Species R. Muniappan Director, Innovation Lab: CRP-IPM Virginia - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Globalization of IPM Technologies and Management of Invasive Species

• R. Muniappan

Director, Innovation Lab: CRP-IPM Virginia Tech March 11, 2014 Office of International Research, Education, and Development, Virginia Tech

Southeast Asia West Africa South Asia East Africa Central Asia Latin America and Caribbean

IP IPM CRS RSP P Host t Countr untry Regions ions in 2009 009–20 2014 6 Regions ions | 17 Countries untries

Kenya Uganda Tanzania

India Nepal Bangladesh

Indonesia Cambodia Philippines

Tajikistan

Honduras Guatemala Ecuador

Senegal Ghana Mali

IPM package for tomato

• Seed or seedling treatment with Trichoderma,

Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis

• Use of neem cake and other organics
• Selecting resistant varieties and disease-free

seeds

• Grafting on resistant rootstock for bacterial wilt,

Fusarium, nematodes and others

• Staking and mulching
• Yellow sticky traps for thrips, leafminers,

whiteflies, etc.

• Pheromone traps for Helicoverpa, Spodoptera

and fruit flies

• Rogueing and host-free period adoption for

control of virus diseases

• Use of biopesticides such as neem
• Multiplication of parasitoids and predators for

inundative releases

• Production and use of microbial pesticides such

as NPV, Metarhizium, and Beauveria

• Eggpla

lant nt and tomato

• grafting

ng in Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Uganda, Mali, Senegal and others

• Tricho

choder derma ma in Nepal, India, Kenya, Bangladesh, Cambodia and others

• Bio and microb
• bial

al pesticide des in Nepal, India, Indonesia,, Bangladesh, and others

• Pheromon
• mones

s traps in Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Kenya and others

• Pa

Parasitoi

• ids

s and Predator

• rs

s in India, Bangladesh, Tanzania, Honduras and

• thers

IPM tec techno nologies logies pri rivatized ized and sca cale led d up

Trichoderma and Pseudomonas

Trichoderma and Pseudomonas production in India Trichoderma production in Nepal Trichoderma production in Bangladesh Trichoderma production in Indonesia

State Place of Production

Kerala Kottayam, Manarcadu, Moonar, Trivandrum, Palghat Karnataka Mysore, Hyderabad, Secunderabad, Guntur Maharashtra Yavatmal, Pune, Mumbai, Nashik, AP Vijayawada, Vishakhapatnam, Nellore, Rajasthan Nohar, Jaipur MP Mandasur, Indore West Bengal Medinipur, Bollygunje, Calcutta Gujarat Gujarat Tamil Nadu Coimbatore, Chennai, Theni, Others Varanasi, Ghaziabad, Allahabad

Total Firms 86 – Production capacity: 17200 tonnes/annum

Private sector in India producing Trichoderma with the strain received from TNAU

Production and distribution of quality seeds

• Virus-free and virus-

tolerant varieties

• Bacterial wilt-resistant

varieties

• Heat-tolerant varieties
• Good quality seeds
• Suitable to local conditions

Seed-borne Virus Diseases Workshop – Kathmandu, Nepal, April 7-11, 2014 International Seed-borne Diseases Workshop – Hyderabad, India, June 2-5, 2014

Use of trays and coconut dust for production of healthy seedlings

Eggplant grafting in Bangladesh:

• Eggplant yield ↑ 249% in Bangladesh
• Income ↑ 305% in Bangladesh
• Technology transferred from

Uganda to Ohio

• Technology transferred to India, Nepal,

Philippines, Uganda, Honduras, Ecuador, and Kenya

Eggplant and tomato grafting to overcome Bacterial wilt

Bacterial wilt and papaya mealybug workshop Dakar, Senegal, May 12-16, 2014

Production and use of pheromones

Pheromone production in India Pheromone use in India Pheromone use in Bangladesh

Production of biological control agents

NPV production in India Parasitoid production in Bangladesh Predaceous mites production in Honduras Mass culture of insects for insect pathogen production An egg parasitoid

Production of biopesticides

Bollcure – prepared from eucalyptus leaves by TERI, India

Neem trees Neem seed extract in Indonesia

Biopesticides Workshop, Kathmandu/Chitwan, Nepal, last week of May or Early June, 2014

Peanut bud necrosis virus of tomato

• Transmitted by thrips
• Common in India
• Rogueing is effective in

controlling this virus

Peanut bud necrosis virus-infected tomato

Unrogued field Rogued field

Papaya mealybug: Paracoccus marginatus

• Native to Mexico
• First described in 1992
• Caribbean: 1995-2000
• Pacific: 2000-2005
• Asia: 2008
• West Africa: 2009

IPM Innovation Lab prevented its introduction to Nepal by controlling it in southern India. Benefit to India: $500 million to $1.37 billion.

Cassava mealybug in Indonesia Tuta absoluta in Senegal and Ethiopia Groundnut leafminer damage in Uganda Banana leaf-roller in Nepal and India

Invasive species

Current Invasive areas of Tuta absoluta

Invasive weed: Parthenium hysterophorus

• For the biological control of Parthenium,

built a quarantine facility in Ethiopia

• Imported Zygogramma bicolorata
• Host specificity tests completed
• EA completed
• Started field release in October 2013

Spreading in Eastern and Southern Africa

Zygogramma bicolorata Parthenium-infested field

Country and Authors Crop IPM Practice(s) Net Benefits (millions)

Uganda, Moyo et al, 2007 Peanuts Virus resistant variety $33-36 Mali, Nouhoheflin, et al, 2011 Tomato Cultural $21-24 Uganda, Debass, 2000 Beans and maize Cultural $36-202 Bangladesh, Debass, 2000 Eggplant, cabbage Cultural practices $26-29 Bangladesh, Rakshit et al, 2011 Cucurbits Pheromone traps $3-6 Ecuador, Baez, 2004 Plantain Cultural $59-63 Ecuador, Quishpe, 2001 Potatoes Resistant variety $50 Albania, Daku, 2002 Olives Cultural $39-52 Honduras, Sparger, et al, 2011 Eggplant, onion, tomato, and pepper Cultural practices $17 India, Myrick, et al, 2014 Mulberry, papaya, cassava Papaya mealybug parasitoid release $500 - 1,370

Sele lected Im Impacts of

• f th

the IPM IPM IL IL

IPM PM CRS RSP P Cost: st: Benef enefit it Ra Ratio tio

• IPM CRSP Budget for 20 Years

$50 Million

• Benefits from IPM CRSP

$784 to 1,849 Millions

• Cost:Benefit

1:15 to 37

(This ratio is based on impact assessment of 10 IPM technologies implemented in 10 countries. Over 100 more technologies implemented are yet to be assessed. Assessing these may lead to a ratio of 1:150 to 300)

Women coffee growers in Nepal

Members of a women coffee- grower’s association meet to discuss the group’s latest activities.

Thank You!