RDF Beyond RDF Beyond Outline Outline RDFa RDFa Microformat - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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RDF Beyond RDF Beyond Outline Outline RDFa RDFa Microformat - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 02, 2023 383 likes •769 views

RDF Beyond RDF Beyond Outline Outline RDFa RDFa Microformat Schema.org S h RDFa RDFa RDFa RDFa RDFa: A collection of attributes and processing p g rules for extending XHTML to support RDF. HTML contains structured data,

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RDF Beyond RDF Beyond

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Outline Outline

  • RDFa

RDFa

  • Microformat

S h

  • Schema.org
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RDFa RDFa

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RDFa RDFa

  • RDFa: A collection of attributes and processing

p g rules for extending XHTML to support RDF.

  • HTML contains structured data, but not

accessible to tools and applications accessible to tools and applications

  • RDFa is a specification for attributes to express

structured data structured data

  • RDFa allows terms from multiple independently‐

developed vocabularies to be freely intermixed

  • RDFa brings some part of XHTML machine

processable

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RDFa examples RDFa examples

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns com/foaf/0 1/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" > <head> <title>My home-page</title> <meta property="dc:creator" content="Mark Birbeck" /> <meta property dc:creator content Mark Birbeck /> <link rel="foaf:topic" href="http://www.formsPlayer.com/#us" /> </head> <body>...</body> </html>

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RDFa examples RDFa examples

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:cal="http://www w3 org/2002/12/cal/ical#" xmlns:cal="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > <head><title>Jo's Friends and Family Blog</title></head> <body> <p> <p> I'm holding <span property="cal:summary">

  • ne last summer Barbecue

</span>,

  • n
  • n

<span property="cal:dtstart" content="2007-09-16T16:00:00-05:00" datatype="xsd:dateTime"> September 16th at 4pm </span>. </p> p </body> </html>

Adding datatype Adding datatype

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RDFa examples RDFa examples

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:cal="http://www w3 org/2002/12/cal/ical#" xmlns:cal="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/ical#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" > <head><title>Jo's Friends and Family Blog</title></head> <body> <p typeof="cal:Vevent"> <p typeof cal:Vevent > I'm holding <span property="cal:summary">

  • ne last summer Barbecue

</span>,

  • n
  • n

<span property="cal:dtstart" content="2007-09-16T16:00:00-05:00" datatype="xsd:dateTime"> September 16th at 4pm </span>. </p> p </body> </html>

Adding typeof Adding typeof

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RDFa examples RDFa examples

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:biblio="http://example org/" xmlns:biblio="http://example.org/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" > <head> <title>Books by Marco Pierre White</title> </head> </head> <body> I think White's book '<span about="urn:ISBN:0091808189" typeof="biblio:book" property="dc:title"> Canteen Cuisine Canteen Cuisine </span>' is well worth getting since although it's quite advanced stuff, he makes it pretty easy to follow. You might also like <span about="urn:ISBN:1596913614" typeof="biblio:book" property="dc:description"> p p y p White's autobiography </span>. </body> </html>

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RDFa RDFa

  • RDFa allows authors to mark up human‐

RDFa allows authors to mark up human readable data with machine‐readable information for browsers and other information for browsers and other applications to interpret by using a few simple XHTML attributes XHTML attributes

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Use case Use case

  • Alice: a blogger who publishes a mix of professional

Alice: a blogger who publishes a mix of professional and personal articles a http://example.com/alice

All content on this site is licensed under <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> a Creative Commons License </a>. All content on this site is licensed under <a rel=“kicense” href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> a Creative Commons License </a>.

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Use Case Use Case

<div xmlns:dc="http://purl org/dc/elements/1 1/"> <div xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <h2 property="dc:title">The trouble with Bob</h2> <h3 property="dc:creator">Alice</h3> ... </div>

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Use Case Use Case

<div xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <div about="/alice/posts/trouble_with_bob"> <h2 property="dc:title">The trouble with Bob</h2> <h3 property="dc:creator">Alice</h3> ... </div> <div about="/alice/posts/jos_barbecue"> <h2 property="dc:title">Jo's Barbecue</h2> <h3 property="dc:creator">Eve</h3> ... </div> ... </div>

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Use Case Use Case

<div typeof="foaf:Person" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"> <p property="foaf:name"> Alice Birpemswick </p> <p> Email: <a rel="foaf:mbox" href="mailto:alice@example.com">alice@example.com</a> </p> <p> Phone: <a rel="foaf:phone" href="tel:+1-617-555-7332">+1 617.555.7332</a> </p> </di > </div>

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Use Case

<div xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" about="#me" rel="foaf:knows"> <ul> <li typeof="foaf:Person"> <a property="foaf:name" rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/bob/">Bob</a> </li> i <li typeof="foaf:Person"> <a property="foaf:name" rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/eve/">Eve</a> </li> <li typeof="foaf:Person"> <a property="foaf:name" rel="foaf:homepage" href="http://example.com/manu/">Manu</a> </li> </li> </ul> </div>

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MICROFORMAT MICROFORMAT

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Microformats Microformats

  • A way of thinking about data

A way of thinking about data

  • Design principles for formats
  • Adapted to current behaviors and usage
  • Adapted to current behaviors and usage

patterns

  • Highly correlated with semantic XHTML
  • Highly correlated with semantic XHTML
  • A set of simple open data format standards

that are actively developing and implementing that are actively developing and implementing for more/better structured blogging and web microcontent publishing in general microcontent publishing in general

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Microformats are NOT Microformats are NOT

  • A new language

g g

  • Infinitely extensible and open‐ended
  • An attempt to get everyone to change their

behavior and rewrite their tools

  • A whole new approach that throws away what

already works today already works today

  • A panacea for all taxonomies, ontologies, and
  • ther such abstractions
  • Defining the whole world, or even boiling the
  • cean
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Microformat principles Microformat principles

  • Solve a specific problem

Solve a specific problem

  • Start as simple as possible

i f h fi hi d

  • Design for humans first, machines second
  • Reuse building blocks from widely adopted

standards

  • Modularity/embeddability

y/ y

  • Enable and encourage decentralized

development content services development, content, services

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Microformat Microformat

  • They use ‘span’ element because this is a

They use span element because this is a basic, versatile, element that works almost everywhere on the web

  • Provide their own vocabularies

<p class="vcard">Hi, my name is <span class="fn">Jamie Jones</span> and I dig microformats!</p>

Provide their own vocabularies

– hCard (your information) – XFN (your networks about friends and contacts) (y ) – hCalendar (events) – hReview (review movies, books, and more) ( )

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Examples Examples

<div id="hcard-Ying-Ding" class="vcard"> //i i i i / i i / i i / <a class="url fn" href="http://info.slis.indiana.edu/~dingying/">Ying Ding</a> <div class="org">Indiana University</div> <a class="email" href="mailto:dingying@indiana.edu">dingying@indiana.edu</a> <div class="adr"> <div class="street-address">1320 E 10th</div> < l "l lit ">Bl i t </ > <span class="locality">Bloomington</span> , <span class="region">Indiana</span> , <span class="postal-code">47405</span> <span class="country-name">USA</span> </div> <div class="tel">8128555388</div> <p style="font-size:smaller;">This <a <p style font size:smaller; >This <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard">hCard</a> created with the <a href="http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator">hCard creator</a>.</p> </div>

Generate your own one: http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator, for more tools: http://microformats.org/code‐tools

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SCHEMA.ORG SCHEMA.ORG

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Schema.org Schema.org

  • This is a joint effort from Microsoft Google

This is a joint effort from Microsoft, Google and Yahoo! to provide a collection of schemas (i e HTML tags) to better represent the (i.e. HTML tags) to better represent the structured data on the Web.

  • It started May 2011
  • It started May 2011.
  • Website: http://schema.org/
  • Blog: http://blog.schema.org/
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Schema for person Schema for person

http://schema.org/Person

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Overview of whole Schema Overview of whole Schema

http://schema.org /docs/full.html

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Datatype Datatype

  • Have their own datatypes

Have their own datatypes

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Data Model of Schema.org Data Model of Schema.org

  • It is similar a data model of RDF triple

It is similar a data model of RDF triple

– A set of types in a hierarchy with multiple inheritance inheritance – A set of properties with multiple domains and ranges. ranges.

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Mapping to RDFa1.1 Mapping to RDFa1.1

Buyers: <div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Product"> <img rel="image" src="dell-30in-lcd.jpg" /> <span property="name">Dell UltraSharp 30" LCD Monitor</span> <div rel="hasAggregateRating" > <div typeof="http://schema.org/AggregateRating"> <span property="ratingValue">87</span>

  • ut of <span property="bestRating">100</span>

based on <span property="ratingCount">24</span> user ratings </div> </di > </div> <div rel="offers" > <div typeof="http://schema.org/AggregateOffer"> <span property="lowPrice">$1250</span> to <span property="highPrice">$1495</span> to <span property= highPrice >$1495</span> from <span property="offerCount">8</span> sellers </div> </div>

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Mapping to RDFa1.1 Mapping to RDFa1.1

Sellers: <div rel="offers" > <div typeof="http://schema.org/Offer"> <a property="url" href="save-a-lot-monitors.com/dell-30.html"> Save A Lot Monitors - $1250</a> </div> </div> <div rel="offer" > <div typeof="http://schema.org/Offer"> < t " l" h f "j d d t /d ll 30 ht l"> <a property="url" href="jondoe-gadgets.com/dell-30.html"> Jon Doe's Gadgets - $1350</a> </div> </div> ... </div> </div>

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Schema.org using Microdata Schema.org using Microdata

  • Basic Vocabulary of Microdata

Basic Vocabulary of Microdata (http://dev.w3.org/html5/md‐LC/)

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Microdata model Microdata model

  • Item: a group of name‐value pairs

Item: a group of name value pairs

– Each item can have item type, a global identifier, and a list of properties and a list of properties

  • Property: name in the name‐value pair

Each property has one or more values – Each property has one or more values – Each value is a string or an item

Item Property Value

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Item Item

  • itemid itemscope itemprop itemref itemtype

itemid, itemscope, itemprop,itemref, itemtype

<div itemscope> <p>My name is <span itemprop="name">Neil</span>.</p> <p>My band is called <span itemprop="band">Four Parts Water</span>.</p>

T d it

<p>I am <span itemprop="nationality">British</span>.</p> </div>

  • Typed items

<section itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/animals#cat"> <h1 itemprop="name">Hedral</h1> i "d " d l i l i d i <p itemprop="desc">Hedral is a male american domestic shorthair, with a fluffy black fur with white paws and belly.</p> <img itemprop="img" src="hedral.jpeg" alt="" title="Hedral, age 18 months"> </section>

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Item Item

  • Global identifier for items

Global identifier for items

<dl itemscope itemtype="http://vocab.example.net/book" itemid="urn:isbn:0-330-34032-8"> <dt>Title <dt>Title <dd itemprop="title">The Reality Dysfunction <dt>Author <dd itemprop="author">Peter F. Hamilton <dt>Publication date <dd><time itemprop="pubdate" datetime="1996-01-26">26 January 1996</time> dd time itemprop pubdate datetime 1996 01 26 26 January 1996 /time </dl>

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Property Property

  • Using itemprop

Using itemprop

– The value of the itemprop is the unordered set of unique space‐separated tokens and case‐sensitive unique space separated tokens, and case sensitive

<section itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/animals#cat"> <h1 itemprop="name http://example.com/fn">Hedral</h1> <p itemprop="desc">Hedral is a male american domestic p itemprop desc Hedral is a male american domestic shorthair, with a fluffy <span itemprop="http://example.com/color">black</span> fur with <span itemprop="http://example.com/color">white</span> paws and belly.</p> <img itemprop="img" src="hedral.jpeg" alt="" title="Hedral, age 18 months"> </section>

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Value Value

  • The property value: the value of itemprop.

<html> <head> <title>Photo gallery</title> </head> <body> y <h1>My photos</h1> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://n.whatwg.org/work" itemref="licenses"> <img itemprop="work" src="images/house.jpeg" alt="A white house, boarded up, sits in a forest."> <figcaption itemprop="title">The house I found.</figcaption> </figure> <figure itemscope itemtype="http://n.whatwg.org/work" itemref="licenses"> <img itemprop="work" src="images/mailbox.jpeg" alt="Outside the house is a mailbox. It has a leaflet inside."> <figcaption itemprop="title">The mailbox.</figcaption> </figure> <footer> <p id="licenses">All images licensed under the <a itemprop="license" href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php">MIT license</a>.</p> / </footer> </body> </html>

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Converting Microdata to RDF Converting Microdata to RDF

<dl itemscope itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work" itemid="http://books.example.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N"> p p <dt>Title</dt> <dd><cite itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title">Just a Geek</cite></dd> <dt>By</dt> <dd><span itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator">Wil Wheaton</span></dd> <dt>Format</dt> <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization" itemscope itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression" itemid="http://books.example.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK"> <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://books.example.com/product-types/BOOK"> Print </dd> <dd itemprop="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization" itemscope it t "htt // l / b/f b / #E i " itemtype="http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression" itemid="http://books.example.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK"> <link itemprop="http://purl.org/dc/terms/type" href="http://books.example.com/product-types/EBOOK"> Ebook </dd> </dd> </dl>

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Converting Microdata to RDF Converting Microdata to RDF

@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix dce: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . @prefix frbr: <http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#> . p p p g <http://books.example.com/works/45U8QJGZSQKDH8N> a frbr:Work ; dce:creator "Wil Wheaton"@en ; dct:title "Just a Geek"@en ; frbr:realization <http://books.example.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK>, <http://books.example.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK> . <http://books.example.com/products/9780596007683.BOOK> a frbr:Expression ; dct:type <http://books.example.com/product-types/BOOK> . <http://books.example.com/products/9780596802189.EBOOK> a frbr:Expression ; dct:type <http://books.example.com/product-types/EBOOK> .

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References References

  • RDFa

– RDFa at W3C: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa‐syntax/ – RDFa Primer: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml‐rdfa‐ primer/ – RDFa Wiki: http://rdfa.info/wiki/Tutorials

S h

  • Schema.org

– www.schema.org Microdata: http://devw3 org/html5/md LC/ – Microdata: http://dev.w3.org/html5/md‐LC/

  • Microformat:

– http://microformats org/ http://microformats.org/