Reorienting Agricultural Research for Reorienting Agricultural - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Reorienting Agricultural Research for Reorienting Agricultural Research for Development in Asia Development in Asia-

• Pacific: The Way Ahead

Pacific: The Way Ahead

Raj Paroda Raj Paroda Executive Secretary Executive Secretary APAARI APAARI

Established in 1990

APAARI: APAARI: An Association of Agricultural An Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in Asia Pacific Research Institutions in Asia Pacific

• Dialogue on Regional and Global Issues

Dialogue on Regional and Global Issues

• Research Prioritization and Need Assessment

Research Prioritization and Need Assessment

• Expert Consultations on Thematic Issues:

Expert Consultations on Thematic Issues:

• Biotechnology

Biotechnology

• ICT for knowledge sharing

ICT for knowledge sharing

• Agricultural Innovations

Agricultural Innovations -

• LFM

LFM

• Biofuels and Food Security

Biofuels and Food Security

• Climate Change

Climate Change

• Food Security and Poverty

Food Security and Poverty

• Biofertilisers and Biopesticides

Biofertilisers and Biopesticides

• Research Collaboration Through :

Research Collaboration Through :

• Consortia and Networks

Consortia and Networks

• Knowledge Sharing:

Knowledge Sharing:

• Success Stories (> 40 published)

Success Stories (> 40 published)

• Newsletter and Reports

Newsletter and Reports

APAARI: Priority Setting Initiatives APAARI: Priority Setting Initiatives

• NARS Vision Towards Future Challenges and opportunities,

1995

• Consultation on Research Priority Setting, 1996
• Agricultural Research Priorities in Asia-Pacific, 1997
• Consultation on Strategies for Implementing APAARI Vision

2025, 2001

• A Synthesis of Agricultural Research Priorities, 2002
• Research Needs Assessment for Central and South Asia, 2004;

South East Asia, 2005; and the Pacific, 2005

• Regional Synthesis of Research Needs, 2006

Asia-Pacific is a major supplier of food, accounting for: 38% of the world’s arable land 90% of the world’s rice, 40% of its cereals and 40% of its meat 70% of the global food and vegetable market 80% of the aquaculture market Asia feeds nearly 60% of the world’s population from 1/3rd of geographical area

The Context

CONTEXT- Number of poor rose and highest in South Asia

100 200 300 400 500 Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia East Asia & Pacific Middle East & North Africa Europe & Central Asia Latin America & Caribbean

M illio n s o f p eo p le b elo w $1-a-d ay p o verty lin e 1993 2002

67% of the people below poverty line live in Asia

CONTEXT- Undernourishment on the Rise throughout the World and Highest in Asia-Pacific

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Asia and the Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean Near East and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa m illions

1990-92 1995-97 2000-02 2004-06 2008 2009

High share of malnourished people in Asia-Pacific

A RECENT A RECENT APAARI APAARI-

• ADB

ADB-

• GFAR INITIATIVE

GFAR INITIATIVE

E E-

• Consultation among Stakeholders

Consultation among Stakeholders (About 300 participants) (About 300 participants) Sub Sub-

• regional and Regional Reports

regional and Regional Reports

South Asia South Asia

• Dr. Mruthyunjaya & Dr. P. Kumar
• Dr. Mruthyunjaya & Dr. P. Kumar

South South-

• east Asia

east Asia

• Dr. David Raitzer
• Dr. David Raitzer

Pacific Pacific

• Dr. Alan Quartermain
• Dr. Alan Quartermain

Asia Asia-

• Pacific

Pacific

• Prof. R.B. Singh, Lead Consultant
• Prof. R.B. Singh, Lead Consultant

Face to Face Consultation (About 75 stakeholders) Face to Face Consultation (About 75 stakeholders) Bangkok Declaration Bangkok Declaration

Feedback from e Feedback from e -

• Consultation

Consultation

Multi Multi-

• stakeholder led AR4D to focus mainly

stakeholder led AR4D to focus mainly

• n development needs of the resource
• n development needs of the resource-
• poor

poor smallholders smallholders Demand Demand-

• driven

AR4D that especially driven AR4D that especially addresses poverty, hunger and concerns of addresses poverty, hunger and concerns of poor producers and consumers poor producers and consumers Nutrition Security Nutrition Security – – especially of women and especially of women and children children Maximize out scaling of innovations through Maximize out scaling of innovations through effective ToT and new partnerships involving effective ToT and new partnerships involving key stakeholders (especially CSOs) key stakeholders (especially CSOs)

Expert Consultation on Expert Consultation on AR4D in Asia AR4D in Asia -

• Pacific

Pacific – – The Way Ahead The Way Ahead Bangkok, 30 Bangkok, 30 -

• 31 October, 2009

31 October, 2009

Bangkok Declaration Bangkok Declaration

Key Messages Key Messages

Reorientation of AR4D Agenda: Clients: small farm holders, poor producers, poor consumers Primary production level: (i) Ecosystems framework – diversification (ii) Integrated natural resource management - especially land and water (iii) Climate change: adaptation and mitigation Holistic: food supply chain ( inputs sector primary production

• post

harvest/ processing/ marketing markets ) Cross cutting: knowledge based, socio- economic, policy research, participatory

Germplasm

Improvement and

Biotechnology Germplasm

Improvement and

Biotechnology Integrated Natural Resource Management Integrated Natural Resource Management

A Holistic Farming Systems’ Approach

AR4D Agenda: AR4D Agenda: To Increase Productivity To Increase Productivity

Areas Areas

South Asia South Asia Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Pacific Pacific Food staples Food staples

Rice, wheat, local Rice, wheat, local staple cereals, staple cereals, pulses pulses Rice Rice Local crops: Local crops: Taro, banana Taro, banana

Diversified Diversified crops/livestock crops/livestock

Horticulture, Horticulture, fisheries, fisheries, livestock livestock Vegetables, fruits, Vegetables, fruits, aquaculture aquaculture That ensure That ensure inclusive value inclusive value adding for niche adding for niche markets: markets: Vegetables, fruits Vegetables, fruits

Science & Science & technology technology

Germplasm Germplasm conservation and conservation and improvement improvement Genetic Genetic improvement, improvement, management of management of biotic & abiotic biotic & abiotic stresses stresses Nutritional Nutritional security, value security, value-

• adding

adding Sustaining atoll Sustaining atoll livelihoods livelihoods

AR4D Agenda: AR4D Agenda: To Improve Value Chain Development To Improve Value Chain Development

Weak Links in Weak Links in the Chain the Chain South Asia South Asia South East South East Asia Asia Pacific Pacific Infrastructure: Infrastructure: linking farmers linking farmers to markets to markets Postharvest, Postharvest, agro agro-

• processing,

processing, management of management of ICT ICT Safety and Safety and Quality Quality Postharvest Postharvest ICT ICT Safety & Quality Safety & Quality Postharvest Postharvest Transport Transport ICT ICT Safety & Quality Safety & Quality Networks/ Networks/ Partnerships Partnerships Public Public-

• private

private-

• partnerships

partnerships (PPPs) (PPPs) South South-

• South

South cooperation cooperation PPPs PPPs South South-

• South

South cooperation cooperation Niche markets Niche markets (domestic, (domestic, foreign) foreign) Trade facilitation Trade facilitation

AR4D Agenda: AR4D Agenda: To Increase Resilience To Increase Resilience

Areas Areas South Asia South Asia South East South East Asia Asia Pacific Pacific Climate Climate change change management management Adaptation Adaptation and mitigation and mitigation Adaptation Adaptation and mitigation and mitigation Adaptation and Adaptation and mitigation mitigation Capacity Capacity building building (modeling/foreca (modeling/foreca sting) sting) Economic Economic shocks shocks Rural and non Rural and non-

• farm jobs

farm jobs Risk Risk management management Resilience to Resilience to market market volatility volatility Especially for Especially for atolls atolls

Not Business as Usual Not Business as Usual

• Innovative partnerships and networking

Innovative partnerships and networking (NARES, NGO, Private Sector, Farmers) (NARES, NGO, Private Sector, Farmers)

• Outscaling

Outscaling of innovations in a

• f innovations in a

participatory mode participatory mode

• Value chain development and

Value chain development and management for linking farmers to management for linking farmers to market (Farmers Self Help Groups/ market (Farmers Self Help Groups/ Associations/Cooperatives/ Companies) Associations/Cooperatives/ Companies)

Linking Farmers to Market Linking Farmers to Market

Landless Farmer Forming a Cooperative Receiving Cash Payment Getting Technical Advise

A SUCCESS STORY

Private Sector Ministry of Agriculture NARI Extension Service Farmers NGOs

Donors IARCs IARCs

NARI NARI -

• NARS

NARS

I nnovative Partnerships for I nnovative Partnerships for Outscaling Outscaling

Empow erment of Smallholder Innovators

1964: Research on hybrid rice 1964: Research on hybrid rice started started

1970: A wild rice with aborted 1970: A wild rice with aborted pollen was identified pollen was identified

1974: First set of hybrids was 1974: First set of hybrids was developed developed 1976: Hybrid rice released to the 1976: Hybrid rice released to the farmers farmers

~ ~15 mha (53%) under hybrid

15 mha (53%) under hybrid rice gives 15 mt extra rice gives 15 mt extra production production

Historical Development

Hybrid Rice

• Prof. Yuan Longping (left),
• Prof. Yuan Longping (left),

Father of Hybrid Rice Father of Hybrid Rice

Other countries slow in adoption. Other countries slow in adoption.

Single Cross and QPM Hybrids of Single Cross and QPM Hybrids of Maize in India Maize in India

In last decade, maize production In last decade, maize production almost doubled almost doubled Maize productivity increased by 80 % Maize productivity increased by 80 % Maize has show n fastest grow th rate Maize has show n fastest grow th rate (around 4%) among cereals (around 4%) among cereals Maize production can be doubled in Maize production can be doubled in next decade next decade Hybrid coverage to be increased Hybrid coverage to be increased (from current 25%) (from current 25%)

Area Covered Under Bt Cotton in India

(Last Seven Years)

0.29 0.86 0.55 1.3 3.8 6.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year Area covered (Million ha)

Area covered during 2009 : 8.2 m ha

Conservation Agriculture Conservation Agriculture

Zero till drill used over 2 m ha area Zero till drill used over 2 m ha area in Rice in Rice-

• Wheat cropping system in

Wheat cropping system in the Indo the Indo-

• Gangetic Plains

Gangetic Plains This success w as achieved in last This success w as achieved in last

• ne decade
• ne decade

Potential area: 8.0 m ha in South Asia Potential area: 8.0 m ha in South Asia

R& D Investments in Asia R& D Investments in Asia -

• Pacific

Pacific

Region/ Region/ Country Country Total spending Total spending (in million $ (in million $ -

• 2005 international)

2005 international) Regional Share Regional Share (%) (%) 1991 1991 2002 2002 2002 2002

China China 1,174 1,174 2, 574 2, 574 26.8 26.8 South Asia South Asia Bangladesh Bangladesh 81 81 109 109 1.13 1.13 India India 746 746 1,355 1,355 14.10 14.10 Nepal Nepal NA NA 26 26 0.27 0.27 Pakistan Pakistan 223 223 171 171 1.78 1.78 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka 39 39 51 51 0.53 0.53 Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Indonesia Indonesia 220 220 177 177 1.84 1.84 Laos Laos NA NA 13 13 0.14 0.14 Malaysia Malaysia 227 227 424 424 4.41 4.41 Philippines Philippines 80 80 141 141 1.47 1.47 Vietnam Vietnam 8 8 56 56 0.58 0.58

Not Business as Usual Not Business as Usual

Aggressive advocacy for increased AR4D Aggressive advocacy for increased AR4D funding in Asia funding in Asia -

• Pacific is needed :

Pacific is needed :

• Governments to provide at least 1% of total

Governments to provide at least 1% of total agricultural GDP for AR4D agricultural GDP for AR4D

• Agriculture research for Asia

Agriculture research for Asia-

• Pacific needs

Pacific needs nearly US $30 nearly US $30 bn bn/year (at current rate) /year (at current rate)

• Increased capital investment through

Increased capital investment through public public -

• private

private -

• CSO partnership

CSO partnership

• South Asia

South Asia and and Pacific Island Countries Pacific Island Countries in in particular should receive immediate particular should receive immediate attention by the donor community attention by the donor community

Not Business as Usual Not Business as Usual

Donor perception needs a change Donor perception needs a change Must address research priority needs identified Must address research priority needs identified by NARES, Regional Fora and GFAR/CGIAR by NARES, Regional Fora and GFAR/CGIAR Eco Eco-

• regional approach and to link research w ith

regional approach and to link research w ith development projects development projects Stakeholders role in planning, implementation Stakeholders role in planning, implementation and monitoring (bottom up) and monitoring (bottom up)

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Millennium Development Goals (MDGs):

MDG-1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger MDG-7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Ensure Environmental Sustainability MDG-8: Develop a Global Partnership for Develop a Global Partnership for Development Development

New Focus on AR4D w ill Impact Three New Focus on AR4D w ill Impact Three

Conclusion Conclusion

Agriculture in Asia-Pacific will liberate the region from hunger, malnutrition and poverty and bridge the widening income divide between farmers and non-farmers. Given the declining land, water and agro- biodiversity resources and the intensifying environmental footprint, the task ahead is rather difficult, but certainly not insurmountable if we jointly move forward with new commitments to upscale and outscale innovations.