Search for Long-Lived Particles at CMS Jeff Temple University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Search for Long-Lived Particles at CMS Jeff Temple University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Search for Long-Lived Particles at CMS Jeff Temple University of Maryland (On behalf of the CMS Collaboration) Supersymmetry 2011 28 August 2 September FNAL Heavy Stable Charged Particles (HSCP) Predicted by many SM extensions GUTS,

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Search for Long-Lived Particles at CMS

Jeff Temple University of Maryland (On behalf of the CMS Collaboration)

Supersymmetry 2011 28 August – 2 September FNAL

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SUSY 11, 8/28/11-9/2/11

  • J. Temple

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Heavy Stable Charged Particles (HSCP)

 Heavy

 m > 100 GeV/c2  β<~0.9: large TOF

 Stable

 Passes through muon

system

 Or decays in calorimeter!

 Charged

 Large dE/dx  EM energy loss

 Predicted by many SM extensions

GUTS, hidden valley, split SUSY…

Focus on production via strong interaction

gluinos and stops form R-hadrons (gg, gqq, gqqq, tq, tqq,etc.)

staus (mGMSB) produced directly or through gluino/stop decays

~ ~ ~ ~

  • ~ -
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Simulating HSCP Production

 PYTHIA used for event generation

 Various stop, gluino, stau masses

 GEANT4 simulates interactions of R-hadrons with

CMS

 Various interaction models considered

 charge suppression: R-hadrons with a gluino or bottom

squark emerge as neutral particles

 Gluino-> R-gluonball hadronization fraction f 

f = 0.1, f = 0.5

 “Cloud model” for R-hadron/matter interactions

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Complementary Search Strategies

 “Direct Detection” of

HSCPs

 Search within 25-ns

collision crossing (BX) or subsequent crossing (BX+1)

 Large pT, dE/dx in tracker  Long TOF as measured

by muon system

In charge suppression scenario, neutral R-hadron doesn’t interact with muon detectors

 “Stopped” HSCPs

 β<~0.4  HSCP stops in hadron

calorimeter (HCAL)

 HSCP decay produces

large HCAL deposit

  • utside collision window
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Direct HSCP Search

CMS PAS EXO-11-022

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 dE/dX estimator:

 N=number of silicon hits  ci= charge/length of ith

measurement

 MIP estimator:

 Pi = probability for MIP to

produce charge <= ith measurement

Detecting tracker-only Direct HSCPs

Track selection:

 |ηINNER|<1.5; χ2/d.o.f<5  pT INNER > 35 GeV/c  σ(pT INNER)/ pT INNER < 0.25  dz 2+dxy 2 < 4 cm2  Isolated: 

ΣpT(0<∆R<0.3)<50 GeV/c

ΣECAL(∆R<0.3)/ pT

INNER < 0.3

 Ih > 3 MeV/cm

Trigger: MET > 150 GeV

MET calculated from PF jets

(anti-kT clustering)

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Detecting tracker+muon Direct HSCPs

 Require reconstructed muon

matched to high-pT track

 Measure β from TOF:

1/β=1+c(δt)/L

 1/β > 1, σ(1/β) < 0.07

Track selection:

 Same as tracker only, but

with loosened isolation cuts

ΣpT(0<∆R<0.3)<100 GeV/c

ΣECAL(∆R<0.3)/ pT

INNER < 0.6

Trigger: muon pT>30 GeV/c L1 trigger checks BX, BX+1

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Direct HSCPs: Search Strategy

 Generate PYTHIA samples for

various masses

 t, g: 130-1100 GeV/c2  τ: 100-500 GeV/c2

 Calculate measured mass for each

track

Ih=Km2/p2+C

Approximates Bethe-Bloch for 0.4 < β <0.9

K,C parameters taken from data

 Counting experiment for each HSCP

mass

 Choose pT, Ias (and 1/β) cut

thresholds to minimize 95% CL upper limit

~ ~ ~

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Direct HSCPs: Backgrounds

 Background from MIPs  pT, dE/dx measurements

uncorrelated

 Estimate signal contamination

from MIPs using pT vs. Ias distribution

 For tracker+muon selection, use

pT, Ias, and 1/β

D (signal) A B C

Ias pT

“loose” tracker-only selection: pT>40 GeV/c Ias>0.10 “loose” tracker+muon selection: pT>40 GeV/c Ias>0.05 1/β>1.05

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Direct HSCPs: tracker-only Results

 Gluino mass limits:

 f = 0.1: 899 GeV/c2  f = 0.1, charge

suppression: 808 GeV/c2

 f = 0.5: 839 GeV/c2

 Stop mass limits:

 f = 0.1: 620 GeV/c2  f = 0.1, charge

suppression: 515 GeV/c2

CMS PAS EXO-11-022 1.09 fb-1 of 2011 data No excess seen

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Direct HSCPs: tracker+muon Results

 Mass limits (f = 0.1):

 gluino: 885 GeV/c2  stop: 829 GeV/c2  stau: 293 GeV/c2

CMS PAS EXO-11-022 1.09 fb-1 of 2011 data No excess seen

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Stopped HSCP Search

CMS PAS EXO-11-020

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Triggering on Stopped HSCPs

Stopped HSCP decay signature:

 large energy deposit in HCAL  Not associated with halo  Not (necessarily) in time with

collisions

Live time decreases as number of filled bunches increases

Stopped HSCP trigger requirements:

 Jet ET>50 GeV; |ηjet|<3.0  Veto on beam halo (muon

endcap) trigger within ± 1 BX

 Veto on BPTX trigger within ±1

BX

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Stopped HSCP: Simulation

 HSCP decays do not need to occur within collision BX  Toy MC used to produce distribution of decay times

 Varies with HSCP lifetime, τ  Varies with LHC bunch structure for a given fill

 Produces “effective integrated luminosity” for a given τ

  • 3564 bunches
  • rbit
  • 25 ns per bunch
  • (up to) 2808 filled

bunches

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Stopped HSCP: HCAL Noise Background

 Sporadic noise

  • bserved in HCAL

barrel and endcap

 Ion Feedback: single

HCAL channel

 HPD noise: up to 18

channels in single φ slice

 RBX noise: up to 72

channels, spanning 4 consecutive φ slices

∆φ ~ 0.35, ∆η ~ 1.5

Identify HCAL noise through geometry and pulse shapes of energy deposits

arXiv:0911.4881

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Stopped HSCP: Background estimation

Background sources: HCAL Noise Beam-related (Halo, beam-gas, …) Cosmic Rays Measure background rate from 2010 data (Low instantaneous luminosity)

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Stopped HSCP: Event Selection

Beam-Related Cuts

Veto if:

  • ±2 BX from

beam

  • Vertex found
  • Beam halo

identified

Noise-Related Cuts

  • Reject

MIPs, jet energy fluctuations

  • Also

require |ηjet|<1.0

  • Signal efficiency quoted

for gluino mass = 500 GeV/c2, neutralino mass = 400 GeV/c2

  • Efficiency relative to events in which

at least one gluino stops within CMS

Background rates measured in 2010B dataset

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Stopped HSCP: Analyses

Counting Experiment

Consider HSCP lifetimes τ from 75 ns – 106 s

Count events in sensitive time window

τ<89 µs: window=1.3τ

Each event assumed to come from current fill Time Profile Analysis

For τ<0.7 ms, PDF of decay signal as a function of BX is produced

Background PDF is flat

Signal PDF distribution for one Filling scheme, assuming τ=1µs Observed events for various HSCP lifetimes

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Stopped HSCP: Lifetime and Mass Limits

95% confidence level upper limit for cross section (x HSCP stopping probability) vs τ

Mass limit, assuming:

Cloud model of R-hadron interactions

 

Excludes gluinos < 601 GeV/c2, stops < 337 GeV/c2

2

/ GeV 100

1 ~

c M m

g

> − χ

2

/ GeV 200

1 ~

c M m

t

> − χ

CMS PAS EXO-11-020

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Summary

 Search for heavy stable charged particles

performed with ~ 1 fb-1 of 2011 CMS data

 No evidence for HSCPs seen  New upper limits set for both direct and

stopped HSCP searches

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Backup Slides

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Backup: Distributions for direct tracker+muon HSCPs

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Backup: Direct HSCP Systematics

[5]: JHEP 03 (2011) 024, arXiv:1101.1645

[10]: Phys. Lett B76 (1978) 575.

[15]: JHEP 05 (2006) 026, arXiv:hep-ph/0603175

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Backup: Stopped HSCP Uncertainties

Source Uncertainty Background statistics 40% Jet Energy Scale 7% Luminosity 6% Trigger Efficiency

  • Reconstruction Efficiency -

Energy Loss Models See following slide

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Backup: Stopped HSCP Limits

Cloud model

100% BR to neutralino

M(gluino)-M(neutralino)=100 GeV/c2

M(stop)-M(neutralino)=200 GeV/c2

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Background: Stopped HSCP Time Profiles for Various Fill Schemes

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Background: Previously Published Limits

ATLAS direct search gluino exclusion: m<562-586 GeV/c2 arXiv:1103.1984 (also arXiv:1106.4495) D0 gluino exclusion: m<270 GeV/c2 (50 GeV/c2 neutralino) arXiv:0705.0306

CMS 2010 direct, stopped searches Gluino exclusion: m<398, 370 GeV/c2 arXiv:1101.1645 arXiv:1011.5861