ T m a t r i x “ ) : t h e p

l

e

f

a r e s

n

a n c e i s a c

m

p l e x n u m b e r : a r e a l p a r t ( m ) a n d a n i m a g i n a r y p a r t ( G)

B r e i t Wi g n e r S h a p e

i n p a r t i c u l a r f

r

p a r t i c l e s w i t h a n a t u r a l w i d t h c

m

p a r a b l e t

d

e t e c t

r

r e s

l

u t i

n

w i d t h m a y c h a n g e w i t h m ! ! !

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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V

i

g t i a n s h a p e B r e i t

Wi

g n e r a n d G a u s s , f

l

d e d

fits better

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

39

A t t e n t i

n

! n e v e r f

r

g e t t h e f a c t

r

2 w h e n y

u

c

m

p a r e w i d t h

f

B r e i t

Wi

g n e r a n d w i d t h

f

G a u s s i a n !

R . K . B

c

k , W. K r i s c h e r , T h e D a t a A n a l y s i s B r i e f B

k

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

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B e a m C

n

s t r a i n e d Ma s s m

B C

r

e n e r g y s u b s t i t u t e d m a s s m

E S

4

=

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

41

p x _ B c = j p s i _ v e c t

r

. x ( ) + p c m s [ k a

n

] . x ( ) + p c m s [ p i

n

1 ] . x ( ) + p c m s [ p i

n

2 ] . x ( ) ; p y _ B = j p s i _ v e c t

r

. y ( ) + p c m s [ k a

n

] . y ( ) + p c m s [ p i

n

1 ] . y ( ) + p c m s [ p i

n

2 ] . y ( ) ; p z _ B = j p s i _ v e c t

r

. z ( ) + p c m s [ k a

n

] . z ( ) + p c m s [ p i

n

1 ] . z ( ) + p c m s [ p i

n

2 ] . z ( ) ; e s u m _ B = j p s i _ v e c t

r

. e ( ) + p c m s [ k a

n

] . e ( ) + p c m s [ p i

n

1 ] . e ( ) + p c m s [ p i

n

2 ] . e ( ) ; d e l t a E = E C M/ 2 – e s u m _ B ; m a s s _ B = s q r t ( e s u m _ B * e s u m _ B – ( p x _ B * p x _ B + p y _ B * p y _ B + p z _ B * p z _ B ) ) ; m a s s _ B C = s q r t ( E C M* E C M/ 4 .

(

p x _ B * p x _ B + p y _ B * p y _ B + p z _ B * p z _ B ) ) ;

E C M c

m

e s f r

m

a c c e l e r a t

r

m e a s u r e m e n t .

B → K [ J / 12]

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

42

B m e s

n

i n v a r i a n t m a s s B e a m c

n

s t r a i n e d m a s s m

B C

r

e n e r g y s u b s t i t u t e d m a s s m

E S

5 . 2 8 G e V 5 . 2 8 G e V

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

43

S t a t i s t i c a l S i g n i fj c a n c e F i t S + B G F i t

n

l y B G ² = 4 2 . 8 ² = 7 3 . 4 S i g n i fj c a n c e = √(- 42.08 + 73.08) = 5.6 „sigma“ if „likelihood fjt“, then ² → 2ln(likelihood) U p p e r l i m i t ( < 3 s) , e v i d e n c e ( > 3 s) ,

b

s e r v a t i

n

( > 5 s)

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

44

2 fj t v s . l

g

l i k e l i h

d

fj t

S = √( 2 ( B ) – 2 ( S + B ) ) I f n u m b e r

f

e v e n t s i s s m a l l → P

i

s s

n

s t a t i s t i c s → e x p ( ) T e r m → l

g

l i k e l i h

d

i s b e t t e r t h a n 2 ( i n

t

h e r w

r

d s , r e m

v

i n g t h e s h a p e

f

e x p ( ) a n d m a k e i t fm a t , w h e n s e a r c h i n g f

r

t h e g l

b

a l m i n i m u m ) 2 = – 2 l n L + c

n

s t a n t ( d

n

' t f

r

g e t t h e m i n u s s i g n ! m i n i m u m 2 , b u t m a x i m u m l

g

l i k e l i h

d

) S = √( 2 ( – l n L( B ) – – l n L( S + B ) ) )

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

45

H O WT O s c a l e t h e s i g n i fj c a n c e

f
r

a k n

w

n r e s

n

a n c e ( c

n

t r

l

c h a n n e l ) m a s s a n d w i d t h a r e k n

w

n f r

m

P D G

n

l y y i e l d i s fm

a

t i n g → n d

f

= 1

f
r

a n e w r e s

n

a n c e ( m a y b e e x

t

i c ) n

t

h i n g i s k n

w

n m a s s , w i d t h , a n d y i e l d a r e fm

a

t i n g → n d

f

= 3 r u l e : w e m u s t s c a l e t h e s i g n i fj c a n c e c h i 2 = 5 2 . 5 8 f

r

a fj t w i t h n d

f

= 3 r

t

[ 4 ] T M a t h : : P r

b

( 4 2 . 8 , 3 ) ( D

u

b l e _ t ) 3 . 8 5 8 3 1 5 1 5 7 4 1 4 4 8 2 9 e

9

s e a r c h f

r

n e w c h i 2 w i t h s a m e p

v

a l u e , b u t n d

f

= 1

r

t

[ 6 8 ] T M a t h : : P r

b

( 3 4 . 6 9 4 , 1 ) / / c

r

r e c t e d c h i 2 ( D

u

b l e _ t ) 3 . 8 5 8 1 8 8 7 8 2 9 7 5 4 6 6 1 e

9

SLIDE 46

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

46

X ( 3 8 7 2 )

A molecular state?

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

47

P r

d

u c t b r a n c h i n g f r a c t i

n

s m a l l B( B d e c a y ) ´ B( X d e c a y ) ≃

1

– 5

J /  + –

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Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

48

B e l l e B a B a r L H C b C D F

I

I D C MS

B d e c a y s B d e c a y s i n c l u s i v e B d e c a y s i n c l u s i v e i n c l u s i v e

X ( 3 8 7 2 )

SLIDE 49

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

49

B e l l e B a B a r L H C b C D F

I

I D C MS

B d e c a y s B d e c a y s i n c l u s i v e B d e c a y s i n c l u s i v e i n c l u s i v e

X ( 3 8 7 2 ) T h i s i s B m e s

n

d e c a y s T h i s i s n

t

s i m p l y i n v a r i a n t m a s s , b u t fj t t e d m

B C

y i e l d ( f

r

a g i v e n m a s s b i n ) m a n y fj t s ! T r i c k : s u b t r a c t t h e J /  m a s s ( s

t

h e e x p e r i m e n t a l r e s

l

u t i

n
f

t h e J /  i s „ t a k e n

u

t “ ) T h i s i s „ i n c l u s i v e “ p r

d

u c t i

n

( n

t

B d e c a y s ) T h i s i s i n v a r i a n t m a s s . J /  m a s s i s n

t

s u b t r a c t e d .

SLIDE 50

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

50

X ( 3 8 7 2 J / e v e n t

c

a n y

u

„ s e e “ t h e  s h a p e ?

SLIDE 51

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

51

Wh a t d

w

e k n

w

a b

u

t t h e X ( 3 8 7 2 ) ?

1++ 2-+

L H C b , P h y s . R e v . L e t t . 1 1 ( 2 1 3 ) 2 2 2 1



O b s e r v e d b y 7 e x p e r i m e n t s



O b s e r v e d i n 5 d e c a y c h a n n e l s



v e r y n e a r t

D

D * t h r e s h

l

d E

B

= . 1 ±0 . 1 8 Me V b u t D D * d e c a y s d

m

i n a n t ( f a c t

r

~ 1 )



G£1 . 2 Me V → v e r y n a r r

w

( B e l l e , b y 3

d

i m

v

e r c

n

s t r a i n e d fj t )



J

P C

= 1

+ +

C

r

n e l l

p
t

e n t i a l : c

1

'

B a r n e s e t a l . ,

Phys. Rev. D72(2005)054026

→ p r e d i c t e d m a s s ³5 Me V h i g h e r → p r e d i c t e d w i d t h f a c t

r

³1 l a r g e r



i s

s

p i n v i

l

a t i n g d e c a y s

SLIDE 52

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

52

MO L E C U L E

I s t h e X ( 3 8 7 2 ) e x

t

i c ?

P I O N

D D *

P I O N

I n t r i g u i n g A n a l

g
n

1 . 8 G e V 2 G e V 1 G e V 1 G e V

n p

Tornqvist; Swanson; Braaten, Kusonoki, Wong; Voloshin; Close, Page Guo, Hanhart, Meissner

T E T R A Q U A R K

Maiani, Riquer, Piccinini, Polosa, Burns; Ebert, Faustov, Galkin; Chiu, Hsieh; Ali, Hambrock, Wang

D i q u a r k s a r e c

l
r

e d

Bugg; Swanson

X ( 3 8 7 2 ) D D * J /  

T H R E S H O L D C U S P

Q q q Q

[ q Q ]

8

[ q Q ]

8

SLIDE 53

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53

G e V a l m

s

t n

n
n
r

e s

n

a n t p h a s e s p a c e c

m

p

n

e n t ! d

m

i n a t e d b y r0 ( ~ 1 % ) ! I S O S P I N V I O L A T I N G 2 p a r t i c l e d e c a y ( b a c k

t
b

a c k ) , n

t

a 3

p

a r t i c l e d e c a y !

B e l l e , a r X i v : h e p

e

x / 5 5 3 8

S u b r e s

n

a n t s t r u c t u r e

f

X ( 3 8 7 2 ) → J / [+–]

SLIDE 54

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

54

I s

s

p i n v i

l

a t i n g c h a r m

n

i u m t r a n s i s t i

n

s

O n l y 2 d e c a y s f

r

c h a r m

n

i u m m e a s u r e d i n P D G

b u t b r a n c h i n g f r a c t i

n
f

B

( X ( 3 8 7 2 ) → J / r)is order of ~5–10% factor ~102 too large

SLIDE 55

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

55

P h y s R e v D 8 4 ( 2 1 1 ) 5 2 4

w i t h

u

t r/w i n t e r f e r e n c e w i t h r/w i n t e r f e r e n c e

B e l l e 7 1 1 f b

– 1

I s t h e r e i s

s

p i n i n s i d e t h e X ( 3 8 7 2 ) ?

( p r

p
s

e d b y T e r a s a k i , P r

g

. T h e

r

. P h y s . 1 2 2 ( 2 1 ) 1 2 8 5 )

N

e

v i d e n c e . S i g n i fj c a n t r/w i n t e r f e r e n c e c a n e x p l a i n l i n e s h a p e .

SLIDE 56

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56

u p p e r l i m i t

n

w i d t h ( B e l l e I ) , G< 1 . 2 Me V f

r

p u r e c

1

' c h a r m

n

i u m s t a t e , p r e d i c t i

n

G= 4 k e V

G . Y . C h e n , J . P . Ma , a r X i v : 8 2 . 2 9 8 2 [ h e p

p

h ] , P h y s . R e v . D 7 7 ( 2 8 ] 9 7 5 1 .

i f m

l

e c u l e

m

u s t b e l a r g e r t h a n w i d t h

f

D * G>8 2 . 3 ± 1 . 2 ± 1 . 4 k e V

E . B r a a t e n , a r X i v : 7 1 1 . 1 8 5 4 [ h e p

p

h ] , P h y s . R e v . D 7 7 ( 2 8 ) 3 4 1 9 .

l
n

g

r

a n g e m

l

e c u l a r c

m

p

n

e n t s i n t h e w a v e f u n c t i

n

?

→ m e a s u r e t h e w i d t h

f

t h e X ( 3 8 7 2 ) i n t h e s u b

Me

V r e g i m e

Wh a t i m p

r

t a n t k n

w

l e d g e i s m i s s i n g ? → Wi d t h

f

X ( 3 8 7 2 )

SLIDE 57

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

57

X ( 3 8 7 2 ) Wi d t h Me a s u r e m e n t a t B e l l e I

3-dim fit → kinematical over-constraint provides access to observables smaller than detector resolution

MBC /GeV M(J/ + − )/GeV ΔE/GeV

B+

X(3872) → J/ + −

Belle, Phys. Rev. D84(2011)052004

SLIDE 58

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

58

R e f e r e n c e A n a l y s i s : B K ´ , ´  J /  +−

factor ~10 more statistics than X(3872) use as reference signal →  fix resolution parameters → fix absolute mass scale (MC/data shift +0.92±0.06 MeV)

MBC /GeV M(J/ + − )/GeV ΔE/GeV MBC /GeV M(J/ + − )/GeV ΔE/GeV

B+ B0

SLIDE 59

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59

Me a s u r e m e n t

f

w i d t h

f

X ( 3 8 7 2 )

C
r

r e l a t i

n

f u n c t i

n

f r

m

MC G(

u

t p u t ) = f (

G(

i n p u t ) )

3
d

i m fj t s v a l i d a t e d w i t h ´ w i d t h G´ = . 5 2 ±0 . 1 1 Me V

( P D G . 3 4 ±0 . 9 Me V ) 

b i a s . 2 3 ±0 . 1 1 Me V

p

r

c

e d u r e f

r

u p p e r l i m i t : w i d t h i n 3

d

i m fj t fj x e d n

s i g n a l

a n d n

B G

fm

a

t i n g  c a l c u l a t e l i k e l i h

d
GX

( 3 8 7 2 )

< . 9 5 Me V + b i a s

i

m p l i c a t i

n

: w i d t h

f

X ( 3 8 7 2 ) c a n b e m e a s u r e d a t B e l l e I I w i t h s y s t , e r r

r

±1 1 k e V ( P A N D A , e x p e c t e d fj t e r r

r

±1 5 – 2 k e V )

G(input) / MeV G(output) / MeV

MC

90% 1.2 MeV

SLIDE 60

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

60

X ( 3 8 7 2 ) i n B d e c a y s

Jq=½ Jq=½ X(3872)

vector or axial-vector

Jq=½ JW=1

SLIDE 61

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61

Exercise: B → K X(3872) 0− → 0− 1+ parity (−1) → parity (−1) x (+1) x (−1)L

SLIDE 62

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62

Exercise: B → K X(3872) 0− → 0− 1+ parity (−1) → parity (−1) x (+1) x (−1)L We need L=1 to create J=1, but this violates parity. The X(3872) is created in a parity violating weak decay.

SLIDE 63

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63

Y ( 4 2 6 )

a gluonic hybrid state?

Note: recent notation by PDG as X(4260)

SLIDE 64

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

64

Y ( 4 2 6 )

i

n i t i a l s t a t e r a d i a t i

n

e v e n t s e

+e 

J / + – ( u n d e t e c t e d  p a r a l l e l t

b

e a m a x i s )

m

a s s > 4 G e V f a r a b

v

e D ( * ) D ( * ) t h r e s h

l

d s d e c a y t

J

/ + – s h

u

l d b e s u p p r e s s e d

w

i d t h < 1 Me V q u i t e n a r r

w

f

r

s u c h a h i g h s t a t e

q

u a n t u m n u m b e r s m u s t b e ( b a s e d u p

n

p r

d

u c t i

n

m e c h a n i s m )

J

P C

= 1

– –

Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(2005)142001

SLIDE 65

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

65

Y ( 4 2 6 ) P a r a m e t e r s

SLIDE 66

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66

B E S I I I E x p e r i m e n t a t B E P C I I ( s y m m e t r i c ! ) S u p e r c

n

d u c t i n g s

l

e n

i

d B = 1 T n

s

i l i c

n

v e r t e x d e t e c t

r

, b e c a u s e

n

l y D m e s

n

s

( n

s

e p a r a t i

n
f

B m e s

n

s a n d D m e s

n

s r e q u i r e d ) n

C

e r e n k

v

d e t e c t

r

( t i m e

f
fm

i g h t s u ffj c i e n t f

r

K /  s e p a r a t i

n

, l

w

m

m

e n t u m )

SLIDE 67

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67

MARK I, 1977 e+e– → ' → J/+– √s=3868 MeV BESIII, 2013 e+e– → Y(4260) → J/+– √s=4260 MeV

e+e– → Y(4260) → J/+–a t B E S I I I

B E S I I I , P R L 1 1 ( 2 1 3 ) 2 5 2 1

SLIDE 68

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68

I s t h e Y ( 4 2 6 ) e x

t

i c ?

Q Q g

H Y B R I D

Zhu; Kou, Pene; Close, Page; Lattice QCD, Bernard et al.; Mei, Luo

T E T R A Q U A R K

h i g h e r e x c i t a t i

n

?

Ma i a n i , R i q u e r , P i c c i n i n i , P

l
s

a , B u r n s

MO L E C U L E

Q q Q q P I O N

h e a v i e r m e s

n

s ( D D

1

( 2 4 6 ) ) ?

[ S w a n s

n

, R

s

n e r , C l

s

e G u

,

H a n h a r t , Me i s s n e r

H A D R O

C

H A R MO N I U M [ J /  f ( 9 8 ) ]

Q Q

q q q q q   q q   q q   q

B a B a r , P h y s . R e v . D 8 6 ( 2 1 2 ) 5 1 1 2 Voloshin, Li (Guo, Hanhart, Meissner)

Q q q Q

[ Q Q ]

8

g

SLIDE 69

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

E v e n t s / 2 M e V E v e n t s / 2 M e V E v e n t s / 2 5 M e V E v e n t s / 5 Me V

M( J /  +− ) / G e V M( J /  +− ) / G e V M(  ´ +− ) / G e V M(  ´ +− ) / G e V

e+e– → ISR J/ () +- : Y(4008,4260,4350,4660)

not seen

SLIDE 70

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70

Wh a t i s t h e t a i l a r

u

n d 4 . 7 G e V ?

T

h r e s h

l

d m ( D ) + m ( D * * ) = 4 3 2 6 Me V L i n e s h a p e d i s t

r

t e d ? N

.
N
n
c
r

r e c t e d r a d i a t i v e e fg e c t s ? N

.

R a d i a t i v e l

w

e r m a s s t a i l i n J /  → e

+

e

−

m i g h t g e n e r a t e h i g h e r m a s s t a i l i n m ( J / - w i t h

w

r

n

g

m

a s s +−) .

F

i t f u n t i

n

: B r e i t Wi g n e r x P h a s e s p a c e x E ffj c i e n c y

E ffj c i e n c y a ( m

m

) + b w i t h a = 7 . 4 ±1 . 3 G e V

− 1

, b = 9 . 3 1 § . 7 ( B e l l e )

c h a n g e s f a c t

r

~ 2

v

e r p e a k

Belle, hep-ex/0612006

SLIDE 71

Sören Lange | Exotic States (Experiment) | SFB 1044 Summer School, Boppard, 08/2017

71

O v e r p

p

u l a t i

n
f

1 S t a t e s ⁻⁻

No more [J/ + − ] state up to 7 GeV

1 −−

Belle

All same quantum number but apparently

no mixing with other  states
no mixing among them

Y(4260) seems not decay to ´ + − Y(4350) seems not decay to J/ + − Note: radiative transitions between the states forbidden by parity

SLIDE 72

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72

Y ( 4 2 6 ) : C

m

p a r i s

n

B e l l e a n d B a B a r

B

a B a r c

l

l i s i

n

s h e a d

n

, d i p

l

e m a g n e t c l

s

e t

I

R

B

e l l e : ±1 1 m r a d

s

l i g h t l y h i g h e r b a c k g r

u

n d a t B a B a r ( a l s

s

e e n a s MR a d S V D r a d i a t i

n

d

s

e )

b

a c k w a r d a c c e p t a n c e f

r

~ 1 8

l

i m i t e d

hep-ex/0612006, 553/fb arXiv:0808.1543, 454/fb

Belle Belle

CMS polar angle of Y(4260) to e− beam

SLIDE 73

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73

Wh a t i s t h e Y ( 4 2 6 ) ? A h y b r i d ?

[ Q Q ]

8

g

SLIDE 74

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74

D

e

s t h e Y ( 4 2 6 ) d e c a y t

e

+ e − ?

v

e r y s m a l l c

u

p l i n g t

e

+ e − ( a l t h

u

g h J

P

= 1 ––) B R ( J /  + −) x G( e

+

e

−)

= ( 7 . 5 ±0 . 9 ±0 . 8 ) e V B a B a r , a r X i v : 8 8 . 1 5 4 3

T

h i s i s a p a r t i a l w i d t h

f

t h e

r

d e r „ e V “

f

a s t a t e w h i c h i s ~ 1 Me V t

t

a l w i d t h ! → f a c t

r

1 s u p p r e s s e d ⁸ Wh a t i s b l

c

k i n g t h e s e d e c a y s ? ( m a y b e t h e g l u

n

i c s t r i n g ? ) Q Q g

SLIDE 75

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75

Z ( 4 4 3 )

+

SLIDE 76

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76

B0 → K+ ' – '→J/ ⁺ ⁻



SLIDE 77

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77

K*(892) K*(1430)

B0 → K+ ' – '→J/ ⁺ ⁻

SLIDE 78

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78

K*(892) K*(1430)

B0 → K+ ' – '→J/ ⁺ ⁻

SLIDE 79

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79

A c h a r g e d s t a t e c a n n e v e r b e a c h a r m

n

i u m s t a t e .

SLIDE 80

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80

Z ( 4 4 3 )

+

BaBar

Phys. Rev. D79(2008)112001

413/fb Belle

Phys. Rev. D80(2009)031104

605/fb

SLIDE 81

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81

Z ( 4 4 3 )

+

BaBar

Phys. Rev. D79(2008)112001

413/fb Belle

Phys. Rev. D80(2009)031104

605/fb

C a n y

u

s e e s

m

e t h i n g m a y b e w r

n

g ?

L

k

c l

s

e r !

SLIDE 82

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82

c1 ±

B e l l e , P h y s . R e v D 8 ( 2 9 ) 3 1 1 4 B e l l e , P h y s . R e v D 7 8 ( 2 8 ) 7 2 4

not confirmed by BaBar not confirmed by BaBar

Z ( 4 4 3 )

+ 6

. 4 s 13.2s Z

1

, Z

2

D O U B L E T

SLIDE 83

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83

I s t h e Z + ( 4 4 3 ) a k i n e m a t i c a l e fg e c t ? T R U E !

L

n

g d i s c u s s i

n

b e t w e e n B e l l e a n d B a B a r ( 2 7 – 2 1 4 )

SLIDE 84

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84

MC w i t h a n g u l a r c

r

r e l a t i

n

s c a n d e s c r i b e d a t a w e l l . N

Z

+

s t a t e s i n r e d l i n e ( M C ) r e q u i r e d !

B a B a r , a r X i v : 1 1 1 1 . 5 9 1 9 , P h y s . R e v . D 8 5 ( 2 1 2 ) 5 2 3