Resources for Computational Linguistics Annotation Tools: RSTTool - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Resources for Computational Linguistics Annotation Tools: RSTTool - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 01, 2023 142 likes •422 views

Resources for Computational Linguistics Annotation Tools: RSTTool &MMAX Presentation by Ekaterina Biehl 1/25 In the Last Session Corpus Linguistic; Corpus; Unannotated; Annotated; Annotation; Levels of Annotation;

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Resources for Computational Linguistics

Annotation Tools: RSTTool &MMAX Presentation by Ekaterina Biehl

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In the Last Session

  • Corpus Linguistic;
  • Corpus;
  • Unannotated;
  • Annotated;
  • Annotation;
  • Levels of Annotation;
  • POS- Tagging;
  • Grammatical Parsing;
  • Semantic Tagging;
  • Discoursal and Text Annotation

(RST, Discourse Tags, AnaphoricAnnotation);

  • Prosodic Annotation....
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So, We need annotation tools!

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Annotation Tools

What is important?

  • should be able to do your task;
  • speed, stability, and practical usability;
  • ready and easy to use;
  • standardized input/output format (XML).
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Today' Session

  • 1. Text analysis => RSTTool;
  • 2. Multi-level annotation => MMAX;
  • 3. Examples.
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Questions

  • 1. What is to be annotated?

2.What are the markables?

  • 3. What is the guideline and

annotation scheme?

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RSTTool

Michael O'Donnell

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RSTTool

Graphical interface to facilitate the marking up of the RST structure of text =>

  • segmentation of text;
  • graphical linking of the segments into an

RST Tree.

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RST = Rhetorical Structure Theory

  • offers an explanation to COHERENT texts
  • i.e. with no gaps and non-sequitures;
  • describes text structure by means of

„BUILDING BLOCKS“ at

  • principal level

„nuclearity“ <> „relations“;

  • second level

schemas.

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„Nuclearity“

  • Mononuclear: Nucleus => Satellite
  • Multi-nuclear: Span = Other Span
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Rhetorical Structure Theory

Example of the analysis tree:

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RSTTool

Example of the annotation

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RSTTool: Summary

  • 1. Annotation tool for particular purpose;

2.Tree visualisation;

  • 3. Graphical interface;
  • 4. Analysis time reduction;
  • 5. Statistics.
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MMAX

was developed at EML Reserch, Heidelberg

Christoph Müller

  • Dr. Michael Strube
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MMAX

  • „light-weight and highly customizable annotation tool“

(Müller & Strube (2001a, 2001b, 2003);

  • supports the multi-level annotation of (potentially

multi-modal) corpora;

  • based on the concept of markables carrying attributes

and standing in certain relations to each other.

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Consepts: Markable

  • carries the annotation information;
  • can be defined on arbitrary levels of linguistics

annotation;

  • is an entity that can consists of arbitrary sets of

elements from the data base;

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Consepts: Markable II

  • can represent multiple levels of linguistic

description;

  • can be overlapping or discontinious.
  • the principle of STAND-OFF annotation
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Concepts: Attributes

  • markables can have arbitrarily many attributes (name-

value pairs);

  • nominal attributes which have a closed set of possible

values.

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Concepts: Relations

  • relations between markables:
  • member-relation : markables having the same value

in an attribute;

  • pointer-relation: directed relations between a source

markable and arbitrarily many target markables.

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Guideline => Annotation Scheme

  • Guideline=Instruction
  • Annotation scheme = formal guideline:
  • describes which phenomena are to be

annotated using which set of attributes;

  • defines all attributes for a linguistic level.
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MMAX: the Tool

  • is written in Java;
  • XML;
  • consists of main annotation window, Search

window, attribute window.

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EXtensible Markup Language

  • XML is a markup language much like HTML;
  • XML was designed to describe data and to focus on what

data is;

  • XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own

tags

  • XML does not DO anything. XML was created to

structure, store and to send information.

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MMAX: the Tool

Example of the annotation

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MMAX: Summary

  • annotation as set of simple concepts based
  • n the notion of „markable“;
  • almost any kind of annotation can be done;
  • multiple levels;
  • stand-off annotation;
  • can express highly customizable annotation

schemes;

  • is compartible with ISO standard (ISO TC37

SC4).

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Conclusion:

 RSTTool:

 Rhetorical Structure Theory;  tree visualization;  dedicated annotation tool.

 MMAX:

 flexile tool for almost any kind of annotation;  annotation refers to markables;  simple and customisable.

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References:

Corpus Linguistics- Annotation:

  • http://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/courses/korbay/Complingres/Slides/corpora.pdf
  • http://bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk/monkey/ihe/linguistics/contents.htm
  • http://coli.lili.uni-bielefeld.de/forschung/xbrac/pdf/xbrac-dipperetal-sfb.pdf - search='MMAX%2

RSTTool:

  • http://www.wagsoft.com/RSTTool
  • http://www.sfu.ca/rst

MMAX:

  • http://www.eml-research.de/english/research/nlp/download/sigdial03.pdf
  • http://www.eml-research.de/english/research/nlp/download/mmax.php

XML:

  • http://www.w3schools.com/

ISO:

  • http://www.tc37sc4.org

TEI

  • http://www.tei-c.org/