Race, Attitudes, and Inequality Andrew J. Perrin November 25, 2014 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Race, Attitudes, and Inequality

Andrew J. Perrin November 25, 2014

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 1 / 26

PollEverywhere

https://www.pollev.com/andrewperrin

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 2 / 26

What is Race?

A social reality that is historical, processual, stratified, and analytically multilevel but that is also entangled with biological inputs inherited from the geographic distribution of humans in genetic watersheds over the past 50,000 years. –Shiao et al. Sociological Theory 2012

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Racialization

Race is a social formation Meaningless outside a race system Race systems vary by place and time Race systems are cultural formations

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Racialization: Example

“Say Something Black!”

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Racial Stratification in the US

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Why Does Racial Stratification Persist?

Racism: Do authority figures discriminate against people of color? Genetics: Does unequal racial distribution of IQ cause differences in economic fortune? Class Reproduction: Do the privileges of social class make intergenerational mobility difficult? Wealth: Even with similar incomes, do African Americans have less wealth to draw on?

Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 8 / 26

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Racism: Audit Studies

Pager, “The Mark of a Criminal Record”

Difference between what people say and do Audit study method “Blacks are less than half as likely to receive consideration by employers,... and black nonoffenders fall behind even whites with prior felony convictions.”

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Racism Without Racists

Bonilla-Silva, E. Racism Without Racists Race is a cultural formation, therefore:

1

No action is race-neutral

2

Racism doesn’t require race hostility

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Example: Racial Coding in the Skies

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noE1YzvfA08

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Genetics

Psychometrics: the search for g Murray and Herrnstein, The Bell Curve: How can inequality be based on merit and social mobility be low? They reasoned (with relatively scant evidence) that g is “heritable.” Claim: As society gets “freer,” social position is more and more the result of innate ability.

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Genetics (cont.)

Fischer et al., Inequality by Design: Response to Murray and Herrnstein

Poor test of g Education ⇒ g Variation in national social inequality Variation in inequality over time Social policy can change inequalities

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Class Reproduction

White vs Black preferences for residential integration

Tipping point: preferences don’t aggregate well

Neighborhood social class provides all sorts of advantages

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Class Reproduction: Residential Segregation

Racial % Blacks Racial % Whites Composition OK Moving In Composition OK Moving In All-white (14/14) 35 All-white (14/14) 96 2 black/12 white 89 1 black/13 white 89 3 black/11 white 73 7 black/7 white 99 5 black/9 white 47 10 black/4 white 99 8 black/6 white 31 All black 78

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Iterative Results of Residential Preferences

Agent-Based Modeling

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Iterative Results of Residential Preferences

Agent-Based Modeling

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Iterative Results of Residential Preferences

Agent-Based Modeling

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Iterative Results of Residential Preferences

Agent-Based Modeling

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Wealth

Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”

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Wealth and Education

Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”

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Wealth and Education

Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”

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Wealth and Income

Conley, “Being Black, Living in the Red”

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Racial Attitudes: The Scar of Race

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Miscounting Race

Gallagher, 2001

2001 Gallup Poll: average 33%

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Miscounting Race

Gallagher, 2001

2001 Gallup Poll: average 33% Actual 2001: 12.7%

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Miscounting Race

Gallagher, 2001

2001 Gallup Poll: average 33% Actual 2001: 12.7% Actual 2012: 12.8%

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Final Exam

1 Open everything 2 Sakai-based 3 Designed for 2 hours 4 You have 3 hours 5 6 of 8 Sentence Answer (5% each) 6 2 of 3 Paragraph Answer (15% each) 7 1 Essay Answer (40%) Andrew J. Perrin Race, Attitudes, and Inequality November 25, 2014 26 / 26