Social Housing & Urban Form in Latin American Cities 1. Context - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Social Housing & Urban Form in Latin American Cities 1. Context - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 23, 2023 338 likes •620 views

Social Housing & Urban Form in Latin American Cities 1. Context 2. Case study 3. Conclusions Nora R Libertun de Duren nlibertun@iadb.org Context 1960s 2010s Rural to Urban Migration Urban to Rural Expansion Source: Sebastiao

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Social Housing & Urban Form in Latin American Cities

  • 1. Context
  • 2. Case study
  • 3. Conclusions

Nora R Libertun de Duren nlibertun@iadb.org

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Source: Sebastiao Salgado_ Amazonas Pictures

Context 1960’s Rural to Urban Migration 2010’s Urban to Rural Expansion

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Source: Own elaboration based on UN Habitat 2014, State of Cities; and Angel et al, 2011. The Dynamics of Global Urban Expansion

Urban Area

4%

2%

Urban Population

1960 2010 2025

Urban areas grew faster than urban population

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The urban footprint is rapidly expanding

Santiago de Chile Sao Paulo, Brazil Ciudad de Mexico

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1960’s: informal settlements as peripheral places

Average density

60o residents/ha

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2010’s: social housing in urban peripheries

Average density

40o residents/ha

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% area of the urban periphery by land use (1960-2010)

City Rural uses Shantytowns Gated … Social Housing Remaining area

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
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32%

Urban residents live in informal neighborhoods

55 million

Lack access to adequate housing

57%

Of urban residents work in the informal economy

Inequality

Latin-American cities are the most unequal in terms of coverage & quality of services

High levels of informality Uneven access to urban services

Bogotá. Fuente: Caracol Radio

Current state of Latin American Cities

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HOUSING demand in Latin American Cities

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Qualitative Quantitative (

HOUSING demand in Latin American Cities

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Qualitative Quantitative Qualitative

HOUSING Subsidies in Latin American Cities

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Urban outcome

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Case study MEXICO

DEFICIT 7% Quantitative 93% Qualitative (10m urban households SUBSIDIES 6% repairs to existing units 94% credit for new units (+55million usd)

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  • Fed. Government

annual target: 750k social housing units

# of Housing Units sold per year

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25% housing units were built after 2000

22 Km average distance to downtown

87% of units were built

  • n the 2nd ring
  • f the urban periphery

11% of units were built on

the 1st ring

  • f the urban periphery

Social housing geography

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Puebla

Peripheral vs Central Social housing Development

+Interviews to developers +review policy instruments 26,600 US$ 37,000 US$

Social Housing spatial rationale

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Peripheral vs Central ECONOMIES OF SCALE

Average company size

500+ vs 70 employees

Portfolio All vs only social housing

Social Housing spatial rationale

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Peripheral vs Central COST STRUCTURE: land + infrastructure

30%

land infrastructure

Social Housing spatial rationale

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Peripheral vs Central COST STRUCTURE: Economies of scale

10% savings with 500+ units

More negotiation power

Small vs big municipalities…

Social Housing spatial rationale

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National programs determine

Funding structure Architectural standards

Municipal governments determine

Land use

Social Housing spatial rationale

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The challenge of cities today is the expanding urban fringe, not the growing urban population. Conclusions

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Central and Peripheral Social Housing Developers

Have similar cost structures Gain is based on

  • economies of scale &
  • power asymmetries

Conclusions

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National Policies

Mismatch between need and demand (subsides for new vs improved)

Subnational policies

Push social housing to periphery Lack metro coordination leads to expanded urban footprint

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Suggestions

PROACTIVE

ü Match subsidies to demand ü Support rental housing & improvement programs ü Increase urban densities & metropolitan planning ü Limit maximum social housing complex size

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Suggestions

REACTIVE

ü Support jobs in peripheries ü Improve transport connections ü Develop public spaces of quality ü Facilitate legal processes ü Improve environmental performance

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Thank you!

Nora R Libertun de Duren nlibertun@iadb.org