Social and Ethical Issues George Konidaris gdk@cs.brown.edu Fall - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Social and Ethical Issues

George Konidaris gdk@cs.brown.edu

Fall 2019

Social and Ethical Issues

The emergence of ever-more intelligent machines has potentially serious consequences.

Broad Issues

Automation Accountability Privacy World Domination

Industrial Automation

AI is part of a collection of technologies that could massively expand the set of tasks that could be done by machines instead

• f humans.

Concerns:

• Job losses
• Inequality

Potential upside:

• Standard of living
• Wealth
• Efficiency

The Industrial Revolution

This has happened before!

Some Graphs

via The Economist

Agriculture

And before that!

Automation in Agriculture

"In the mid-19th century it took 25 people a full day to harvest and thresh a ton of grain; today one person operating a combine harvester can do it in six minutes." "In the United States in 1901, an hour's wage could buy around 3 quarts of milk; a century later, the same wages could buy sixteen quarts."

Autonomous Cars

Manufacturing

Universal Basic Income

Automated Warfare

Automated Warfare

Laws of war:

• Military necessity
• Distinction
• Proportionality

Automated Warfare

Broad Issues

Automation Accountability Privacy World Domination

Privacy

Privacy

Broad Issues

Automation Accountability Privacy World Domination

Accountability

Who is responsible for an autonomous agent causing injury?

Accountability

Bias

“The program, Correctional O f f e n d e r M a n a g e m e n t Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (Compas), was much more prone to mistakenly label black defendants as likely to reoffend – wrongly flagging them at almost twice the rate as white people (45% to 24%), according to the investigative journalism organisation ProPublica.” (The Guardian)

(Propublica)

Bias

“ … we show that applying machine learning to ordinary human language results in human-like semantic biases. We replicated a spectrum of known biases, as measured by the Implicit Association Test, using a widely used, purely statistical machine-learning model trained on a standard corpus of text from the World Wide Web. Our results indicate that text corpora contain recoverable and accurate imprints of our historic biases, whether morally neutral as toward insects or flowers, problematic as toward race or gender, or even simply veridical, reflecting the status quo distribution of gender with respect to careers or first names.”

Broad Issues

World Domination Automation Accountability Privacy

Taking Over the World

Team Zuck vs. Team Elon

AI: The Very Idea

For as long as people have made machines, they have wondered whether machines could be made intelligent.

(pictures: Wikipedia)