Race, Attitudes, and Inequality Andrew J. Perrin November 25, 2014 Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 1 / 26
PollEverywhere https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 2 / 26
What is Race? A social reality that is historical, processual, stratified, and analytically multilevel but that is also entangled with biological inputs inherited from the geographic distribution of humans in genetic watersheds over the past 50,000 years. –Shiao et al. Sociological Theory 2012 Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 3 / 26
Racialization Race is a social formation Meaningless outside a race system Race systems vary by place and time Race systems are cultural formations Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 4 / 26
Racialization: Example “Say Something Black!” Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 5 / 26
Racial Stratification in the US Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 6 / 26
PollEverywhere https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 7 / 26
Why Does Racial Stratification Persist? Racism: Do authority figures discriminate against people of color? Genetics: Does unequal racial distribution of IQ cause differences in economic fortune? Class Reproduction: Do the privileges of social class make intergenerational mobility difficult? Wealth: Even with similar incomes, do African Americans have less wealth to draw on? Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 8 / 26
PollEverywhere https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 9 / 26
Racism: Audit Studies Pager, “The Mark of a Criminal Record” Difference between what people say and do Audit study method “Blacks are less than half as likely to receive consideration by employers,... and black nonoffenders fall behind even whites with prior felony convictions.” Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 10 / 26
Racism Without Racists Bonilla-Silva, E. Racism Without Racists Race is a cultural formation, therefore: No action is race-neutral 1 Racism doesn’t require race hostility 2 Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 11 / 26
Example: Racial Coding in the Skies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noE1YzvfA08 Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 12 / 26
Genetics Psychometrics: the search for g Murray and Herrnstein, The Bell Curve : How can inequality be based on merit and social mobility be low? They reasoned (with relatively scant evidence) that g is “heritable.” Claim: As society gets “freer,” social position is more and more the result of innate ability. Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 13 / 26
Genetics (cont.) Fischer et al., Inequality by Design : Response to Murray and Herrnstein Poor test of g Variation in inequality over time Education ⇒ g Variation in national social Social policy can change inequality inequalities Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 14 / 26
Class Reproduction White vs Black preferences for residential integration Tipping point: preferences don’t aggregate well Neighborhood social class provides all sorts of advantages Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 15 / 26
Class Reproduction: Residential Segregation Racial % Blacks Racial % Whites Composition OK Moving In Composition OK Moving In All-white (14/14) 35 All-white (14/14) 96 2 black/12 white 89 1 black/13 white 89 3 black/11 white 73 7 black/7 white 99 5 black/9 white 47 10 black/4 white 99 8 black/6 white 31 All black 78 Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 16 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential Preferences Agent-Based Modeling Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 17 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential Preferences Agent-Based Modeling Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential Preferences Agent-Based Modeling Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26
Iterative Results of Residential Preferences Agent-Based Modeling Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 18 / 26
Wealth Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red” Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 19 / 26
Wealth and Education Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red” Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 20 / 26
Wealth and Education Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red” Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 21 / 26
Wealth and Income Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red” Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 22 / 26
Racial Attitudes: The Scar of Race Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 23 / 26
PollEverywhere https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 24 / 26
Miscounting Race Gallagher, 2001 2001 Gallup Poll: average 33% Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26
Miscounting Race Gallagher, 2001 2001 Gallup Poll: average 33% Actual 2001: 12.7% Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26
Miscounting Race Gallagher, 2001 2001 Gallup Poll: average 33% Actual 2001: 12.7% Actual 2012: 12.8% Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 25 / 26
Final Exam 1 Open everything 2 Sakai-based 3 Designed for 2 hours 4 You have 3 hours 5 6 of 8 Sentence Answer (5% each) 6 2 of 3 Paragraph Answer (15% each) 7 1 Essay Answer (40%) Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 26 / 26
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