SCHIZOPHRENIA Psychosis And Other Symptoms Hallucinations - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Aug 05, 2023 181 likes •580 views

SCHIZOPHRENIA Psychosis And Other Symptoms Hallucinations Delusions Disorganized Speech Disorganized Behaviour Negative Symptoms Continuous Symptoms over a 6 month period CHARACTERISTIC FACTORS : Positive Symptoms Negative Symptoms ONSET

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SCHIZOPHRENIA Psychosis And Other Symptoms

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Hallucinations Delusions Disorganized Speech Disorganized Behaviour Negative Symptoms

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Continuous Symptoms over a 6 month period

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CHARACTERISTIC FACTORS : Positive Symptoms Negative Symptoms

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ONSET

Early Adulthood

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How DO PEOPLE COME INTO CARE ?

EARLY : Family LATER : Self Referred or Law Enforcement

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INTERVENTION

Antipsychotic Therapy Psychosocial Intervention

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RISK

RISK OF SELF HARM 15%

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DSM

A manualized system that helps with diagnosis

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Lifetime Risk

7.2 per 1000 lives Males1.4 : Females 1

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ONSET

Males <25yrs Females <35yrs ( later onset is associated with higher premorbid functioning )

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does the season of birth matter ?

More winter births affected than spring or summer.......... CONTROVERSIAL...

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Geography ??

URBAN/LOW INCOME higher incidence than RURAL/HIGH INCOME groups Distance from the equator = better outcomes

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IMMIGRATION ??

Higher incidence in migrant populations BUT NOT in subsequent generations born in the new location.

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Cognitive Deficits

Precede diagnosis Persist Affect outcomes

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BIG QUESTION

What causes Schizophrenia ??

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BIG ANSWER

NO ONE THING MULTIFACTORIAL

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STRESS DIATHESIS

Theory of a vulnerable person being exposed repeatedly to STRESS over a length of time STRESS : Biological or Environmental or Both

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Genes ?

Very Important role The closer the family relationship to the affected relative, the greater the risk

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SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Definitely linked to an increased incidence of Psychosis Drug use is common in individuals with psychosis ALL DRUGS pose a risk

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DIAGNOSTIC FACTORS

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HALLUCINATIONS

AUDITORY ( hearing ) Common inside or outside a persons head different types

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DELUSIONS (+VE)

PERSECUTION GRANDIOSE RELIGIOUS BIZARRE ETC.....

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DELUSIONS (+VE)

THOUGHT INSERTION THOUGHT WITHDRAWAL THOUGHT BROADCASTING CONTROL DELUSIONS IDEAS OF REFERENCE

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AVOLITION (-VE)

INABILITY TO MAINTAIN GOAL DIRECTED BEHAVIOUR

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ANHEDONIA (-ve)

An Inability To Extract JOY From Life

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ASOCIAL BEHAVIOUR (-ve)

Isolative and socially disconnected / avoidant/ reclusive.

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Affective flattening (-VE)

Blunting of emotions Inability to express feelings

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ALOGIA (-VE)

Decreased Speech ( quality / quantity )

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cognitive deficits

Affects ALL Cognitive Domains : attention language memory executive function

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somatization

Psychological Symptoms expressed as Body Symptoms with NO MEDICAL EXPLANATION

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SPEECH

Tangentiality Circumstantiality Loosening of Associations Thought Blocking

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depression

Common after a psychotic episode

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SUICIDE

ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS COMPLICATIONS 15 % risk Risk is highest at onset of the illness

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anxiety

Can occur at any time during the course of the illness

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ther

Verbigeration Perseveration Word Salad derealization non auditory hallucinations deja-vu

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ther contd....
dd

behaviours....stereotypy,parakinesias,echopra xia,waxy flexibility catatonia soft neurological signs

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DIAGNOSIS

Complicated and Challenging No Lab Tests No Pathognomic Features Many other reasons for psychosis

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