Solid State Batteries for Medical Devices and Sensors Denis Pasero, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Solid State Batteries for Medical Devices and Sensors

Denis Pasero, Product Commercialisation Manager Medical Battery Conference 17 Nov 2017 Düsseldorf, Germany

Presentation structure

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Challenges for Powering Medical Devices
• 3. Energy Solutions
• 4. Charging Solutions and Energy Harvesting
• 5. Stereax Solid State Batteries

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Introduction to Ilika

Ilika’s unique ability to rapidly discover new materials for the energy and electronics sectors

Creat ated ed

Innovation in Solid State Batteries used in many applications Medi edical cal Intern nternet t of Things ings Harsh h Envir ironmen ments ts

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IoT healthcare/medical market

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161M

by 20201

Global IoT devices in healthcare sector

$410M

By 20221

Global IoT healthcare investment

Gro rowing ng Mark rket St Stream am of FDA appro roval als Segme gmenta ntati tion

1 – Business Insider 2 – Grand View Research 3 – Data Bridge Market Research 4 – SATPR News 5 – Star Tribune

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Powering the Wireless Body Area Networks

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Epidermal electronic patches (vital body signs) Drug Delivery Implantable devices

Cardiac Fluid flow

Neuro-stimulators

Parkinson’s disease Essential tremor Dystonia Chronic Pain OCD

Opthalmic

Smart contact lenses Cataract correction, glucose monitoring

Orthodontics

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2 - Challenges for Powering Medical Devices

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Challenges for powering medical sensors

Small-size unobtrusive, “invisible”, beacons for hard-to-reach places. Long life Reliability Safety, biocompatibility Low self-discharge for extended storage Let’s discuss these challenges in relation to use cases

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Trends towards miniaturisation. Unobtrusive devices. Device shape & size dominated by battery, or custom solutions.

Specific challenges: size and form factor

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Specific challenges: energy

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+ Small size (0.1 cm3) + Lower cost

• Lower capacity

(250 mAh)

• Need charging or EH

Primary

• Large size (10cm3)
• Larger cost

+ Large capacity (10 mAh)

+ No need for charging

Secondary Depends on use & available charging source or harvested energy “Accumulated Energy” = Capacity for one cycle x number of cycles

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Specific challenge: power

BLE Beacons Passive Tags Semi-Active Tags Active Tags Smart Cards Fitness Patches WSN- Wi-Fi/ZigBee

• Ind. Tags/RTLS

Medical Patches/Monitors

• Ind. WSN – LoRa

Wearable Devices Sensors/Display Implantable Medical Devices Body-Worn Sensors BLE Sensors Power Usage ge Medical Industrial Consumer/Retail Market Segments User Interactive Send/Rc Rcv Data & Ctrl Send Sensor r Data Send Fixed Values Metering & Smart Grid

Device Complexity

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Specific challenge: operational life

Use case: disposable sensing device

Example: lenses, patches Requirements for few days or weeks Or single discharge

Use case: implantable

Cost of deplantation Risk of complications, infection or death Life to 15 years and beyond desired Typical power consumption ~ 5-10mW

Study 2017: device explantation and subsequent re-implantation after infection clearance was USD 75,5051

Large primary ~Ah Small secondary +EH ~mAh 5-10,000 cycles Small primary coin ~mAh

• 1. https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/457964: Chen T. · Mirzadeh Z. · Lambert M. · Gonzalez O. · Moran A. · Shetter A.G. · Ponce F.A.;

Departments of a Neurosurgery & b Infectious Disease, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital & Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA

Small SSB ~mAh

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Specific challenge: storage

Buffer devices lose energy via leakage current

In-between intermittent current supply from EH During unused periods in storage

Leaka kage e curren urrent t leve level Yearl rly lo loss 1nA 10mAh 10nA 100mAh 100nA 1mAh 1mA 10mAh Solid state batteries Pulse caps Supercaps, coin cells PMIC

Other leakage current contribution:

Communications Sensors MCU sleep mode PMIC

Indoors : 20mW/cm2 SSB: 99.9% efficiency Coin cells, supercaps: 80% efficiency 6 months in storage SSB: lose only 5mAh

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Specific challenge: cost

Cost of energy buffer needs to reflect cost of device

Typical ical cost st $ Caps 0.1 Solid state battery 0.2 – 5.0 Coin cells 0.2 External patch battery 0.5 Pace maker battery 40 Cylindrical medical implant battery 150 - 200

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3 - Energy Solutions

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Li/CFx, Li/MnO2, Li/SOCl2, Zn air Single discharge Large capacity to Ah Larger size than secondary, prismatic, D-shaped, Cylindrical Highly packaged

Eagle Picher

Primary batteries Secondary batteries Li polymer Solid State Batteries Supercaps (battery- free)

Energy solutions: energy storage devices

Li-metal oxide 500-1000 cycles 10 years life To 100s mAh Smaller size than primary, highly packaged Primary or secondary Gel/Polymer electrolyte Footprint cm2 Thin, Flexible Higher cost-to-energy ratio than lithium-ion Rechargeable via EH Intrinsically safe Low leakage current Many cycles >5000 Small footprint (mm), ultra thin (<1mm) Can be integrated with other IC Electric Double Layer Very small (mm) Many cycles (>100,000) High power Low energy density

Quallion

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Energy storage options

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Conventional Li-ion Supercapacitors Stereax Solid State Batteries Temperature range Trickle-charging/ Low Leakage Fast Charging Ultra-compact Safety Profile Capacity Power

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4 - Charging Solutions and Energy Harvesting

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Charging solutions: wireless

Requirements:

Safe to the body Fast enough charging time to reduce inconvenience High transmitted power Size of receiver / coil should be small

Magnetic resonance charging RF Energy harvesting: Drayson Technologies

Witricity

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Charging solutions: energy harvesting

“Traditional” energy sources not widely available for medical devices, particularly implantable devices

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Battery-less

Cardiac pacemakers powered by piezoelectric energy harvested from heartbeat

CEA-LETI Target: Down to 1 cm3 Output power : 10 mW Frequency: 1 – 3 Hz

http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1280031 Electrostatic conversion for vibration energy harvesting, S. Boisseau, G. Despesse, B. Ahmed Seddik, Small-scale Energy Harvesting, Intech, 2012

Charging solutions: energy harvesting

Leadless pacemaker

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Thermo-electric “Body Pump”

Miniature thermoelectric generators (TEGs) Produce energy from the temperature differential between the skin and the outside air – Seebeck effect. Next xtrem reme The herm rmal al Solutio lutions* s* The HV56 is capable of producing 1.5mW of output power and an open circuit voltage of 0.25V at a 10K gradient in a footprint of only 11mm2

http://www.tec-microsystems.com/EN/Thermoelectric_Generators.html * http://www.power-eetimes.com/en/miniature-thermoelectric-power-generator-delivers-up-to-1.5-mw-from-a-10k-temperature-gradient.html?cmp_id=7&news_id=222901772

Charging solutions: energy harvesting

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Solar energy

Cymbet Non-Cytotoxic Rechargeable Batteries for Medical Devices. Intra Ocular Pressure Sensor with University of Michigan: 1mAh

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Charging solutions: energy harvesting

Image source: ISSCC 2011 A Cubic-Millimeter Energy-Autonomous Wireless Intraocular Pressure Monitor Gregory Chen, Hassan Ghaed, Razi-ul Haque, Michael Wieckowski, Yejoong Kim, Gyouho Kim, David Fick, Daeyeon Kim, Mingoo Seok, Kensall Wise, David Blaauw, Dennis Sylvester, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

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Biological batteries

MIT: glucose fuel-cell to power neural implants. Fuel cell operates by stripping electrons from glucose molecules to create a small electric current:

Brain implants with spinal cord injuries or strokes Pain control (Parkinson’s disease) 1 - 2mm2 180uW/cm2 peak 3.4uW/cm2 steady state

http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1332250 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0038436

Charging solutions: energy harvesting

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Heartbeat generator

Early days invention at Southampton University Hospital Consists of two small liquid-filled balloons placed at separate locations within the heart and connected by a silicone tube containing a moveable magnet As the heart beats, it squeezes each balloon in turn, pushing liquid through the tube and forcing the magnet to move back and forth past a coil embedded in the tube. This generates electricity that can be used to recharge the battery Tested on a pig’s heart, the generator was able to harvest 4.3 microjoules with each beat Can only harvest 20% of energy necessary to power pacemaker

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https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn15152-rechargable-pacemaker-tops-up-with-every-heartbeat/

Charging solutions – Energy harvesting

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Powering connected devices

Note 1: Internet of Things – Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems, Vermesan and Friess Ed., River Publishers Note 2: Renesas - Energy Harvesting for Low-Power Sensor Systems – White Paper, February 2015

Efficient energy harvesters Ultra low power electronics

Source: CEA-Leti Source: Note 1 Source: Note 2

Solid State Battery

Micro-Batteries enable true “Leave for life”

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5 - Stereax Solid State Batteries

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StereaxTM P180: Extended temperature range solid state battery

Pa Parameter er Valu lues s at +150 50°C Capacity 180 mAh Operational voltage Range 3.0 – 3.8 V Continuous Current 1.8 mA Peak Current 3.6 mA Dimensions 10 mm x 10 mm (Note 1) Battery Thickness ~1 mm Cycle Life

(5% DoD, to 80% of initial capacity)

4000 cycles Internal Resistance 15 

Page 27 Note 1: Active footprint

1 cm +150°C

Operate between -40°C and +150°C

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Use Case : Smart Contact Lens for Diabetics Solid State Battery: Small footprint: mm-scale Ultra-thin <200 mm Various form factors including custom shapes and sizes Biocompatible encapsulants High energy density: 20 mAh SSB stacking increases energy density Low self discharge Leakage current: nAh’s 6 months storage: regains 98% of initial capacity

5 mm

• Sensor (glucose in tears)
• Communication (sends info)
• Antenna (wireless charging)
• Thin energy storage

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Call to action

Ilika is looking to cooperate with:

OEMs System and component suppliers Manufacturers

Advantages:

Respond to customer’s unique requirements for optimal outcome. Flexibility for SSB’s capacity, shape, life cycle …

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www.ilika.com collaborate@ilika.com @ilikaplc /ilika-plc

Keep in touch!

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Thank you

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