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  1. ❲❤② ❙❝♦♣❡s❄ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✜rst ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✴♠♦❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ▼❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼❛❝✐♥t♦s❤ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❤♦✉t s❝♦♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❤ s❝♦♣❡s✱ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♦❝✉s ♦♥ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♣r♦❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❤ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♦♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✴ ✺✻

  2. ❲❤② ❙❝♦♣❡s❄ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✜rst ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✴♠♦❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ▼❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼❛❝✐♥t♦s❤ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❤♦✉t s❝♦♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❤ s❝♦♣❡s✱ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♦❝✉s ♦♥ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♣r♦❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❤ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♦♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✴ ✺✻

  3. ❲❤② ❙❝♦♣❡s❄ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✜rst ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✴♠♦❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ▼❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼❛❝✐♥t♦s❤ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❤♦✉t s❝♦♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❤ s❝♦♣❡s✱ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♦❝✉s ♦♥ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♣r♦❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❤ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♦♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✴ ✺✻

  4. ❲❤② ❙❝♦♣❡s❄ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✜rst ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✴♠♦❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ▼❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼❛❝✐♥t♦s❤ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❤♦✉t s❝♦♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❤ s❝♦♣❡s✱ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♦❝✉s ♦♥ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♣r♦❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❤ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♦♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✴ ✺✻

  5. ❲❤② ❙❝♦♣❡s❄ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✜rst ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✴♠♦❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ▼❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼❛❝✐♥t♦s❤ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❤♦✉t s❝♦♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❤ s❝♦♣❡s✱ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♦❝✉s ♦♥ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♣r♦❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❤ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♦♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✴ ✺✻

  6. ❲❤② ❙❝♦♣❡s❄ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❛r❡ t❤❡ ✜rst ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✴♠♦❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ▼❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ▼❛❝✐♥t♦s❤ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❤♦✉t s❝♦♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❤ s❝♦♣❡s✱ t❤❡ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♦❝✉s ♦♥ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♦rr❡❝t ♣r♦❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❤ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♦♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✴ ✺✻

  7. ❉❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥t ❣❧♦❜❛❧❀ ❛✉t♦ ♦✉t❡r✭✈♦✐❞✮ ④ ❇❧♦❝❦s ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ s❝♦♣❡s✳ ✐♥t ❧♦❝❛❧✱ ♥♦♥❴❧♦❝❛❧❀ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥t ✐♥♥❡r✭✈♦✐❞✮ ♥♦♥ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ④ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s r❡t✉r♥ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✰ ♥♦♥❴❧♦❝❛❧❀ ⑥ r❡t✉r♥ ✐♥♥❡r❀ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✷ ✴ ✺✻

  8. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♦♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✽✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✸ ✴ ✺✻

  9. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♦♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✽✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✸ ✴ ✺✻

  10. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♦♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✽✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✸ ✴ ✺✻

  11. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♦♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✽✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✸ ✴ ✺✻

  12. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♦♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✽✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✸ ✴ ✺✻

  13. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♦♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✽✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✸ ✴ ✺✻

  14. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♦♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✽✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✸ ✴ ✺✻

  15. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st s❝r✐♣t✐♥❣✴✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭P❡r❧ ✭ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✮✱ ❙❤❡❧❧ ❙❝r✐♣t✱ ❚ ❊❳ ❡t❝✳✮ ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ✐♥ ▲✐s♣ ✭❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✮✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❚❡❳ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ④ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭❞❡❢ ❭① ✶ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭✐❢♥✉♠ ❭❛ ❁ ✹✷ ❭❞❡❢ ❭② ✺✶ ❭❢✐ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ♠❛② ❜❡ ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ⑥ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ Pr❡✈❡♥ts st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣ ❆♥ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r ♠❛② r❡❢❡r t♦ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✈❛❧✉❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t②♣❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✹ ✴ ✺✻

  16. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st s❝r✐♣t✐♥❣✴✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭P❡r❧ ✭ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✮✱ ❙❤❡❧❧ ❙❝r✐♣t✱ ❚ ❊❳ ❡t❝✳✮ ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ✐♥ ▲✐s♣ ✭❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✮✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❚❡❳ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ④ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭❞❡❢ ❭① ✶ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭✐❢♥✉♠ ❭❛ ❁ ✹✷ ❭❞❡❢ ❭② ✺✶ ❭❢✐ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ♠❛② ❜❡ ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ⑥ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ Pr❡✈❡♥ts st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣ ❆♥ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r ♠❛② r❡❢❡r t♦ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✈❛❧✉❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t②♣❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✹ ✴ ✺✻

  17. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♦st s❝r✐♣t✐♥❣✴✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭P❡r❧ ✭ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✮✱ ❙❤❡❧❧ ❙❝r✐♣t✱ ❚ ❊❳ ❡t❝✳✮ ❜✉t ❛❧s♦ ✐♥ ▲✐s♣ ✭❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ❙❝❤❡♠❡✮✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♦♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❚❡❳ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ④ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭❞❡❢ ❭① ✶ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭✐❢♥✉♠ ❭❛ ❁ ✹✷ ❭❞❡❢ ❭② ✺✶ ❭❢✐ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ♠❛② ❜❡ ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ⑥ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ Pr❡✈❡♥ts st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣ ❆♥ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r ♠❛② r❡❢❡r t♦ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✈❛❧✉❡s✱ ✇✐t❤ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t②♣❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✹ ✴ ✺✻

  18. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❚✐❣❡r ▼❛♥② ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t ✱ ✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ✏✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✑✳ t t✐♠❡ ❧❡t t②♣❡ t ❂ ④ ❤✿ ✐♥t✱ t✿ t ⑥ ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥ t ✭❤✿ ✐♥t✱ t✿ t✮ ✿ t ❂ t ④ ❤ ❂ ❤✱ t ❂ t ⑥ ✈❛r t ✿❂ t ✭✶✷✱ ♥✐❧✮ ✈❛r t ✿❂ t ✭✶✷✱ t✮ ✐♥ t✳t ❂ t ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✺ ✴ ✺✻

  19. ❙❝♦♣❡s ❬❆♣♣❡❧✱ ✶✾✾✽❪ ▼▲ ❏❛✈❛ ✭❢✇❞ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♦♥ ❛❧❧♦✇❡❞✮ str✉❝t✉r❡ ▼ ❂ str✉❝t ♣❛❝❦❛❣❡ ▼❀ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❊ ❂ str✉❝t ❝❧❛ss ❊ ④ ✈❛❧ ❛ ❂ ✺❀ st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t ❛ ❂ ✺❀ ❡♥❞ ⑥ str✉❝t✉r❡ ◆ ❂ str✉❝t ❝❧❛ss ◆ ④ ✈❛❧ ❜ ❂ ✶✵❀ st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t ❜ ❂ ✶✵❀ ✈❛❧ ❛ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ❜❀ st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t ❛ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ❜❀ ❡♥❞ ⑥ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉ ❂ str✉❝t ❝❧❛ss ❉ ④ ✈❛❧ ❞ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ◆✳❛❀ st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t ❞ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ◆✳❛❀ ❡♥❞ ⑥ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✻ ✴ ✺✻

  20. ❙❝♦♣❡s ❬❆♣♣❡❧✱ ✶✾✾✽❪ = Pr❡❧✉❞❡ σ ✵ = { a : int } str✉❝t✉r❡ ▼ ❂ str✉❝t σ ✶ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❊ ❂ str✉❝t = { E : σ ✶ } σ ✷ ✈❛❧ ❛ ❂ ✺❀ = { b : int , a : int } σ ✸ ❡♥❞ = { N : σ ✸ } str✉❝t✉r❡ ◆ ❂ str✉❝t σ ✹ ✈❛❧ ❜ ❂ ✶✵❀ = { d : int } σ ✺ ✈❛❧ ❛ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ❜❀ = { D : σ ✺ } σ ✻ ❡♥❞ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉ ❂ str✉❝t = σ ✷ + σ ✹ + σ ✻ σ ✼ ✈❛❧ ❞ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ◆✳❛❀ ❡♥❞ σ ✵ + σ ✷ ⊢ N : σ ✸ ( ▼▲ ) ❡♥❞ σ ✵ + σ ✷ + σ ✹ ⊢ N : σ ✸ ( ❏❛✈❛ ) σ ✵ + σ ✷ + σ ✹ + σ ✻ ⊢ M : σ ✼ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✼ ✴ ✺✻

  21. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♦r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✭❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♦✉♥❞ t♦ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ❜❧♦❝❦ t❡♥❞ t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♦✇♥ ✱ P▲✴■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❄ ▼♦❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♦ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❤✐s ❜❧♦❝❦ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✽ ✴ ✺✻

  22. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♦r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✭❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♦✉♥❞ t♦ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ❜❧♦❝❦ t❡♥❞ t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♦✇♥ ✱ P▲✴■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❄ ▼♦❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♦ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❤✐s ❜❧♦❝❦ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✽ ✴ ✺✻

  23. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♦r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✭❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♦✉♥❞ t♦ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ❜❧♦❝❦ t❡♥❞ t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♦✇♥ ✱ P▲✴■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❄ ▼♦❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♦ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❤✐s ❜❧♦❝❦ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✽ ✴ ✺✻

  24. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♦r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✭❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♦✉♥❞ t♦ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ❜❧♦❝❦ t❡♥❞ t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♦✇♥ ✱ P▲✴■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❄ ▼♦❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♦ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❤✐s ❜❧♦❝❦ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✽ ✴ ✺✻

  25. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♦r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ✭❛s ♦♣♣♦s❡❞ t♦ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♦✉♥❞ t♦ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♦❢ ❜❧♦❝❦ t❡♥❞ t♦ ♣r♦♠♦t❡ ❣❧♦❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♦✇♥ ✱ P▲✴■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♦♥❄ ▼♦❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♦ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❤✐s ❜❧♦❝❦ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✽ ✴ ✺✻

  26. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s❝♦♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♦❝❦ s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♦♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♦♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✾ ✴ ✺✻

  27. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s❝♦♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♦❝❦ s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♦♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♦♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✾ ✴ ✺✻

  28. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s❝♦♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♦❝❦ s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♦♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♦♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✾ ✴ ✺✻

  29. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s❝♦♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♦❝❦ s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♦♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♦♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✾ ✴ ✺✻

  30. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s❝♦♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♦❝❦ s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♦♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♦♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✾ ✴ ✺✻

  31. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s❝♦♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♦❝❦ s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♦♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♦♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✾ ✴ ✺✻

  32. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s❝♦♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♦❝❦ s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♦♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♦♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✾ ✴ ✺✻

  33. ❙❝♦♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♦t ♦❢ s❝♦♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♦❝❦ s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♦♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♦♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♦♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✾ ✴ ✺✻

  34. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶ ◆❛♠❡s ❙❝♦♣❡s ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ✷ ❈♦♠♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ✸ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✵ ✴ ✺✻

  35. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡ ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✸❪ ❲❤❡♥ ❛ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❢r♦♠ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ t♦ ❛♥ ♦❜❥❡❝t ✐s ♠❛❞❡✳ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ✐❢ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❞❛t❛ ✇✐❞t❤ ♣r♦❣r❛♠ ✇r✐t✐♥❣ ❢♦♦ ✱ ❜❛r ❝♦♠♣✐❧❛t✐♦♥ st❛t✐❝ ♦❜❥❡❝ts✱ ❝♦❞❡ ❧✐♥❦❛❣❡ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s ❧♦❛❞✐♥❣ s❤❛r❡❞ ♦❜❥❡❝ts ❡①❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ❤❡❛♣ ♦❜❥❡❝ts ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✶ ✴ ✺✻

  36. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡✿ t❤❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❘♦✉❣❤❧②✱ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ❛r❡ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞ ♦♥ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ t✐♠❡✳ ❚❤❡ ▼♦✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✲t✐♠❡ ❡❛r❧② ✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲❃ ❧❛t❡ ■◆❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ■◆❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✷ ✴ ✺✻

  37. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡✿ t❤❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❘♦✉❣❤❧②✱ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ❛r❡ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞ ♦♥ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ t✐♠❡✳ ❚❤❡ ▼♦✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✲t✐♠❡ ❡❛r❧② ✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲❃ ❧❛t❡ ■◆❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ■◆❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✷ ✴ ✺✻

  38. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡✿ t❤❡ ♠♦✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❘♦✉❣❤❧②✱ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ❛r❡ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞ ♦♥ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ t✐♠❡✳ ❚❤❡ ▼♦✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✲t✐♠❡ ❡❛r❧② ✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲❃ ❧❛t❡ ■◆❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ■◆❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✷ ✴ ✺✻

  39. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ ✐♥ ❈ ✰✰ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❞✐s♣❛t❝❤ ✐s r♦✉❣❤❧② r✉♥t✐♠❡ ♦✈❡r❧♦❛❞✐♥❣✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❉✐s♣❛t❝❤ ✐♥ ❈ ✰✰ str✉❝t ❙❤❛♣❡ ④ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ ✈♦✐❞ ❞r❛✇✭✮ ❝♦♥st ❂ ✵❀ ⑥❀ str✉❝t ❙q✉❛r❡ ✿ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ❙❤❛♣❡ ④ ✈♦✐❞ ❞r❛✇✭✮ ❝♦♥st ♦✈❡rr✐❞❡ ④⑥❀ ⑥❀ str✉❝t ❈✐r❝❧❡ ✿ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ❙❤❛♣❡ ④ ✈♦✐❞ ❞r❛✇✭✮ ❝♦♥st ♦✈❡rr✐❞❡ ④⑥❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✸ ✴ ✺✻

  40. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ ✐♥ ❈ ✰✰ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❉✐s♣❛t❝❤ ✐♥ ❈ ✰✰ ★✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ❁✈❡❝t♦r❃ ★✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ✧s❤❛♣❡s✳❤❤✧ ✉s✐♥❣ s❤❛♣❡s❴t②♣❡ ❂ st❞✿✿✈❡❝t♦r❁❙❤❛♣❡✯❃❀ ✐♥t ♠❛✐♥✭✮ ④ ❛✉t♦ ss ❂ s❤❛♣❡s❴t②♣❡④♥❡✇ ❈✐r❝❧❡✱ ♥❡✇ ❙q✉❛r❡⑥❀ ❢♦r ✭❛✉t♦ s✿ ss✮ ✴✴ ■♥❝❧✉s✐♦♥ ♣♦❧②♠♦r♣❤✐s♠✳ s✲❃❞r❛✇✭✮❀ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✹ ✴ ✺✻

  41. ▲❛t❡ ❈♦❞❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ❡✈❛❧ tr② ✴ ❝❛t❝❤ ✐♥ P❡r❧ s✉❜ tr② ✭✫❅✮ ④ ♠② ✭✩tr②✱ ✩❝❛t❝❤✮ ❂ ❅❴❀ ❡✈❛❧ ④ ✫✩tr② ⑥❀ ★ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ✐❢ ✭✩❅✮ ④ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✩❴ ❂ ✩❅❀ ▼♦st ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ✫✩❝❛t❝❤❀ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ❡✈❛❧ ⑥ ✭❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ♦r ♥♦t✮✿ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ⑥ ❝♦❞❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥✳ s✉❜ ❝❛t❝❤ ✭✫✮ ④ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✩❴❬✵❪❀ ★ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ⑥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥s✳ tr② ④ ❞✐❡ ✧♣❤♦♦❡②✧❀ ⑥ ❝❛t❝❤ ④ ✴♣❤♦♦❡②✴ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t ✧✉♥♣❤♦♦❡②❭♥✧❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✺ ✴ ✺✻

  42. ▲❛t❡ ❈♦❞❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ❡✈❛❧ tr② ✴ ❝❛t❝❤ ✐♥ P❡r❧ s✉❜ tr② ✭✫❅✮ ④ ♠② ✭✩tr②✱ ✩❝❛t❝❤✮ ❂ ❅❴❀ ❡✈❛❧ ④ ✫✩tr② ⑥❀ ★ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ✐❢ ✭✩❅✮ ④ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✩❴ ❂ ✩❅❀ ▼♦st ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ✫✩❝❛t❝❤❀ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ❡✈❛❧ ⑥ ✭❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ♦r ♥♦t✮✿ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ⑥ ❝♦❞❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥✳ s✉❜ ❝❛t❝❤ ✭✫✮ ④ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✩❴❬✵❪❀ ★ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ⑥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥s✳ tr② ④ ❞✐❡ ✧♣❤♦♦❡②✧❀ ⑥ ❝❛t❝❤ ④ ✴♣❤♦♦❡②✴ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t ✧✉♥♣❤♦♦❡②❭♥✧❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✺ ✴ ✺✻

  43. ▲❛t❡ ❈♦❞❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ❡✈❛❧ tr② ✴ ❝❛t❝❤ ✐♥ P❡r❧ s✉❜ tr② ✭✫❅✮ ④ ♠② ✭✩tr②✱ ✩❝❛t❝❤✮ ❂ ❅❴❀ ❡✈❛❧ ④ ✫✩tr② ⑥❀ ★ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ✐❢ ✭✩❅✮ ④ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✩❴ ❂ ✩❅❀ ▼♦st ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ✫✩❝❛t❝❤❀ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ❡✈❛❧ ⑥ ✭❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ♦r ♥♦t✮✿ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ⑥ ❝♦❞❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥✳ s✉❜ ❝❛t❝❤ ✭✫✮ ④ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✩❴❬✵❪❀ ★ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ⑥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥s✳ tr② ④ ❞✐❡ ✧♣❤♦♦❡②✧❀ ⑥ ❝❛t❝❤ ④ ✴♣❤♦♦❡②✴ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t ✧✉♥♣❤♦♦❡②❭♥✧❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✺ ✴ ✺✻

  44. ▲❛t❡ ❈♦❞❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ❡✈❛❧ tr② ✴ ❝❛t❝❤ ✐♥ P❡r❧ s✉❜ tr② ✭✫❅✮ ④ ♠② ✭✩tr②✱ ✩❝❛t❝❤✮ ❂ ❅❴❀ ❡✈❛❧ ④ ✫✩tr② ⑥❀ ★ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ✐❢ ✭✩❅✮ ④ ❧♦❝❛❧ ✩❴ ❂ ✩❅❀ ▼♦st ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ✫✩❝❛t❝❤❀ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ❡✈❛❧ ⑥ ✭❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ♦r ♥♦t✮✿ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ⑥ ❝♦❞❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥✳ s✉❜ ❝❛t❝❤ ✭✫✮ ④ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✩❴❬✵❪❀ ★ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ⑥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥s✳ tr② ④ ❞✐❡ ✧♣❤♦♦❡②✧❀ ⑥ ❝❛t❝❤ ④ ✴♣❤♦♦❡②✴ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t ✧✉♥♣❤♦♦❡②❭♥✧❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✺ ✴ ✺✻

  45. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡s ✐♥ ❚✐❣❡r ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✸❪ ❉❡s✐❣♥ ❑❡②✇♦r❞s Pr♦❣r❛♠ ■❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❈♦♠♣✐❧❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥ ❝♦❞❡✱ ❢r❛♠❡s✱ t②♣❡s ❊①❡❝✉t✐♦♥ ❘❡❝♦r❞s✱ ❛rr❛②s ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s ▲✐tt❧❡ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❜❡❤❛✈✐♦r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✻ ✴ ✺✻

  46. ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ✷ ❈♦♠♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ✸ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✼ ✴ ✺✻

  47. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♦r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♦♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❤❡❝❦ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ♠♦st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❤✐s ♠❡♠♦r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♦♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❞♦✴✉♥❞♦✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♦r ♥❛rr♦✇ ❝♦♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✽ ✴ ✺✻

  48. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♦r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♦♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❤❡❝❦ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ♠♦st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❤✐s ♠❡♠♦r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♦♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❞♦✴✉♥❞♦✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♦r ♥❛rr♦✇ ❝♦♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✽ ✴ ✺✻

  49. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♦r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♦♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❤❡❝❦ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ♠♦st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❤✐s ♠❡♠♦r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♦♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❞♦✴✉♥❞♦✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♦r ♥❛rr♦✇ ❝♦♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✽ ✴ ✺✻

  50. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♦r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♦♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❤❡❝❦ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ♠♦st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❤✐s ♠❡♠♦r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♦♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❞♦✴✉♥❞♦✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♦r ♥❛rr♦✇ ❝♦♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✽ ✴ ✺✻

  51. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♦r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♦♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❤❡❝❦ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ♠♦st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♦r♠ ♦❢ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♦♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❤✐s ♠❡♠♦r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♦ s❝♦♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♦♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♦r② ✭❞♦✴✉♥❞♦✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♦r ♥❛rr♦✇ ❝♦♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❤♦✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✽ ✴ ✺✻

  52. ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❤❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ✉♥❞♦ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♦♣❡❞ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♦r ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♦✿ r❡❧② ♦♥ ❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✾ ✴ ✺✻

  53. ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❤❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ✉♥❞♦ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♦♣❡❞ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♦r ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♦✿ r❡❧② ♦♥ ❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✾ ✴ ✺✻

  54. ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❤❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ✉♥❞♦ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♦♣❡❞ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♦r ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♦✿ r❡❧② ♦♥ ❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✾ ✴ ✺✻

  55. ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❤❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ✉♥❞♦ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♦♣❡❞ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♦r ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♦✿ r❡❧② ♦♥ ❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✾ ✴ ✺✻

  56. ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❤❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ✉♥❞♦ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♦♣❡❞ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♦r ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♦✿ r❡❧② ♦♥ ❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✾ ✴ ✺✻

  57. ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♦♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♦♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♦t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❤❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♦rt ✉♥❞♦ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♦♣❡❞ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♦r ✐❢ t❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♦✿ r❡❧② ♦♥ ❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♦t❤❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✾ ✴ ✺✻

  58. ✭◆♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❤❛s❤ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✵ ✴ ✺✻

  59. ✭◆♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❤❛s❤ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✵ ✴ ✺✻

  60. ✭◆♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❤❛s❤ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✵ ✴ ✺✻

  61. ✭◆♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❤❛s❤ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✵ ✴ ✺✻

  62. ✭◆♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❤❛s❤ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✵ ✴ ✺✻

  63. ✭◆♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❤❛s❤ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✵ ✴ ✺✻

  64. ✭◆♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❤❛s❤ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✵ ✴ ✺✻

  65. ✭◆♦♥ ❙❝♦♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❤❛s❤ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✵ ✴ ✺✻

  66. ❙❝♦♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡✿ s②♠❜♦❧✿✿❚❛❜❧❡ ❝❧❛ss ❚❛❜❧❡ t❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ❁t②♣❡♥❛♠❡ ❊♥tr②❴❚❃ ❝❧❛ss ❚❛❜❧❡ ④ ♣✉❜❧✐❝✿ ❚❛❜❧❡✭✮❀ ❛✉t♦ ♣✉t✭s②♠❜♦❧ ❦❡②✱ ❊♥tr②❴❚✫ ✈❛❧✮ ✲❃ ✈♦✐❞❀ ❛✉t♦ ❣❡t✭s②♠❜♦❧ ❦❡②✮ ❝♦♥st ✲❃ ❊♥tr②❴❚✯❀ ❛✉t♦ s❝♦♣❡❴❜❡❣✐♥✭✮ ✲❃ ✈♦✐❞❀ ❛✉t♦ s❝♦♣❡❴❡♥❞✭✮ ✲❃ ✈♦✐❞❀ ❛✉t♦ ♣r✐♥t✭st❞✿✿♦str❡❛♠✫ ♦str✮ ❝♦♥st ✲❃ ✈♦✐❞❀ ⑥❀ ◆♦t ✈❡r② ❈ ✰✰ ✭✐t❡r❛t♦rs ✐♥st❡❛❞ ♦❢ ♣♦✐♥t❡rs✱ ♦♣❡r❛t♦r❬❪ ✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✶ ✴ ✺✻

  67. ❙❝♦♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥s ▼✐①✐♥❣ ❙t❛❝❦s ❛♥❞ ❆ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❆rr❛②s ❈♦♣②✐♥❣✱ ♦r ♥♦t ❝♦♣②✐♥❣❄ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ✭◆♦♥ ❉❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✮ ❱❡rs✐♦♥s ▼♦♥❣r❡❧s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✷ ✴ ✺✻

  68. ❙❝♦♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥s ▼✐①✐♥❣ ❙t❛❝❦s ❛♥❞ ❆ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❆rr❛②s ❈♦♣②✐♥❣✱ ♦r ♥♦t ❝♦♣②✐♥❣❄ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ✭◆♦♥ ❉❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✮ ❱❡rs✐♦♥s ▼♦♥❣r❡❧s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✷ ✴ ✺✻

  69. ❙❝♦♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥s ▼✐①✐♥❣ ❙t❛❝❦s ❛♥❞ ❆ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❆rr❛②s ❈♦♣②✐♥❣✱ ♦r ♥♦t ❝♦♣②✐♥❣❄ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ✭◆♦♥ ❉❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✮ ❱❡rs✐♦♥s ▼♦♥❣r❡❧s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✷ ✴ ✺✻

  70. ❙❝♦♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♦❧ ❚❛❜❧❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥s ▼✐①✐♥❣ ❙t❛❝❦s ❛♥❞ ❆ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❆rr❛②s ❈♦♣②✐♥❣✱ ♦r ♥♦t ❝♦♣②✐♥❣❄ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ✭◆♦♥ ❉❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✮ ❱❡rs✐♦♥s ▼♦♥❣r❡❧s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✷ ✴ ✺✻

  71. ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♦❧ t✉ s♦rs ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❤❡♥ ❞♦ ②♦✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♦♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♦♣❡❴❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛t❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❜② ❤❛♥❞ t❤❛♥❦s ●♦❞ ❢♦r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✸ ✴ ✺✻

  72. ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♦❧ t✉ s♦rs ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❤❡♥ ❞♦ ②♦✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♦♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♦♣❡❴❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛t❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❜② ❤❛♥❞ t❤❛♥❦s ●♦❞ ❢♦r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✸ ✴ ✺✻

  73. ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♦❧ t✉ s♦rs ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❤❡♥ ❞♦ ②♦✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♦♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♦♣❡❴❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛t❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❜② ❤❛♥❞ t❤❛♥❦s ●♦❞ ❢♦r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✸ ✴ ✺✻

  74. ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♦❧ t✉ s♦rs ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❤❡♥ ❞♦ ②♦✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♦♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♦♣❡❴❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛t❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❜② ❤❛♥❞ t❤❛♥❦s ●♦❞ ❢♦r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✸ ✴ ✺✻

  75. t✉ s♦rs ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❤❡♥ ❞♦ ②♦✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♦♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♦♣❡❴❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛t❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❜② ❤❛♥❞ t❤❛♥❦s ●♦❞ ❢♦r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♦❧ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✸ ✴ ✺✻

  76. t✉ s♦rs ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❤❡♥ ❞♦ ②♦✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♦♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♦♣❡❴❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛t❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❜② ❤❛♥❞ t❤❛♥❦s ●♦❞ ❢♦r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♦❧ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✸ ✴ ✺✻

  77. ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❤❡♥ ❞♦ ②♦✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♦♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❤❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♦♣❡❴❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❤❡ ❞❛t❛ t♦ t❤❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥ ❜② ❤❛♥❞ t❤❛♥❦s ●♦❞ ❢♦r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♦❧ ♥❡✈❡r t✉ s♦rs ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✸ ✴ ✺✻

  78. ❈♦✉rt❡s② ♦❢ ❆r♥❛✉❞ ❋❛❜r❡✳ ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ❡①✐t ❇✉t t❤❡♥✳✳✳ ❚✇✐❝❡ ❢♦♦ ❚✇♦ ❧❡t s ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✹✷ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✹✷ ✐♥ ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✺✶ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✺✶ ✐♥ ❢♦♦ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❢♦♦ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❜✉t t❤❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥✳✳✳ ❊s❝❛♣✐♥❣ t②♣❡ ❙❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✈✐♦❧❛t✐♦♥✳✳✳ ❧❡t t②♣❡ r❡❝ ❂ ④⑥ ✐♥ r❡❝ ④⑥ ❡♥❞ ❁❃ ♥✐❧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✹ ✴ ✺✻

  79. ❈♦✉rt❡s② ♦❢ ❆r♥❛✉❞ ❋❛❜r❡✳ ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ❡①✐t ❇✉t t❤❡♥✳✳✳ ❚✇✐❝❡ ❢♦♦ ❚✇♦ ❧❡t s ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✹✷ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✹✷ ✐♥ ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✺✶ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✺✶ ✐♥ ❢♦♦ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❢♦♦ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❜✉t t❤❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥✳✳✳ ❊s❝❛♣✐♥❣ t②♣❡ ❙❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✈✐♦❧❛t✐♦♥✳✳✳ ❧❡t t②♣❡ r❡❝ ❂ ④⑥ ✐♥ r❡❝ ④⑥ ❡♥❞ ❁❃ ♥✐❧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✹ ✴ ✺✻

  80. ❈♦✉rt❡s② ♦❢ ❆r♥❛✉❞ ❋❛❜r❡✳ ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ❡①✐t ❇✉t t❤❡♥✳✳✳ ❚✇✐❝❡ ❢♦♦ ❚✇♦ ❧❡t s ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✹✷ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✹✷ ✐♥ ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✺✶ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✺✶ ✐♥ ❢♦♦ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❢♦♦ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❜✉t t❤❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥✳✳✳ ❊s❝❛♣✐♥❣ t②♣❡ ❙❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✈✐♦❧❛t✐♦♥✳✳✳ ❧❡t t②♣❡ r❡❝ ❂ ④⑥ ✐♥ r❡❝ ④⑥ ❡♥❞ ❁❃ ♥✐❧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✹ ✴ ✺✻

  81. ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ♦♥ s❝♦♣❡ ❡①✐t ❇✉t t❤❡♥✳✳✳ ❚✇✐❝❡ ❢♦♦ ❚✇♦ ❧❡t s ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✹✷ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✹✷ ✐♥ ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✺✶ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♦♦ ✿❂ ✺✶ ✐♥ ❢♦♦ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❢♦♦ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❜✉t t❤❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥✳✳✳ ❊s❝❛♣✐♥❣ t②♣❡ ❙❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✈✐♦❧❛t✐♦♥✳✳✳ ❈♦✉rt❡s② ♦❢ ❆r♥❛✉❞ ❋❛❜r❡✳ ❧❡t t②♣❡ r❡❝ ❂ ④⑥ ✐♥ r❡❝ ④⑥ ❡♥❞ ❁❃ ♥✐❧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✹ ✴ ✺✻

  82. ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❆❙❚ ❛♥♥♦t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛st ❛♥♥♦t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❤ s❝♦♣✐♥❣ ♥♦❞❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❧✐♥❦ t❤❡♠ ❧❡❛✈❡ t❛❜❧❡s ♦✉ts✐❞❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✺ ✴ ✺✻

  83. ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❆❙❚ ❛♥♥♦t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛st ❛♥♥♦t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❤ s❝♦♣✐♥❣ ♥♦❞❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❧✐♥❦ t❤❡♠ ❧❡❛✈❡ t❛❜❧❡s ♦✉ts✐❞❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✺ ✴ ✺✻

  84. ▼❡♠♦r② ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♦❝❛t❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❆❙❚ ❛♥♥♦t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❤ ♥♦❞❡ ♦❢ ❛st ❛♥♥♦t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❤ s❝♦♣✐♥❣ ♥♦❞❡ ✇✐t❤ ❛ s②♠❜♦❧ t❛❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❧✐♥❦ t❤❡♠ ❧❡❛✈❡ t❛❜❧❡s ♦✉ts✐❞❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✺ ✴ ✺✻

  85. ❇✐♥❞ t❤❡ ♥❛♠❡s✴▲❛❜❡❧ ❜② ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❋❛❝t♦r✐♥❣ ❙❝♦♣❡ ❍❛♥❞❧✐♥❣ ♥♦ s❝♦♣❡ ❤❛♥❞❧✐♥❣ ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s♦ ✉s❡ r❡❣✉❧❛r ❛ss♦❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❝♦♥t❛✐♥❡rs ❜✉t ❤♦✇ ❝❛♥ ②♦✉ ❣✉❛r❛♥t❡❡ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❞♦ ②♦✉ ♥❡❡❞ t♦ ♠❛❦❡ ♥❛♠❡s ✉♥✐q✉❡s❄ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♦♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✸✻ ✴ ✺✻

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