Some interesting features of the Polish language in Grammatical - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nominal Phrase Summary

Some interesting features of the Polish language in Grammatical Framework

Adam Slaski

Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics University of Warsaw

TYPES, 2010

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary

Outline

1

Nominal Phrase NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Outline

1

Nominal Phrase NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

The problem

From the previous talk we have a basic concept about GF. One non trivial example: Nominal Phrase in Polish. Polish is a Slavic language, so NP is much different than in Western European languages.

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Gentle introduction to Polish

Polish noun is inflected by case and number. Polish noun has gender. No articles (the, a, an) in Polish. Free word order.

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Gentle introduction to Polish

Polish noun is inflected by case and number. Polish noun has gender. No articles (the, a, an) in Polish. Free word order.

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Cases in English

As a matter of fact cases are present also in English: I saw him. (not: he) He saw me. (not: I)

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Inflection of Polish Noun

We have 7 cases and 2 numbers. That makes 14 forms of every noun. For example let’s consider a word pies (dog): Case Singular Plural Nominative pies psy Genitive psa psów Dative psu psom Accusative psa psy Instrumental psem psami Locative psie psach Vocative psie! psy!

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

How do we use cases

He gives a bone to a dog. On daje ko´ s´ c(Acc) psu(Dat). As we have a free word order the last one is equivalent to On dał psu ko´ s´ c, Psu on ko´ s´ c dał, etc. He walks with a dog. On idzie z psem(Inst). He sees a dog. On widzi psa(Acc). He sees five dogs. On widzi pi˛ e´ c psów(Plural, Gen).

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

How do we use cases

He gives a bone to a dog. On daje ko´ s´ c(Acc) psu(Dat). As we have a free word order the last one is equivalent to On dał psu ko´ s´ c, Psu on ko´ s´ c dał, etc. He walks with a dog. On idzie z psem(Inst). He sees a dog. On widzi psa(Acc). He sees five dogs. On widzi pi˛ e´ c psów(Plural, Gen).

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

How do we use cases

He gives a bone to a dog. On daje ko´ s´ c(Acc) psu(Dat). As we have a free word order the last one is equivalent to On dał psu ko´ s´ c, Psu on ko´ s´ c dał, etc. He walks with a dog. On idzie z psem(Inst). He sees a dog. On widzi psa(Acc). He sees five dogs. On widzi pi˛ e´ c psów(Plural, Gen).

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

How do we use cases

He gives a bone to a dog. On daje ko´ s´ c(Acc) psu(Dat). As we have a free word order the last one is equivalent to On dał psu ko´ s´ c, Psu on ko´ s´ c dał, etc. He walks with a dog. On idzie z psem(Inst). He sees a dog. On widzi psa(Acc). He sees five dogs. On widzi pi˛ e´ c psów(Plural, Gen).

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Outline

1

Nominal Phrase NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

What is a Nominal Phrase

Simply it is a black box that provides some functions and attributes of given types. English NP: s : case → string agreement : bool (agreement with a verb: I do / he does) Polish NP: s : case → string n : Number g : Gender

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

What is a Nominal Phrase

Simply it is a black box that provides some functions and attributes of given types. English NP: s : case → string agreement : bool (agreement with a verb: I do / he does) Polish NP: s : case → string n : Number g : Gender

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

What is a Nominal Phrase

Simply it is a black box that provides some functions and attributes of given types. English NP: s : case → string agreement : bool (agreement with a verb: I do / he does) Polish NP: s : case → string n : Number g : Gender

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

What is inside the black box - example 1

Tree for these five men

DetCN : NP DetQuant : Det UseN : CN this_Quant : Quant NumCard : Num n5 : Digit man_N : N

A method may operate on attributes of its node’s direct

• children. Parameters come from the parent node.

GF compiler creates a copy of a record for every possible combination of values of children’s attributes.

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

What is inside the black box - example 2

Tree for a man

DetCN : NP DetQuant : Det UseN : CN IndefArt : Quant NumSg : Num man_N : N

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

easy part: linearization in English

DetQuant.s = quant.s(num.number) + num.s DetQuant.number = num.number DetCN.s = λ case . det.s + cn.s(case, det.number) For example: this_Quant.s(Sg) = this this_Quant.s(Pl) = these NumCard(n5).s = five NumCard(n5).number = Pl DetQuant.s = these five DetCN.s = λ case . these five + cn.s(case, Pl)

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

hard part: linearization in Polish

Problem are modifiers. Natural solution: DetQuant.mod : Case → Case DetCN.s = λ case . det.s(case, cn.gender)+ cn.s(det.mod(case), det.number) Unfortunately, space of possible values is quite big: 77 = 823543. This is all computed statically, so number of possible variants of DetCN is gender × number × modification = 3 × 2 × 823543. That makes parsing impossible.

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

hard part: linearization in Polish

Problem are modifiers. Natural solution: DetQuant.mod : Case → Case DetCN.s = λ case . det.s(case, cn.gender)+ cn.s(det.mod(case), det.number) Unfortunately, space of possible values is quite big: 77 = 823543. This is all computed statically, so number of possible variants of DetCN is gender × number × modification = 3 × 2 × 823543. That makes parsing impossible.

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

hard part: linearization in Polish 2

Two possible solutions: Optimize code Employ extra linguistic knowledge There are only 5 models of case modification. The new number

• f variants is

gender × number × modification = 3 × 2 × 5 = 30. Therefore parsing is possible.

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary NP in Polish NP in GF Resource Library

hard part: linearization in Polish 2

Two possible solutions: Optimize code Employ extra linguistic knowledge There are only 5 models of case modification. The new number

• f variants is

gender × number × modification = 3 × 2 × 5 = 30. Therefore parsing is possible.

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF

Nominal Phrase Summary

Summary

Even though NP varies from language to language it can be unified with GF You can try it on my web page: http://www.mimuw.edu.pl/~asl/gf Thank you for your attention!

Adam Slaski Some interesting features of the Polish language in GF