Scrapie Eradication in the United States Updated July 2006 Scrapie - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Scrapie Eradication in the United States Updated July 2006 Scrapie - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Scrapie Eradication in the United States Updated July 2006 Scrapie Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of sheep No cure or treatment

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SLIDE 1

Scrapie Eradication in the United States

Updated July 2006

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SLIDE 2

Scrapie

  • Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
  • Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system
  • f sheep
  • No cure or treatment
  • Incubation period of 2 to 5 years
  • Attacks the brain, leaving holes like a sponge
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SLIDE 3

Clinical Signs of Scrapie

Behavioral changes Itching and rubbing Wool pulling Loss of coordination Swaying of back end Tremor Weakness Biting at legs Lip smacking Weight loss Down and unable to stand Bunny-hop movement of rear legs Increased sensitivity to noise and movement Death

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SLIDE 4

The Importance of Scrapie Eradication

  • Markets for sheep-derived and bone meal have been affected
  • Some trading partners prohibit U.S. sheep and sheep products

because there is scrapie in the United States

  • Processors and producers have difficulty and expense in

disposing of dead sheep and sheep offal

  • Prevents export of breeding stock, semen and embryos
  • Identified as a major impediment to the well-being of the U.S.

sheep industry

  • Costs U.S. producers between $20-25 million annually
  • Causes economic loss in affected flocks
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SLIDE 5

History of Scrapie in the United States

  • 1947 – scrapie was discovered in the United States
  • 1952 – a scrapie eradication program was initiated
  • 1992 – Voluntary Scrapie Flock Certification
  • 2001 – National Accelerated Scrapie Eradication Program
  • 2003 – prevalence in mature cull sheep determined to be 0.2%
  • verall and 0.84% in black face sheep
  • 2003 – USDA adopts genetic based approach to flock clean up
  • 2003 – USDA approves third eyelid test for scrapie diagnosis
  • 2006 – prevalence in mature cull black-face sheep sampled at

slaughter reached a new low (0.43% for the first half of 2006)

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SLIDE 6

Key Aspects of The National Scrapie Eradication Program

  • Detect pre-clinical sheep through live animal testing and

slaughter surveillance

  • Ability to trace infected animals to their flock of origin because of

the identification requirements

  • Genetics-based clean-up strategies that allow producers to stay in

business

  • Tracing and testing of exposed animals that have been sold out of

infected flocks

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SLIDE 7

Scrapie

  • Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
  • Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of

sheep and goats

  • No cure or treatment
  • Incubation period of 2 to 5 years
  • Attacks the brain, leaving holes like a sponge

Requirements of the National Scrapie Eradication Program

  • Most breeding animals and all sheep 18 months of age or older

be officially identified

  • Producers must acquire a scrapie premises identification

number to get official eartags

  • States must meet minimum standards for scrapie control in
  • rder to move breeding sheep freely – Consistent State status
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SLIDE 8

V .I.

P .R .

T X CA M T A Z ID N V N M CO IL O R U T K S IA W Y N E S D M N N D O K F L M O W I A L GA W A A R L A M I IN N Y PA N C M S TN K Y V A O H S C M E W V VT NH MD

NJ

J MA A C T DE E RI

Consistent States Review Status (as of September 15, 2006)

Meets all CFR requirements ID requirement pending

CT

On site review completed

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SLIDE 9

Total = 66,799

TX NM AK HI AZ CA OR WA ID MT WY NV UT CO ND SD NE KS OK MN IA MO AR LA MS AL GA FL SC TN KY IL IN W I MI OH NC VA WV PA NY VT ME NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD

590 208 582 13 3674 1639 160 71 472 349 17 1440 2023 5552 1426 794 159 148 672 195 2365 2863 1694 1902 1854 257 101 372 1898 1784 765 849 1521 2239 2111 21 76 2260 519 7291 914 199 1739 1414 790 2957 2288 997

2459

. . .

Number of Sheep Premises Assigned Numbers in the SNGD

(as of July 20 0 6)

105

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SLIDE 10

Genetics of Scrapie

  • Some sheep are more susceptible to scrapie than others
  • Genotyping can be used to identify genes that control scrapie

susceptibility or resistance

  • For a genotype test to be official the sheep must be officially

identified and the test must be conducted by an accredited veterinarian and the blood/ tissue submitted to an approved APHIS lab along with a VS Form 5-29

  • Producers can use genotyping when selecting rams and ewes
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SLIDE 11

Scrapie

  • Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
  • Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of

sheep and goats

  • No cure or treatment
  • Incubation period of 2 to 5 years
  • Attacks the brain, leaving holes like a sponge

Role of Veterinary Practitioners

  • Educate clients about scrapie and the program
  • Write certificates of veterinary inspection
  • Report disease to state and federal officials when suspected
  • Advise producers and assist them in developing and completing

flock clean-up plans

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SLIDE 12

Scrapie

  • Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
  • Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of

sheep and goats

  • No cure or treatment
  • Incubation period of 2 to 5 years
  • Attacks the brain, leaving holes like a sponge

Classes of Sheep Required to be Identified upon Change of Ownership or Movements where Commingling will Occur with other Flocks

  • All breeding sheep
  • All sheep over 18 months of age
  • All sexually intact sheep for exhibition
  • All positive, exposed, suspect and high-risk animals
  • All sheep from non-compliant flocks
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SLIDE 13

Scrapie

  • Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
  • Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of

sheep and goats

  • No cure or treatment
  • Incubation period of 2 to 5 years
  • Attacks the brain, leaving holes like a sponge

Classes of Sheep NOT Required to be Identified

  • Slaughter sheep under 18 months
  • Wethers for exhibition and those under 18 months of age
  • Animals shipped directly to approved slaughter facility or

approved market when all animals in a section of a truck are from the same premises of origin and accompanied by an

  • wners statement
  • Animals moved for grazing from a premises owned or leased by

the owner of the animals to another premises owned or leased by the owner of the animals

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SLIDE 14

Flock Clean-up

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SLIDE 15

Scrapie

  • Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
  • Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of

sheep and goats

  • No cure or treatment
  • Incubation period of 2 to 5 years
  • Attacks the brain, leaving holes like a sponge

Identification System

  • A scrapie premises identification number (flock identification

number) and free ear tags are requested from the local APHIS Veterinary Services Office or the state veterinarian’s office by calling 1-866-USDA-TAG

  • Other official tags can be purchased through specific, approved

tag companies – found on the APHIS scrapie Web site http:/ / w w w .aphis.usda.gov/ vs/ nahps/ scrapie/

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SLIDE 16

Scrapie

  • Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
  • Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of

sheep and goats

  • No cure or treatment
  • Incubation period of 2 to 5 years
  • Attacks the brain, leaving holes like a sponge

Types of Official Identification

  • Official plastic or metal eartags

– USDA provided eartags – USDA approved eartags

  • Electronic implants (SFCP)
  • Registry tattoos and EIDs (certificate needed)
  • Premises ID number tattoo with individual number
  • Official backtags for animals moving directly to slaughter
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SLIDE 17

Scrapie

  • Classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)
  • Fatal, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system of

sheep and goats

  • No cure or treatment
  • Incubation period of 2 to 5 years
  • Attacks the brain, leaving holes like a sponge

National Scrapie Eradication Program and the National Animal Identification System (NAIS)

  • Utilize the existing national scrapie ID plan as a starting point

(using scrapie premises ID number and production number)

  • Need to move from a visual ID system to an electronic system to

achieve the NAIS tracking goal of 48 hours

  • Develop a group/ lot ID system for groups of sheep that stay

together

  • Recognize the best system will be workable, affordable and

accepted by buyers and sellers

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SLIDE 18

Differences between the scrapie premises ID number (PIN) and the NAIS (PIN)

  • NAIS PIN is based on the physical location where animals

are housed

  • The scrapie PIN is based on whether a group of sheep is

managed as a distinct unit with respect to disease risk and/ or facilitates scrapie program management

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SLIDE 19

Transition to NAIS

  • Register premise with NAIS and then provide the NAIS PIN to

APHIS at 1-866-USDA-TAG for entry into the scrapie database

  • Provide your scrapie PIN to the NAIS premises administrator

when registering so that it can be associated with your NAIS PIN

  • Continue ordering USDA provided tags by calling

1-866-USDA-TAG or purchase tags directly from USDA-approved tag companies

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SLIDE 20

After the Transition to NAIS

  • NAIS PIN will replace the scrapie premises number in the SNGD

(not the scrapie PIN that currently appears on tags)

  • Companies producing scrapie approved tags that are NAIS

compliant have become NAIS animal identification number managers for scrapie program tags

  • Should NAIS becomes mandatory, official sheep tags that are not

compliant with NAIS will no longer be provided

  • Scrapie program tags acquired by producers before the transition

will remain valid for the identification of sheep

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SLIDE 21

Testing for Scrapie

  • Scrapie: Ovine Slaughter Surveillance Study (SOSS)
  • Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter Surveillance (RSSS)
  • Live animal testing
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SLIDE 22

Scrapie: Ovine Slaughter Surveillance Study

  • Developed to estimate the regional and national prevalence
  • f scrapie in mature cull sheep in the United States
  • Time frame: April 1, 2002 – March 31, 2003
  • Total testable samples: 12,491

– Total positive: 33

  • National prevalence estimate 0.2% or 1 in 500 culled mature

sheep

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SLIDE 23

Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter Surveillance (RSSS)

  • Began in April 2003
  • Identify scrapie infected sheep at slaughter and trace back to

farm of origin

  • Total samples collected and reported through June 2006: 90,351

– Total with positive results through June 2006: 258

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SLIDE 24

RSSS Samples Positive by Face Color for October 2003 through June 2006

0.02 0.65 0.08 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 W h i t e B l a c k M

  • t

t l e d

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SLIDE 25

RSSS Sample Collections FY2006

.

.

TX CA M T AZ ID N V N M CO IL O R U T KS IA W Y N E S D M N N D O K F L M O W I A L G A W A AR LA M I IN N Y PA N C M S TN K Y VA O H SC M E W V V T NH M D N J M A CT D E RI

Slaughter plant collection states

West East

68 slaughter plants in 22 states 13 laboratories

Hawaii

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SLIDE 26

Live Animal Testing

  • Immunohistchemistry (IHC) on lymphoid tissue was approved as

an official test in 2003 – Third eyelid test

  • Total field cases tested positive using this test through June 2006

was 143. In FY 2006 28 positive sheep have been detected with the IHC third eyelid test.

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SLIDE 27

New Scrapie Infected and Source Flocks

in FY 2006*

Total Infected and Source Flocks = 77

*Through June 30, 2006 . . . TX NM AK HI PR AZ CA OR WA ID MT WY NV UT CO ND SD NE KS OK MN IA MO AR LA MS AL GA FL SC TN KY IL IN W I MI OH NC VA WV PA NY VT ME NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD VI

1 16 6 7 9 1 2 3 2 2 6 1 6 2 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 3

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SLIDE 28

Scrapie Confirmed Cases

in FY 2006*

Scrapie Cases FY ‘06 = 244

163 Field Cases; 28 Reg. 3rd Eyelid; 12 Necropsy Validations; 41 RSSS Cases (Reported by State of ID Tag; 1 case not on Map) *Through June 30, 2006

. . . TX NM AK HI PR AZ CA OR WA ID MT WY NV UT CO ND SD NE KS OK MN IA MO AR LA MS AL GA FL SC TN KY IL IN W I MI OH NC VA WV PA NY VT ME NH MA RI CT NJ DE MD VI

2 27 22 33 1 1 4 11 10 2 24 4 229 2 15 4 1 3 1 1 6 4 11 4 3 3 14 1 4 5 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 3 1

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SLIDE 29

National Scrapie Eradication Program Goal

  • Eliminate scrapie outbreaks by 2010
  • United States be declared scrapie-free in 2017 by the Office

International des Epizooties (OIE)