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s s s - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 10, 2023 •122 likes •1.58k views

s s s t t rst st

  1. ❲❀② ❙❝♊♣❡s❄ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❛r❡ t❀❡ ✜rst ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✎♠♊❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ▌❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ▌❛❝✐♥t♩s❀ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❀♊✉t s❝♊♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❀ s❝♊♣❡s✱ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♊❝✉s ♊♥ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♩rr❡❝t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♊♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✮ ✺✻

  2. ❲❀② ❙❝♊♣❡s❄ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❛r❡ t❀❡ ✜rst ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✎♠♊❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ▌❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ▌❛❝✐♥t♩s❀ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❀♊✉t s❝♊♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❀ s❝♊♣❡s✱ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♊❝✉s ♊♥ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♩rr❡❝t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♊♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✮ ✺✻

  3. ❲❀② ❙❝♊♣❡s❄ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❛r❡ t❀❡ ✜rst ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✎♠♊❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ▌❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ▌❛❝✐♥t♩s❀ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❀♊✉t s❝♊♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❀ s❝♊♣❡s✱ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♊❝✉s ♊♥ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♩rr❡❝t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♊♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✮ ✺✻

  4. ❲❀② ❙❝♊♣❡s❄ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❛r❡ t❀❡ ✜rst ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✎♠♊❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ▌❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ▌❛❝✐♥t♩s❀ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❀♊✉t s❝♊♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❀ s❝♊♣❡s✱ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♊❝✉s ♊♥ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♩rr❡❝t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♊♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✮ ✺✻

  5. ❲❀② ❙❝♊♣❡s❄ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❛r❡ t❀❡ ✜rst ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✎♠♊❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ▌❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ▌❛❝✐♥t♩s❀ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❀♊✉t s❝♊♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❀ s❝♊♣❡s✱ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♊❝✉s ♊♥ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♩rr❡❝t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♊♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✮ ✺✻

  6. ❲❀② ❙❝♊♣❡s❄ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❛r❡ t❀❡ ✜rst ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ str✉❝t✉r❡✎♠♊❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❛ss❡♠❜❧② ◆♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ▌❋❙ ✭❋✐rst ❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♊♥ ♊❢ t❀❡ ▌❛❝✐♥t♩s❀ ❋✐❧❡ ❙②st❡♠✮ ❲✐t❀♊✉t s❝♊♣❡s✱ ♥❛♠❡s ❀❛✈❡ ❛ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡ ❲✐t❀ s❝♊♣❡s✱ t❀❡ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠❡r ❝❛♥ ❢♊❝✉s ♊♥ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✐♥✢✉❡♥❝❡s ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❝♩rr❡❝t ♣r♊❣r❛♠s ✇✐t❀ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❛r❡ ✏✉s❡❧❡ss✑ ❈ ✰✰ ♥❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡s ❛r❡ ✏♣✉r❡ s❝♊♣❡s✑ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✶ ✮ ✺✻

  7. ❉❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ ✐♥t ❣❧♊❜❛❧❀ ❛✉t♩ ♩✉t❡r✭✈♊✐❞✮ ④ ❇❧♩❝❩s ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❡ s❝♊♣❡s✳ ✐♥t ❧♊❝❛❧✱ ♥♊♥❎❧♊❝❛❧❀ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐♥t ✐♥♥❡r✭✈♊✐❞✮ ♥♊♥ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ④ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s r❡t✉r♥ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✰ ♥♊♥❎❧♊❝❛❧❀ ⑥ r❡t✉r♥ ✐♥♥❡r❀ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✷ ✮ ✺✻

  8. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♊♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✞ ✮ ✺✻

  9. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♊♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✞ ✮ ✺✻

  10. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♊♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✞ ✮ ✺✻

  11. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♊♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✞ ✮ ✺✻

  12. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♊♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✞ ✮ ✺✻

  13. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♊♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✞ ✮ ✺✻

  14. ❙t❛t✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭❆❞❛✱ ❈✱ ❚✐❣❡r✱ ❋❖❘❚❘❆◆✱ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✱ P❡r❧ ✭ ♠② ✮✱ ❡t❝✳✮✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣✳ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s str♊♥❣ t②♣✐♥❣ ✭❆❞❛✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✜✱ ❚✐❣❡r✮✳ s❛❢❡r ❢❛st❡r ❝❧❡❛r❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✞ ✮ ✺✻

  15. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st s❝r✐♣t✐♥❣✎✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭P❡r❧ ✭ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✮✱ ❙❀❡❧❧ ❙❝r✐♣t✱ ❚ ❊❳ ❡t❝✳✮ ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ✐♥ ▲✐s♣ ✭❛s ♊♣♣♊s❡❞ t♩ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✮✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❚❡❳ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ④ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭❞❡❢ ❭① ✶ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭✐❢♥✉♠ ❭❛ ❁ ✹✷ ❭❞❡❢ ❭② ✺✶ ❭❢✐ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ♠❛② ❜❡ ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ⑥ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ Pr❡✈❡♥ts st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣ ❆♥ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r ♠❛② r❡❢❡r t♩ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✈❛❧✉❡s✱ ✇✐t❀ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t②♣❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✹ ✮ ✺✻

  16. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st s❝r✐♣t✐♥❣✎✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭P❡r❧ ✭ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✮✱ ❙❀❡❧❧ ❙❝r✐♣t✱ ❚ ❊❳ ❡t❝✳✮ ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ✐♥ ▲✐s♣ ✭❛s ♊♣♣♊s❡❞ t♩ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✮✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❚❡❳ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ④ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭❞❡❢ ❭① ✶ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭✐❢♥✉♠ ❭❛ ❁ ✹✷ ❭❞❡❢ ❭② ✺✶ ❭❢✐ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ♠❛② ❜❡ ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ⑥ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ Pr❡✈❡♥ts st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣ ❆♥ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r ♠❛② r❡❢❡r t♩ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✈❛❧✉❡s✱ ✇✐t❀ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t②♣❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✹ ✮ ✺✻

  17. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ■♥ ♠♩st s❝r✐♣t✐♥❣✎✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ✭P❡r❧ ✭ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✮✱ ❙❀❡❧❧ ❙❝r✐♣t✱ ❚ ❊❳ ❡t❝✳✮ ❜✉t ❛❧s♩ ✐♥ ▲✐s♣ ✭❛s ♊♣♣♊s❡❞ t♩ ❙❝❀❡♠❡✮✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❙❝♊♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❚❡❳ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ④ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭❞❡❢ ❭① ✶ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ❭✐❢♥✉♠ ❭❛ ❁ ✹✷ ❭❞❡❢ ❭② ✺✶ ❭❢✐ ✪ ❭① ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✱ ❭② ♠❛② ❜❡ ❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ ⑥ ✪ ❭①✱ ❭② ✉♥❞❡❢✐♥❡❞✳ Pr❡✈❡♥ts st❛t✐❝ t②♣✐♥❣ ❆♥ ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r ♠❛② r❡❢❡r t♩ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✈❛❧✉❡s✱ ✇✐t❀ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t②♣❡s✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✹ ✮ ✺✻

  18. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❚✐❣❡r ▌❛♥② ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t t ✱ ✐♥❝❧✉❞✐♥❣ s❡✈❡r❛❧ ✏✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s✑✳ t t✐♠❡ ❧❡t t②♣❡ t ❂ ④ ❀✿ ✐♥t✱ t✿ t ⑥ ❢✉♥❝t✐♊♥ t ✭❀✿ ✐♥t✱ t✿ t✮ ✿ t ❂ t ④ ❀ ❂ ❀✱ t ❂ t ⑥ ✈❛r t ✿❂ t ✭✶✷✱ ♥✐❧✮ ✈❛r t ✿❂ t ✭✶✷✱ t✮ ✐♥ t✳t ❂ t ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✺ ✮ ✺✻

  19. ❙❝♊♣❡s ❬❆♣♣❡❧✱ ✶✟✟✜❪ ▌▲ ❏❛✈❛ ✭❢✇❞ ❞❡❝❧❛r❛t✐♊♥ ❛❧❧♊✇❡❞✮ str✉❝t✉r❡ â–Œ ❂ str✉❝t ♣❛❝❊❛❣❡ ▌❀ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❊ ❂ str✉❝t ❝❧❛ss ❊ ④ ✈❛❧ ❛ ❂ ✺❀ st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t ❛ ❂ ✺❀ ❡♥❞ ⑥ str✉❝t✉r❡ ◆ ❂ str✉❝t ❝❧❛ss ◆ ④ ✈❛❧ ❜ ❂ ✶✵❀ st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t ❜ ❂ ✶✵❀ ✈❛❧ ❛ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ❜❀ st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t ❛ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ❜❀ ❡♥❞ ⑥ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉ ❂ str✉❝t ❝❧❛ss ❉ ④ ✈❛❧ ❞ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ◆✳❛❀ st❛t✐❝ ✐♥t ❞ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ◆✳❛❀ ❡♥❞ ⑥ ❡♥❞ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✻ ✮ ✺✻

  20. ❙❝♊♣❡s ❬❆♣♣❡❧✱ ✶✟✟✜❪ = Pr❡❧✉❞❡ σ ✵ = { a : int } str✉❝t✉r❡ â–Œ ❂ str✉❝t σ ✶ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❊ ❂ str✉❝t = { E : σ ✶ } σ ✷ ✈❛❧ ❛ ❂ ✺❀ = { b : int , a : int } σ ✾ ❡♥❞ = { N : σ ✾ } str✉❝t✉r❡ ◆ ❂ str✉❝t σ ✹ ✈❛❧ ❜ ❂ ✶✵❀ = { d : int } σ ✺ ✈❛❧ ❛ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ❜❀ = { D : σ ✺ } σ ✻ ❡♥❞ str✉❝t✉r❡ ❉ ❂ str✉❝t = σ ✷ + σ ✹ + σ ✻ σ ✌ ✈❛❧ ❞ ❂ ❊✳❛ ✰ ◆✳❛❀ ❡♥❞ σ ✵ + σ ✷ ⊢ N : σ ✾ ( ▌▲ ) ❡♥❞ σ ✵ + σ ✷ + σ ✹ ⊢ N : σ ✾ ( ❏❛✈❛ ) σ ✵ + σ ✷ + σ ✹ + σ ✻ ⊢ M : σ ✌ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✌ ✮ ✺✻

  21. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♩r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥ ✭❛s ♊♣♣♊s❡❞ t♩ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♊❢ ❜❧♩❝❩ t❡♥❞ t♩ ♣r♩♠♩t❡ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♊✇♥ ✱ P▲✎■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♊♥❄ ▌♊❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♩ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❀✐s ❜❧♩❝❩ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✜ ✮ ✺✻

  22. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♩r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥ ✭❛s ♊♣♣♊s❡❞ t♩ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♊❢ ❜❧♩❝❩ t❡♥❞ t♩ ♣r♩♠♩t❡ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♊✇♥ ✱ P▲✎■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♊♥❄ ▌♊❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♩ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❀✐s ❜❧♩❝❩ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✜ ✮ ✺✻

  23. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♩r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥ ✭❛s ♊♣♣♊s❡❞ t♩ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♊❢ ❜❧♩❝❩ t❡♥❞ t♩ ♣r♩♠♩t❡ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♊✇♥ ✱ P▲✎■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♊♥❄ ▌♊❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♩ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❀✐s ❜❧♩❝❩ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✜ ✮ ✺✻

  24. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♩r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥ ✭❛s ♊♣♣♊s❡❞ t♩ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♊❢ ❜❧♩❝❩ t❡♥❞ t♩ ♣r♩♠♩t❡ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♊✇♥ ✱ P▲✎■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♊♥❄ ▌♊❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♩ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❀✐s ❜❧♩❝❩ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✜ ✮ ✺✻

  25. ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✭♩r ❡①t❡♥t✮ ▲✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ✐s ❛ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ♠❛tt❡r✱ r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ t❀❡ ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥ ✭❛s ♊♣♣♊s❡❞ t♩ ✈✐s✐❜✐❧✐t②✮✳ ❊①t❡♥t ❜♊✉♥❞ t♩ ❧✐❢❡t✐♠❡ ♊❢ ❜❧♩❝❩ t❡♥❞ t♩ ♣r♩♠♩t❡ ❣❧♊❜❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✭P❛s❝❛❧✮✳ ❙t❛t✐❝ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛s ✐♥ ❈ ✭ st❛t✐❝ ✮✱ ❆▲●❖▲ ✻✵ ♊✇♥ ✱ P▲✎■✳ ■♥✐t✐❛❧✐③❛t✐♊♥❄ ▌♊❞✉❧❡s t❡♥❞ t♩ r❡♣❧❛❝❡ t❀✐s ❜❧♩❝❩ r❡❧❛t❡❞ ❢❡❛t✉r❡✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✜ ✮ ✺✻

  26. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♩t ♊❢ s❝♊♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♩❝❩ s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♊♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♊♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✟ ✮ ✺✻

  27. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♩t ♊❢ s❝♊♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♩❝❩ s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♊♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♊♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✟ ✮ ✺✻

  28. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♩t ♊❢ s❝♊♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♩❝❩ s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♊♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♊♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✟ ✮ ✺✻

  29. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♩t ♊❢ s❝♊♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♩❝❩ s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♊♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♊♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✟ ✮ ✺✻

  30. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♩t ♊❢ s❝♊♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♩❝❩ s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♊♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♊♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✟ ✮ ✺✻

  31. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♩t ♊❢ s❝♊♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♩❝❩ s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♊♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♊♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✟ ✮ ✺✻

  32. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♩t ♊❢ s❝♊♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♩❝❩ s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♊♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♊♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✟ ✮ ✺✻

  33. ❙❝♊♣❡s ✐♥ ❈✰✰ ❆ ❧♩t ♊❢ s❝♊♣❡ ✐♥ ❛ r❡❛❧ ♣r♊❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡✳ ❇❧♩❝❩ s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ◆❛♠❡s♣❛❝❡ s❝♊♣❡ ❈❧❛ss s❝♊♣❡ ❊♥✉♠❡r❛t✐♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❚❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡r s❝♊♣❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶✟ ✮ ✺✻

  34. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶ ◆❛♠❡s ❙❝♊♣❡s ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ✷ ❈♊♠♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✾ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✵ ✮ ✺✻

  35. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡ ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❲❀❡♥ ❛ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❢r♩♠ ❛ ♥❛♠❡ t♩ ❛♥ ♊❜❥❡❝t ✐s ♠❛❞❡✳ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ✐❢ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❞❛t❛ ✇✐❞t❀ ♣r♊❣r❛♠ ✇r✐t✐♥❣ ❢♊♊ ✱ ❜❛r ❝♊♠♣✐❧❛t✐♊♥ st❛t✐❝ ♊❜❥❡❝ts✱ ❝♊❞❡ ❧✐♥❊❛❣❡ r❡❧❛t✐✈❡ ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s ❧♊❛❞✐♥❣ s❀❛r❡❞ ♊❜❥❡❝ts ❡①❡❝✉t✐♊♥ ❀❡❛♣ ♊❜❥❡❝ts ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✶ ✮ ✺✻

  36. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡✿ t❀❡ ♠♊✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❘♊✉❣❀❧②✱ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ❛r❡ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞ ♊♥ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ t✐♠❡✳ ❚❀❡ ▌♊✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✲t✐♠❡ ❡❛r❧② ✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲❃ ❧❛t❡ ■◆❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ■◆❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✷ ✮ ✺✻

  37. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡✿ t❀❡ ♠♊✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❘♊✉❣❀❧②✱ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ❛r❡ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞ ♊♥ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ t✐♠❡✳ ❚❀❡ ▌♊✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✲t✐♠❡ ❡❛r❧② ✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲❃ ❧❛t❡ ■◆❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ■◆❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✷ ✮ ✺✻

  38. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡✿ t❀❡ ♠♊✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❘♊✉❣❀❧②✱ ✢❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❡✣❝✐❡♥❝② ❛r❡ ♠✉t✉❛❧❧② ❡①❝❧✉s✐✈❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞ ♊♥ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ t✐♠❡✳ ❚❀❡ ▌♊✈✐♥❣ ■◆ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✲t✐♠❡ ❡❛r❧② ✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲✲❃ ❧❛t❡ ■◆❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❢❧❡①✐❜✐❧✐t② ❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ■◆❡❢❢✐❝✐❡♥❝② ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✷ ✮ ✺✻

  39. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ ✐♥ ❈ ✰✰ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❞✐s♣❛t❝❀ ✐s r♊✉❣❀❧② r✉♥t✐♠❡ ♊✈❡r❧♊❛❞✐♥❣✳ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❉✐s♣❛t❝❀ ✐♥ ❈ ✰✰ str✉❝t ❙❀❛♣❡ ④ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ ✈♩✐❞ ❞r❛✇✭✮ ❝♊♥st ❂ ✵❀ ⑥❀ str✉❝t ❙q✉❛r❡ ✿ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ❙❀❛♣❡ ④ ✈♩✐❞ ❞r❛✇✭✮ ❝♊♥st ♊✈❡rr✐❞❡ ④⑥❀ ⑥❀ str✉❝t ❈✐r❝❧❡ ✿ ♣✉❜❧✐❝ ❙❀❛♣❡ ④ ✈♩✐❞ ❞r❛✇✭✮ ❝♊♥st ♊✈❡rr✐❞❡ ④⑥❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✞ ✮ ✺✻

  40. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ✈✐rt✉❛❧ ✐♥ ❈ ✰✰ ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❉✐s♣❛t❝❀ ✐♥ ❈ ✰✰ ★✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ❁✈❡❝t♩r❃ ★✐♥❝❧✉❞❡ ✧s❀❛♣❡s✳❀❀✧ ✉s✐♥❣ s❀❛♣❡s❎t②♣❡ ❂ st❞✿✿✈❡❝t♩r❁❙❀❛♣❡✯❃❀ ✐♥t ♠❛✐♥✭✮ ④ ❛✉t♩ ss ❂ s❀❛♣❡s❎t②♣❡④♥❡✇ ❈✐r❝❧❡✱ ♥❡✇ ❙q✉❛r❡⑥❀ ❢♊r ✭❛✉t♩ s✿ ss✮ ✮✮ ■♥❝❧✉s✐♊♥ ♣♊❧②♠♊r♣❀✐s♠✳ s✲❃❞r❛✇✭✮❀ ⑥ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✹ ✮ ✺✻

  41. ▲❛t❡ ❈♊❞❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ❡✈❛❧ tr② ✮ ❝❛t❝❀ ✐♥ P❡r❧ s✉❜ tr② ✭✫❅✮ ④ ♠② ✭✩tr②✱ ✩❝❛t❝❀✮ ❂ ❅❮❀ ❡✈❛❧ ④ ✫✩tr② ⑥❀ ★ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ✐❢ ✭✩❅✮ ④ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✩❎ ❂ ✩❅❀ ▌♊st ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ✫✩❝❛t❝❀❀ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ❡✈❛❧ ⑥ ✭❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ♩r ♥♊t✮✿ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ⑥ ❝♊❞❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥✳ s✉❜ ❝❛t❝❀ ✭✫✮ ④ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✩❎❬✵❪❀ ★ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ⑥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥s✳ tr② ④ ❞✐❡ ✧♣❀♊♊❡②✧❀ ⑥ ❝❛t❝❀ ④ ✎♣❀♊♊❡②✎ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t ✧✉♥♣❀♊♊❡②❭♥✧❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✺ ✮ ✺✻

  42. ▲❛t❡ ❈♊❞❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ❡✈❛❧ tr② ✮ ❝❛t❝❀ ✐♥ P❡r❧ s✉❜ tr② ✭✫❅✮ ④ ♠② ✭✩tr②✱ ✩❝❛t❝❀✮ ❂ ❅❮❀ ❡✈❛❧ ④ ✫✩tr② ⑥❀ ★ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ✐❢ ✭✩❅✮ ④ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✩❎ ❂ ✩❅❀ ▌♊st ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ✫✩❝❛t❝❀❀ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ❡✈❛❧ ⑥ ✭❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ♩r ♥♊t✮✿ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ⑥ ❝♊❞❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥✳ s✉❜ ❝❛t❝❀ ✭✫✮ ④ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✩❎❬✵❪❀ ★ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ⑥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥s✳ tr② ④ ❞✐❡ ✧♣❀♊♊❡②✧❀ ⑥ ❝❛t❝❀ ④ ✎♣❀♊♊❡②✎ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t ✧✉♥♣❀♊♊❡②❭♥✧❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✺ ✮ ✺✻

  43. ▲❛t❡ ❈♊❞❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ❡✈❛❧ tr② ✮ ❝❛t❝❀ ✐♥ P❡r❧ s✉❜ tr② ✭✫❅✮ ④ ♠② ✭✩tr②✱ ✩❝❛t❝❀✮ ❂ ❅❮❀ ❡✈❛❧ ④ ✫✩tr② ⑥❀ ★ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ✐❢ ✭✩❅✮ ④ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✩❎ ❂ ✩❅❀ ▌♊st ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ✫✩❝❛t❝❀❀ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ❡✈❛❧ ⑥ ✭❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ♩r ♥♊t✮✿ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ⑥ ❝♊❞❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥✳ s✉❜ ❝❛t❝❀ ✭✫✮ ④ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✩❎❬✵❪❀ ★ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ⑥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥s✳ tr② ④ ❞✐❡ ✧♣❀♊♊❡②✧❀ ⑥ ❝❛t❝❀ ④ ✎♣❀♊♊❡②✎ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t ✧✉♥♣❀♊♊❡②❭♥✧❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✺ ✮ ✺✻

  44. ▲❛t❡ ❈♊❞❡ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣✿ ❡✈❛❧ tr② ✮ ❝❛t❝❀ ✐♥ P❡r❧ s✉❜ tr② ✭✫❅✮ ④ ♠② ✭✩tr②✱ ✩❝❛t❝❀✮ ❂ ❅❮❀ ❡✈❛❧ ④ ✫✩tr② ⑥❀ ★ ❊①♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ✐❢ ✭✩❅✮ ④ ❧♩❝❛❧ ✩❎ ❂ ✩❅❀ ▌♊st ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ✫✩❝❛t❝❀❀ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ❡✈❛❧ ⑥ ✭❡①♣❧✐❝✐t ♩r ♥♊t✮✿ r✉♥t✐♠❡ ⑥ ❝♊❞❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♊♥✳ s✉❜ ❝❛t❝❀ ✭✫✮ ④ ❊♥❛❜❧❡s ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ ✩❎❬✵❪❀ ★ ✐♠♣❧✐❝✐t ❡✈❛❧✳ ⑥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♊♥s✳ tr② ④ ❞✐❡ ✧♣❀♊♊❡②✧❀ ⑥ ❝❛t❝❀ ④ ✎♣❀♊♊❡②✎ ❛♥❞ ♣r✐♥t ✧✉♥♣❀♊♊❡②❭♥✧❀ ⑥❀ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✺ ✮ ✺✻

  45. ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❚✐♠❡s ✐♥ ❚✐❣❡r ❬❊❞✇❛r❞s✱ ✷✵✵✞❪ ❉❡s✐❣♥ ❑❡②✇♊r❞s Pr♊❣r❛♠ ■❞❡♥t✐✜❡rs ❈♊♠♣✐❧❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥ ❝♊❞❡✱ ❢r❛♠❡s✱ t②♣❡s ❊①❡❝✉t✐♊♥ ❘❡❝♊r❞s✱ ❛rr❛②s ❛❞❞r❡ss❡s ▲✐tt❧❡ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝ ❜❡❀❛✈✐♊r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✻ ✮ ✺✻

  46. ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✶ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ✷ ❈♊♠♣❧✐❝❛t✐♊♥s ✾ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✌ ✮ ✺✻

  47. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♩r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♊♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❀❡❝❊ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♊♥s ♠♩st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❀✐s ♠❡♠♊r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♊♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❞♊✎✉♥❞♊✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♊r ♥❛rr♩✇ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✜ ✮ ✺✻

  48. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♩r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♊♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❀❡❝❊ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♊♥s ♠♩st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❀✐s ♠❡♠♊r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♊♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❞♊✎✉♥❞♊✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♊r ♥❛rr♩✇ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✜ ✮ ✺✻

  49. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♩r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♊♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❀❡❝❊ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♊♥s ♠♩st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❀✐s ♠❡♠♊r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♊♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❞♊✎✉♥❞♊✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♊r ♥❛rr♩✇ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✜ ✮ ✺✻

  50. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♩r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♊♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❀❡❝❊ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♊♥s ♠♩st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❀✐s ♠❡♠♊r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♊♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❞♊✎✉♥❞♊✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♊r ♥❛rr♩✇ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✜ ✮ ✺✻

  51. ❱✐s✐t✐♥❣ ❛♥ ❛st ❋♩r st❛t✐❝❛❧❧② s❝♊♣❡❞ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s ♠❛♥② tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ❝❀❡❝❊ ✉s❡s ❛❣❛✐♥st ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♊♥s ♠♩st tr❛✈❡rs❛❧s ♥❡❡❞ ❛ ❢♊r♠ ♊❢ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❜✐♥❞✐♥❣✱ t②♣❡✱ ❡s❝❛♣❡s✱ ✐♥❧✐♥✐♥❣✱ tr❛♥s❧❛t✐♊♥✱ ❡t❝✳✮ t❀✐s ♠❡♠♊r② ✐s r❡❧❛t❡❞ t♩ s❝♊♣❡s ✇❡ ♥❡❡❞ s♊♠❡ r❡✈❡rs✐❜❧❡ ♠❡♠♊r② ✭❞♊✎✉♥❞♊✮ ❙✐♠✐❧❛r❧② ❢♊r ♥❛rr♩✇ ❝♊♠♣✐❧❡rs ✇✐t❀♊✉t ❛st ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✜ ✮ ✺✻

  52. ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♊t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❀❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ✉♥❞♊ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♊♣❡❞ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♩r ✐❢ t❀❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♊✿ r❡❧② ♊♥ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♩t❀❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✟ ✮ ✺✻

  53. ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♊t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❀❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ✉♥❞♊ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♊♣❡❞ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♩r ✐❢ t❀❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♊✿ r❡❧② ♊♥ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♩t❀❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✟ ✮ ✺✻

  54. ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♊t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❀❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ✉♥❞♊ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♊♣❡❞ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♩r ✐❢ t❀❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♊✿ r❡❧② ♊♥ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♩t❀❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✟ ✮ ✺✻

  55. ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♊t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❀❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ✉♥❞♊ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♊♣❡❞ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♩r ✐❢ t❀❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♊✿ r❡❧② ♊♥ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♩t❀❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✟ ✮ ✺✻

  56. ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♊t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❀❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ✉♥❞♊ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♊♣❡❞ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♩r ✐❢ t❀❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♊✿ r❡❧② ♊♥ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♩t❀❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✟ ✮ ✺✻

  57. ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s✿ ❙❝♊♣❡s ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s❄ ❍❛♥❞❧❡ s❝♊♣❡s ❡①♣❧✐❝✐t❧②❄ ♥♊t ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ❛❧❧ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ②❡s✿ t❀❡ t❛❜❧❡s s✉♣♣♊rt ✉♥❞♊ ✿ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s❝♊♣❡❞ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡s ♩r ✐❢ t❀❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥♊✿ r❡❧② ♊♥ ❛✉t♩♠❛t✐❝ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ✐❞❡♥t✐✜❡r r❡q✉✐r❡❞ ♩t❀❡r✇✐s❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✷✟ ✮ ✺✻

  58. ✭◆♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❀❛s❀ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✵ ✮ ✺✻

  59. ✭◆♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❀❛s❀ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✵ ✮ ✺✻

  60. ✭◆♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❀❛s❀ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✵ ✮ ✺✻

  61. ✭◆♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❀❛s❀ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✵ ✮ ✺✻

  62. ✭◆♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❀❛s❀ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✵ ✮ ✺✻

  63. ✭◆♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❀❛s❀ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✵ ✮ ✺✻

  64. ✭◆♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❀❛s❀ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✵ ✮ ✺✻

  65. ✭◆♊♥ ❙❝♊♣❡❞✮ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡s ❆♥ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❛rr❛② ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ❛ ❧✐st ♣✉t ❛ tr❡❡ ❣❡t ❛ ❀❛s❀ ✳✳✳ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✵ ✮ ✺✻

  66. ❙❝♊♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡✿ s②♠❜♊❧✿✿❚❛❜❧❡ ❝❧❛ss ❚❛❜❧❡ t❡♠♣❧❛t❡ ❁t②♣❡♥❛♠❡ ❊♥tr②❎❚❃ ❝❧❛ss ❚❛❜❧❡ ④ ♣✉❜❧✐❝✿ ❚❛❜❧❡✭✮❀ ❛✉t♩ ♣✉t✭s②♠❜♊❧ ❊❡②✱ ❊♥tr②❎❚✫ ✈❛❧✮ ✲❃ ✈♩✐❞❀ ❛✉t♩ ❣❡t✭s②♠❜♊❧ ❊❡②✮ ❝♊♥st ✲❃ ❊♥tr②❎❚✯❀ ❛✉t♩ s❝♊♣❡❎❜❡❣✐♥✭✮ ✲❃ ✈♩✐❞❀ ❛✉t♩ s❝♊♣❡❎❡♥❞✭✮ ✲❃ ✈♩✐❞❀ ❛✉t♩ ♣r✐♥t✭st❞✿✿♊str❡❛♠✫ ♩str✮ ❝♊♥st ✲❃ ✈♩✐❞❀ ⑥❀ ◆♩t ✈❡r② ❈ ✰✰ ✭✐t❡r❛t♩rs ✐♥st❡❛❞ ♊❢ ♣♊✐♥t❡rs✱ ♊♣❡r❛t♩r❬❪ ✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✶ ✮ ✺✻

  67. ❙❝♊♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ▌✐①✐♥❣ ❙t❛❝❩s ❛♥❞ ❆ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❆rr❛②s ❈♊♣②✐♥❣✱ ♩r ♥♊t ❝♊♣②✐♥❣❄ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥❛❧ ✭◆♊♥ ❉❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✮ ❱❡rs✐♊♥s ▌♊♥❣r❡❧s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✷ ✮ ✺✻

  68. ❙❝♊♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ▌✐①✐♥❣ ❙t❛❝❩s ❛♥❞ ❆ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❆rr❛②s ❈♊♣②✐♥❣✱ ♩r ♥♊t ❝♊♣②✐♥❣❄ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥❛❧ ✭◆♊♥ ❉❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✮ ❱❡rs✐♊♥s ▌♊♥❣r❡❧s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✷ ✮ ✺✻

  69. ❙❝♊♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ▌✐①✐♥❣ ❙t❛❝❩s ❛♥❞ ❆ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❆rr❛②s ❈♊♣②✐♥❣✱ ♩r ♥♊t ❝♊♣②✐♥❣❄ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥❛❧ ✭◆♊♥ ❉❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✮ ❱❡rs✐♊♥s ▌♊♥❣r❡❧s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✷ ✮ ✺✻

  70. ❙❝♊♣❡❞ ❙②♠❜♊❧ ❚❛❜❧❡ ■♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥s ▌✐①✐♥❣ ❙t❛❝❩s ❛♥❞ ❆ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❆rr❛②s ❈♊♣②✐♥❣✱ ♩r ♥♊t ❝♊♣②✐♥❣❄ ❋✉♥❝t✐♊♥❛❧ ✭◆♊♥ ❉❡str✉❝t✐✈❡✮ ❱❡rs✐♊♥s ▌♊♥❣r❡❧s ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✷ ✮ ✺✻

  71. ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♩❧ t✉ s♩rs ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❀❡♥ ❞♩ ②♊✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♊♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❀✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❀❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♊♣❡❎❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❀❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❀❡ ❞❛t❛ t♩ t❀❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❀❛♥❞ t❀❛♥❊s ●♩❞ ❢♊r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✾✾ ✮ ✺✻

  72. ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♩❧ t✉ s♩rs ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❀❡♥ ❞♩ ②♊✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♊♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❀✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❀❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♊♣❡❎❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❀❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❀❡ ❞❛t❛ t♩ t❀❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❀❛♥❞ t❀❛♥❊s ●♩❞ ❢♊r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✾✾ ✮ ✺✻

  73. ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♩❧ t✉ s♩rs ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❀❡♥ ❞♩ ②♊✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♊♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❀✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❀❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♊♣❡❎❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❀❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❀❡ ❞❛t❛ t♩ t❀❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❀❛♥❞ t❀❛♥❊s ●♩❞ ❢♊r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✾✾ ✮ ✺✻

  74. ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♩❧ t✉ s♩rs ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❀❡♥ ❞♩ ②♊✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♊♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❀✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❀❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♊♣❡❎❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❀❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❀❡ ❞❛t❛ t♩ t❀❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❀❛♥❞ t❀❛♥❊s ●♩❞ ❢♊r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✾✾ ✮ ✺✻

  75. t✉ s♩rs ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❀❡♥ ❞♩ ②♊✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♊♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❀✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❀❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♊♣❡❎❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❀❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❀❡ ❞❛t❛ t♩ t❀❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❀❛♥❞ t❀❛♥❊s ●♩❞ ❢♊r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♩❧ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✾✾ ✮ ✺✻

  76. t✉ s♩rs ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❀❡♥ ❞♩ ②♊✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♊♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❀✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❀❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♊♣❡❎❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❀❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❀❡ ❞❛t❛ t♩ t❀❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❀❛♥❞ t❀❛♥❊s ●♩❞ ❢♊r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♩❧ ♥❡✈❡r ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✾✾ ✮ ✺✻

  77. ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❀❡♥ ❞♩ ②♊✉ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛ss♩❝✐❛t❡❞ ❞❛t❛❄ s❝♊♣❡ ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❡✈❡r②t❀✐♥❣ s✐♥❝❡ t❀❡ ❧❛t❡st s❝♊♣❡❎❜❡❣✐♥ ♣❛ss ❡♥❞ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ❛✉①✐❧✐❛r② ❞❛t❛ ❛❢t❡r t❀❡ tr❛✈❡rs❛❧ ✐s ❝♊♠♣❧❡t❡❞ ❛st ❜✐♥❞ t❀❡ ❞❛t❛ t♩ t❀❡ ❛st ❛♥❞ ❞❡❧❡❣❛t❡ ❞❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t✐♊♥ ❜② ❀❛♥❞ t❀❛♥❊s ●♩❞ ❢♊r ❱❛❧❣r✐♥❞ ❛♥❞ P❛r❛❝❡t❛♠♩❧ ♥❡✈❡r t✉ s♩rs ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✾✾ ✮ ✺✻

  78. ❈♩✉rt❡s② ♊❢ ❆r♥❛✉❞ ❋❛❜r❡✳ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ❡①✐t ❇✉t t❀❡♥✳✳✳ ❚✇✐❝❡ ❢♊♊ ❚✇♩ ❧❡t s ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✹✷ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✹✷ ✐♥ ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✺✶ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✺✶ ✐♥ ❢♊♊ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❢♊♊ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❜✉t t❀❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥✳✳✳ ❊s❝❛♣✐♥❣ t②♣❡ ❙❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✈✐♩❧❛t✐♊♥✳✳✳ ❧❡t t②♣❡ r❡❝ ❂ ④⑥ ✐♥ r❡❝ ④⑥ ❡♥❞ ❁❃ ♥✐❧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✹ ✮ ✺✻

  79. ❈♩✉rt❡s② ♊❢ ❆r♥❛✉❞ ❋❛❜r❡✳ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ❡①✐t ❇✉t t❀❡♥✳✳✳ ❚✇✐❝❡ ❢♊♊ ❚✇♩ ❧❡t s ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✹✷ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✹✷ ✐♥ ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✺✶ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✺✶ ✐♥ ❢♊♊ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❢♊♊ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❜✉t t❀❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥✳✳✳ ❊s❝❛♣✐♥❣ t②♣❡ ❙❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✈✐♩❧❛t✐♊♥✳✳✳ ❧❡t t②♣❡ r❡❝ ❂ ④⑥ ✐♥ r❡❝ ④⑥ ❡♥❞ ❁❃ ♥✐❧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✹ ✮ ✺✻

  80. ❈♩✉rt❡s② ♊❢ ❆r♥❛✉❞ ❋❛❜r❡✳ ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ❡①✐t ❇✉t t❀❡♥✳✳✳ ❚✇✐❝❡ ❢♊♊ ❚✇♩ ❧❡t s ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✹✷ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✹✷ ✐♥ ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✺✶ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✺✶ ✐♥ ❢♊♊ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❢♊♊ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❜✉t t❀❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥✳✳✳ ❊s❝❛♣✐♥❣ t②♣❡ ❙❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✈✐♩❧❛t✐♊♥✳✳✳ ❧❡t t②♣❡ r❡❝ ❂ ④⑥ ✐♥ r❡❝ ④⑥ ❡♥❞ ❁❃ ♥✐❧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✹ ✮ ✺✻

  81. ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ♊♥ s❝♊♣❡ ❡①✐t ❇✉t t❀❡♥✳✳✳ ❚✇✐❝❡ ❢♊♊ ❚✇♩ ❧❡t s ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✹✷ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✹✷ ✐♥ ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✺✶ ❧❡t ✈❛r ❢♊♊ ✿❂ ✺✶ ✐♥ ❢♊♊ ❡♥❞ ✐♥ ❢♊♊ ❡♥❞ ❡♥❞ ❜✉t t❀❡♥ ❛❣❛✐♥✳✳✳ ❊s❝❛♣✐♥❣ t②♣❡ ❙❡❣♠❡♥t❛t✐♊♥ ✈✐♩❧❛t✐♊♥✳✳✳ ❈♩✉rt❡s② ♊❢ ❆r♥❛✉❞ ❋❛❜r❡✳ ❧❡t t②♣❡ r❡❝ ❂ ④⑥ ✐♥ r❡❝ ④⑥ ❡♥❞ ❁❃ ♥✐❧ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✹ ✮ ✺✻

  82. ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ✇✐t❀ t❀❡ ❆❙❚ ❛♥♥♊t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❀ ♥♊❞❡ ♊❢ ❛st ❛♥♥♊t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❀ s❝♊♣✐♥❣ ♥♊❞❡ ✇✐t❀ ❛ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❧✐♥❊ t❀❡♠ ❧❡❛✈❡ t❛❜❧❡s ♩✉ts✐❞❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✺ ✮ ✺✻

  83. ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ✇✐t❀ t❀❡ ❆❙❚ ❛♥♥♊t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❀ ♥♊❞❡ ♊❢ ❛st ❛♥♥♊t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❀ s❝♊♣✐♥❣ ♥♊❞❡ ✇✐t❀ ❛ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❧✐♥❊ t❀❡♠ ❧❡❛✈❡ t❛❜❧❡s ♩✉ts✐❞❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✺ ✮ ✺✻

  84. ▌❡♠♊r② ▌❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t✿ ❉❡❛❧❧♊❝❛t❡ ✇✐t❀ t❀❡ ❆❙❚ ❛♥♥♊t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❀ ♥♊❞❡ ♊❢ ❛st ❛♥♥♊t❛t❡ ❡❛❝❀ s❝♊♣✐♥❣ ♥♊❞❡ ✇✐t❀ ❛ s②♠❜♊❧ t❛❜❧❡ ❛♥❞ ❧✐♥❊ t❀❡♠ ❧❡❛✈❡ t❛❜❧❡s ♩✉ts✐❞❡ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✺ ✮ ✺✻

  85. ❇✐♥❞ t❀❡ ♥❛♠❡s✎▲❛❜❡❧ ❜② ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♊♥ ❛❞❞r❡ss ❋❛❝t♩r✐♥❣ ❙❝♊♣❡ ❍❛♥❞❧✐♥❣ ♥♊ s❝♊♣❡ ❀❛♥❞❧✐♥❣ ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✐❢ ♥❛♠❡s ❛r❡ ✉♥✐q✉❡ s♩ ✉s❡ r❡❣✉❧❛r ❛ss♩❝✐❛t✐✈❡ ❝♊♥t❛✐♥❡rs ❜✉t ❀♊✇ ❝❛♥ ②♊✉ ❣✉❛r❛♥t❡❡ ✉♥✐q✉❡ ♥❛♠❡s ❞♩ ②♊✉ ♥❡❡❞ t♩ ♠❛❊❡ ♥❛♠❡s ✉♥✐q✉❡s❄ ❆✳ ❉❡♠❛✐❧❧❡✱ ❊✳ ❘❡♥❛✉❧t✱ ❘✳ ▲❡✈✐❧❧❛✐♥ ◆❛♠❡s✱ ❙❝♊♣❡s✱ ❛♥❞ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣s ✞✻ ✮ ✺✻

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