Spatial knowledge acquisition with Mobile map, Language Haosheng - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

spatial knowledge acquisition with mobile map language
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Spatial knowledge acquisition with Mobile map, Language Haosheng - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Spatial knowledge acquisition with Mobile map, Language Haosheng Huang Manuela Schmidt and Augmented Reality Georg Gartner Research Group Cartography Vienna University of Technology http://cartography.tuwien.ac.at Background Ways2navigate


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Haosheng Huang Manuela Schmidt Georg Gartner

Research Group Cartography Vienna University of Technology http://cartography.tuwien.ac.at

Spatial knowledge acquisition with Mobile map, Language and Augmented Reality

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Background

Ways2navigate project …

… investigating the suitability of mobile map, language, and Augmented Reality (AR) for communicating route information to pedestrians

Three iterative field tests …

… how these technologies can help to reduce congitive load during wayfinding … how these technologies influence the acquisition of spatial knowledge

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Spatial Knowledge Acquisition

Spatial knowledge …

… essential for wayfinding and other spatial tasks

The effect of navigation systems on spatial knowledge acquisition …

… people would get lost when navigation systems fail

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Research Goal

Empirically studying the differences in spatial knowledge acquisition …

… with different presentation forms: mobile map, language and AR … in the context of GPS-based pedestrian navigation … in an urban environment

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Methodology: Test Route

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Methodology: Test Persons

24 test persons …

… 13 female, 11 male, age range 22-63 yrs (mean: 40) … divided into three groups … within subject design (72 person/sub-route pairs)

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Methodology: Materials

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Turn right and use the cross-walk towards the hotel. Mobile map Augmented Reality Language

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Methodology: Tasks

Part 1: Route following…

… movement and interaction with the system are logged

Part 2: Reaching the end of each sub-route …

… pointing to the start point … drawing a sketch map … marking the half of the sub-route

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Data Analysis

Considering unfamiliarity …

… 24 person/sub-route paris (8 mobile map, 8 language, 8 AR)

Sketch maps (focusing on topological aspects) …

… sketched landmarks … missing/wrong/unnecessary turns

The pointing task: sense of direction

… the deviation between correct and pointed direction

Marking half of the route: sense of distance

… a grading system

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Results: Number of Sketched Landmarks

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ANOVA (analysis of variance) test: no significant difference in number of sketched landmarks across conditions,F(2,21) =1.63, p = 0.22 … 78% of sketched landmarks in “language” condition are mentioned in the verbal wayfinding instruction … Landmarks are not explicitly highlighted in “mobile map” and “AR”

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Results: Missing/wrong turns in sketch map

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ANOVA test: no significant difference in number of wrong turns across conditions, F(2,21) =1.60, p = 0.31 … in “AR” and “Language”, turns are not presented in a spatial-related overview context

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Results: Sense of Direction

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ANOVA test: no significant difference in sense of direction across conditions, F(2,21) = 1.23, p = 0.23 … “AR” suffers from the poor GPS signal: confusion … in “mobile map” condition, subjects seldom used the zooming function

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Results: Sense of Distance

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ANOVA test: no significant difference in sense

  • f distance across

conditions, F (2,21) = 0.3, p = 0.74 … For all three conditions, the knowledge on sense of distance is mainly gained from sensual perception of real world (not from presentation forms)

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Summary of the Results

Compared to “language” and “AR”, using “mobile map” leads to better spatial knowledge acquisition, reflecting by …

… more accuracy in pointing the start point … more accuracy in sketching turns … more accuracy in marking the half of the route … however, no significant differences

No clear results on sketched landmarks …

… landmarks are not explicitly highlighted in “mobile map” and “AR”

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Work in Progress: 2nd Iteration

  • Improving the navigation systems: mobile map,

language, and AR

  • Refining the methodology

… differentiate three kinds of spatial knowledge (landmark, route and survey knowledge)

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Open Research Questions

Do users care about spatial knowledge acquisition?

… If yes, how can we design a navigation system which not

  • nly efficiently guides users from A to B, but also enables

them to acquire spatial knowledge during navigation?

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Thank you!

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Haosheng Huang Manuela Schmidt Georg Gartner

Research Group Cartography Vienna University of Technology http://cartography.tuwien.ac.at