Race, Attitudes, and Inequality Andrew J. Perrin November 25, 2014 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Race, Attitudes, and Inequality Andrew J. Perrin November 25, 2014 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Race, Attitudes, and Inequality Andrew J. Perrin November 25, 2014 Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 1 / 26 PollEverywhere https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and


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Race, Attitudes, and Inequality

Andrew J. Perrin November 25, 2014

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 1 / 26

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PollEverywhere

https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 2 / 26

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What is Race?

A social reality that is historical, processual, stratified, and analytically multilevel but that is also entangled with biological inputs inherited from the geographic distribution of humans in genetic watersheds over the past 50,000 years. –Shiao et al. Sociological Theory 2012

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 3 / 26

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Racialization

Race is a social formation Meaningless outside a race system Race systems vary by place and time Race systems are cultural formations

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 4 / 26

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Racialization: Example

“Say Something Black!”

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 5 / 26

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Racial Stratification in the US

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 6 / 26

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PollEverywhere

https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 7 / 26

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Why Does Racial Stratification Persist?

Racism: Do authority figures discriminate against people of color? Genetics: Does unequal racial distribution of IQ cause differences in economic fortune? Class Reproduction: Do the privileges of social class make intergenerational mobility difficult? Wealth: Even with similar incomes, do African Americans have less wealth to draw on?

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 8 / 26

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PollEverywhere

https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 9 / 26

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Racism: Audit Studies

Pager, “The Mark of a Criminal Record”

Difference between what people say and do Audit study method “Blacks are less than half as likely to receive consideration by employers,... and black nonoffenders fall behind even whites with prior felony convictions.”

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 10 / 26

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Racism Without Racists

Bonilla-Silva, E. Racism Without Racists Race is a cultural formation, therefore:

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No action is race-neutral

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Racism doesn’t require race hostility

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 11 / 26

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Example: Racial Coding in the Skies

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noE1YzvfA08

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 12 / 26

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Genetics

Psychometrics: the search for g Murray and Herrnstein, The Bell Curve: How can inequality be based on merit and social mobility be low? They reasoned (with relatively scant evidence) that g is “heritable.” Claim: As society gets “freer,” social position is more and more the result of innate ability.

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 13 / 26

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Genetics (cont.)

Fischer et al., Inequality by Design: Response to Murray and Herrnstein

Poor test of g Education ⇒ g Variation in national social inequality Variation in inequality over time Social policy can change inequalities

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 14 / 26

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Class Reproduction

White vs Black preferences for residential integration

Tipping point: preferences don’t aggregate well

Neighborhood social class provides all sorts of advantages

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 15 / 26

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Class Reproduction: Residential Segregation

Racial % Blacks Racial % Whites Composition OK Moving In Composition OK Moving In All-white (14/14) 35 All-white (14/14) 96 2 black/12 white 89 1 black/13 white 89 3 black/11 white 73 7 black/7 white 99 5 black/9 white 47 10 black/4 white 99 8 black/6 white 31 All black 78

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 16 / 26

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Iterative Results of Residential Preferences

Agent-Based Modeling

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Iterative Results of Residential Preferences

Agent-Based Modeling

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Iterative Results of Residential Preferences

Agent-Based Modeling

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26

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Iterative Results of Residential Preferences

Agent-Based Modeling

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26

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Wealth

Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 19 / 26

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Wealth and Education

Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 20 / 26

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Wealth and Education

Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 21 / 26

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Wealth and Income

Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”

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Racial Attitudes: The Scar of Race

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PollEverywhere

https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 24 / 26

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Miscounting Race

Gallagher, 2001

2001 Gallup Poll: average 33%

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Miscounting Race

Gallagher, 2001

2001 Gallup Poll: average 33% Actual 2001: 12.7%

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26

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Miscounting Race

Gallagher, 2001

2001 Gallup Poll: average 33% Actual 2001: 12.7% Actual 2012: 12.8%

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26

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Final Exam

1 Open everything 2 Sakai-based 3 Designed for 2 hours 4 You have 3 hours 5 6 of 8 Sentence Answer (5% each) 6 2 of 3 Paragraph Answer (15% each) 7 1 Essay Answer (40%) Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 26 / 26