Workshop on Smart and Sustainable City Toulouse, le 18 juillet 2016 SMART CITIES Cities of the futur? By Emmanuel Eveno LISST-CIEU, 18 juillet 2016
PROLEGOMENA Attempt of definition of the object
A NEW THEMATIC : an expression in the zeitgeist ❖ Approximatively 14 900 000 results for a Google request ❖ A large numerous of radio emissions http://www.franceculture.fr/emission-place-de-la-toile-villes-intelligentes-%C2%AB%C2%A0smart-cities%C2%A0%C2% BB-2014-01-04 ❖ A large number of articles in various scientific journals ❖ Some scientific books ❖ Many articles a bit repetitive in the general press ❖ Various events (congress, exhibitions, conferences, forum…) ❖ Political slogans ❖ Trademarks ❖ Technological dreams ❖ Reactivation of former representations ❖ A new form of hierarchy between cities ❖ …
F ORUM organized by « La Tribune » F ORUM organized by Toulouse-Métropole (french NewsPaper)
P OLITICAL SLOGAN
T RADEMARKS
TECHNOPHILES DREAMS OF TH E 90’ "If I could really see the Alps of my electronic window in my lounge in Boston, hear the sound of the bells of cows, and feel the manure (digital ) in summer, I would really have the impression to be in Switzerland. If, instead of going to work driving my atoms in town, I plug myself on my office and that I make my work electronically, where is exactly my workplace?" Nicholas Negroponte : « Being digital”, A.A. Knopf Inc. Publ, 1995
T HE OLD PREDICTION OF M C L UHAN Marshall McLuhan, The Medium is the Dubaï Global Village Massage, Publ. 1967
N EW H IERARCHY . T HE NEW TOOLS OF THE URBAN MARKETING
OUR APPROACH: SMART CITIES AS COMPLEX CITIES How to interpret this heterogeneousness ? The Smart City considered as object of scientific research suggests (demand?) several levels of interpretations or problematics, imbricating / mixing technical, social, legal, ethical, geographical, esthetic questions. Above all, this various dimensions are strongly connected. It’s why we are in the obligation to consider Smart City inside the paradigm of complexity. Smart city is a solution to reduce the complexity of the actual or future City.
MODALITIES OF MANAGEMENT OF THE DISTANCE Tele communications Transport/physi cal movements Cities agglomerations
URBAN HYPOTHESIS The fundamental hypothesis that we put to the test several theoretical and empirical works, is that the fast development of ICTs in the contemporary societies is bound to the development of the urbanization. It would be the urban growth, its generalization, that would cause, on behalf of the actors and the users, the necessity more and more asserted resorting to ICTs. The everyday acceptance of ICTS in the functioning of organizations (administrative, economic or social), thus his more and more massive use in social relationships … would be ways of adaptation to the urban contexts.
POLITICAL CHALLENGE Official Reports Plan 1966 : « Calculation » Plan (a) 1967 : « Components » Plan 1978 : ‘’Nora-Minc / Report’’ : « The Computerization of the Society » 1979 : Telematic Program (b) 1981 Mission "electronics industry" asked by the MRT 1982 ‘’Farnoux Report’’ « Electronic Industry » November : « Cable » Plan (c) 1983 « Electronic Industry » Plan for 1983-1987 (a) Plan de soutien au développement des industries électronique et informatique (b) : s’appuie sur le Minitel et le logiciel Télétel (c) : plan de développement des réseaux câblés de télédistribution
PUBLIC POLICIES
EUROPEAN INITIATIVE ON SMART CITIES & COMMUNITIES
NEW MARKET From the Urban Growth To the Urban Markets As brought back it the News paper Le Figaro: Cities welcome more and more important populations. "according to ABI Research, the market of Since 2007, UNO said that more than 50 % of the the technologies which underlie the projects world population leaves in urban environment. of smart cities should reach 39 billion dollars Two billion new inhabitants will settle down or are in 2016, against 10 billions in 2010", going to be born in the cities of the world during the underlining besides that, "the incumbent next 25 years. In 50 years which come, we shall build so operator of telecommunications [France much housings as in 2000 years which have just passed Télécom] clearly targeted this growth driver by. " in its strategic plan" conquest 2015 "". The Management of urban areas became one of the most important challenges of development of the 21th Le Figaro; Orange returns the simpler and more intelligent city, By century ", declared the Director of the Division of the Marie-Cécile Renault; published on 08/07/2013 population, John Wilmoth, during a press conference in the office of the UNO in New York.
I. GEOGRAPHY OF SMART CITIES
Toshiba Smart City La ville intelligente, by Thalès Smart City, Hitashi’s vision
SONGDO
AMSTERDAM SMART CITY
22@ À BARCELONE La transformation urbaine des zones industrielles de Poblenou
THE INDIAN PROGRAM: 100 SMART CITIES Le Monde.fr | by Julien Bouissou (New Delhi, India throws a program to create Smart Cities correspondance) Regarding town planning, the intelligence consists in adapting itself to the local contexts and to the needs for the population. To Jaïpur, situated near the desert, the town planning scheme emphasizes the construction of green, energy-efficient buildings, which collect the rainwater, whereas to Surat, coastal city, the priority is for the fight against flood risks. Instead of imposing the formula of the ideal city, the ministry incited municipalities to consult the concerned inhabitants, via the social networks or by the organization of public meetings. The stake in these first 20 urban projects consists in beginning, at the instigation of the State, a movement of urbanization and especially "to enlighten") it. " The idea is to create a replicable model, which can be a headlight for the other cities
II. WHAT COULD BE SMART CITIES WITHOUT UNHABITANTS?
THE PARTHENAY MODEL
THE NEW ROLE OF THE ICT IN THE CITY
EMERGENCE OF THE UUCCs Unhabittants, Users, Consumers, Citizens
WHO ARE THEY? SOME CATEGORIES…. Social mystification? Users vs Non-user
Geeks, Otakus, Nerds….
Being Digital? The telepresent
The increased body
New corporalities David Le Breton Auteur de « L’Adieu au corps » (Métailié), Anthropologie du corps et modernité
New Urban Tribalities (Communities)
New forms of social links hier Aujourd’hui
T YPOLOGIE OF THE UUCC S X M AIN SOCIAL EXPECTATIVES ➢ Local democracy Discret actors ➢ Experimentators (β testor) Mobility ➢ Marginal sequants Urban life style ➢ Creative users Privacy ➢ Pionners ➢ Security Innovators ➢ Followers Access to the information ➢ Expert users Building new territories ➢ Basic users ➢ Non-users ➢ Digital natives ➢ …etc.
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