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❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ■♥st✐t✉t❡ ♦❢ ■♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❙②st❡♠s ❊♥❣✐♥❡❡r✐♥❣✱ ❚❯ ❲✐❡♥ ✶✾✳✻✳✷✵✶✾ ❚❤✐s ✇♦r❦ ✐s ❧✐❝❡♥s❡❞ ✉♥❞❡r ❛ ❈r❡❛t✐✈❡ ❈♦♠♠♦♥s ✏❆ttr✐❜✉t✐♦♥✲❙❤❛r❡❆❧✐❦❡ ✹✳✵ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♦♥❛❧✑ ❧✐❝❡♥s❡✳ ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✶✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ▲❡❝t✉r❡ ✐s ❡✈❡r② ✇❡❡❦ ❲❡❞♥❡s❞❛② ✵✾✿✵✵ ✲ ✶✶✿✵✵✳ ✵✻✳✵✸✳✷✵✶✾✿ t♦♣✐❝✱ t❡❛♠s ✶✸✳✵✸✳✷✵✶✾✿ ❚■❙❙ r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥✱ ✐♥✐t✐❛❧ P❘ ✷✵✳✵✸✳✷✵✶✾✿ ♦t❤❡r r❡❣✐str❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❣✉❡st ❧❡❝t✉r❡ ✷✼✳✵✸✳✷✵✶✾✿ P❘ ❢♦r ✜rst ✐ss✉❡ ❞♦♥❡✱ s❡❝♦♥❞ st❛rt❡❞ ✵✸✳✵✹✳✷✵✶✾✿ ✜rst ✐ss✉❡ ❞♦♥❡✱ P❘ ❢♦r s❡❝♦♥❞ ✶✵✳✵✹✳✷✵✶✾✿ ♠✐❞✲t❡r♠ s✉❜♠✐ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①❡r❝✐s❡s ✵✽✳✵✺✳✷✵✶✾✿ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ❧♦❝❛t✐♦♥✿ ❈♦♠♣❧❛♥❣ ▲✐❜❛r② ✶✺✳✵✺✳✷✵✶✾✿ ✷✷✳✵✺✳✷✵✶✾✿ ❛❧❧ ✺ ✐ss✉❡s ❞♦♥❡ ✷✾✳✵✺✳✷✵✶✾✿ ✵✺✳✵✻✳✷✵✶✾✿ ✜♥❛❧ s✉❜♠✐ss✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❡①❡r❝✐s❡s ✶✷✳✵✻✳✷✵✶✾✿ ✶✾✳✵✻✳✷✵✶✾✿ ❧❛st ❝♦rr❡❝t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❡①❡r❝✐s❡s ❛♥❞ r❡❣✐st❡r ❢♦r ❡①❛♠ ✷✻✳✵✻✳✷✵✶✾✿ ❡①❛♠ ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✷✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t P♦♣✉❧❛r ❚♦♣✐❝s ✶✹ t♦♦❧s ✹ ❞❡s✐❣♥ ✾ t❡st❛❜✐❧✐t② ✹ ❝❛s❝❛❞✐♥❣ ✾ ❝♦❞❡✲❣❡♥❡r❛t✐♦♥ ✹ ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❛❝❝❡ss ✼ ❝♦♥t❡①t✲❛✇❛r❡♥❡ss ✸ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ s♦✉r❝❡s ✻ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ✸ ❝♦♥✜❣✲❧❡ss s②st❡♠s ✻ ♠✐s❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ✷ s❡❝✉r❡ ❝♦♥❢ ✻ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② r❡❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ✷ ❛r❝❤✐t❡❝t✉r❛❧ ❞❡❝✐s✐♦♥s ✺ ✈❛❧✐❞❛t✐♦♥ ✶ ♣✉s❤ ✈s✳ ♣✉❧❧ ✺ ♣♦✐♥ts ✐♥ t✐♠❡ ✶ ✐♥❢r❛str✉❝t✉r❡ ❛s ❝♦❞❡ ✺ ❡rr♦r ♠❡ss❛❣❡s ✶ ❢✉❧❧ ✈s✳ ♣❛rt✐❛❧ ✺ ❛✉t♦✲❞❡t❡❝t✐♦♥ ✶ ❝♦♥✈❡♥t✐♦♥ ♦✈❡r ❝♦♥❢ ✹ ✉s❡r ✐♥t❡r❢❛❝❡ ✶ ❈■✴❈❉ ✹ ✐♥tr♦s♣❡❝t✐♦♥ ✵ ❞♦❝✉♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✸✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ▲❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❖✉t❝♦♠❡s ❙t✉❞❡♥ts ✇✐❧❧ ❜❡ ❛❜❧❡ t♦ ❞❡s❝r✐❜❡ t②♣✐❝❛❧ s♦✉r❝❡s ♦❢ ♠✐s❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ t❡❝❤♥✐q✉❡s ❢♦r q✉❛❧✐t② ❛ss✉r❛♥❝❡ t♦ ❛✈♦✐❞ ♠✐s❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ✭✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✿ ✈❛❧✐❞❛t✐♦♥✱ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❝♦♥t❡①t✱ r❡❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t②✮ ❛♥ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ ❡♥❣✐♥❡❡r✐♥❣ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ ✇❤✐❝❤ s✉♣♣♦rts ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ♠❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✭✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✿ t✐♠❡ ♣♦✐♥ts ♦❢ ✈❛r✐❛❜✐❧✐t②✱ t②♣❡s ♦❢ ✈❛r✐❛❜✐❧✐t②✮ s②st❡♠❛t✐❝ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s ❢♦r ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ♠❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✭✐♥ ♣❛rt✐❝✉❧❛r✿ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡s✮✱ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ❢♦r ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ♠❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t t♦♦❧s ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✹✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ✶ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✷ ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✺✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ❋✐❧❡ ❋♦r♠❛ts ✭❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥✮ ◗✿ ✏■♥ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✇❛② ❤❛✈❡ ②♦✉ ✉s❡❞ ♦r ❝♦♥tr✐❜✉t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ s②st❡♠✴❧✐❜r❛r②✴❆P■ ✐♥ ②♦✉r ♣r❡✈✐♦✉s❧② ♠❡♥t✐♦♥❡❞ ❋▲❖❙❙ ♣r♦❥❡❝t✭s✮❄✑ ❬✽❪ ✶✾ % ♣❡rs♦♥s ✭ n = ✷✺✶✮ ❤❛✈❡ ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❛ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ✜❧❡ ❢♦r♠❛t✳ ✷✾ % ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❡❞ ❛ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ✜❧❡ ♣❛rs❡r✳ ✶✺ % ✐♥tr♦❞✉❝❡❞ ❛ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ s②st❡♠✴❧✐❜r❛r②✴❆P■✳ ✸✹ % ✉s❡❞ ❡①t❡r♥❛❧ ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ❛❝❝❡ss ❆P■s✳ ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✻✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❈✉rr❡♥t ❙✐t✉❛t✐♦♥ Application 1 Application 2 Application 3 Configuration Configuration Configuration settings and settings and settings and specifications specifications specifications of 1 of 3 of 2 Operating System ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✼✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❲❛♥t❡❞ ❙✐t✉❛t✐♦♥ Application 1 Application 2 Application 3 Elektra Configuration Configuration Configuration settings and settings and settings and specifications specifications specifications of 1 of 3 of 2 Operating System ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✽✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ❱❡rt✐❝❛❧ ▼♦❞✉❧❛r✐t② ◗✉❡st✐♦♥ ❊①♣❧❛✐♥ t❤❡ ❝♦♥t❡♥t ♦❢ t❤❡ ✜❣✉r❡✳ ◆❡❡❞❡❞ t♦ ❦❡❡♣ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s F1 lt.conf ✐♥❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t❧②✳ locationtrackerd SpecElektra ❇♦①❡s ❛r❡ ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✱ ❝②❧✐♥❞❡rs ❛r❡ F2 battery gpsd ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ✜❧❡s✱ ❋❄ ❛r❡ ❢r♦♥t❡♥❞s ♦r ❢r♦♥t❡♥❞ ❛❞❛♣t❡rs✱ ▲❄ ❛r❡ L1 batteryd ❝♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ntp.conf ❧✐❜r❛r✐❡s ❬✼❪✳ F3 ntpd L2 ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✾✴✸✼

❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ▼❡t❛❧❡✈❡❧s ✭❘❡❝❛♣✐t✉❧❛t✐♦♥✮ ◗✉❡st✐♦♥ ❉❡s❝r✐❜❡ t❤❡ t❤r❡❡ ▼❡t❛❧❡✈❡❧s ✐♥ ❊❧❡❦tr❛✳ meta-specification of SpecElektra specifies (grammar via Ψ) configuration specification specifies configuration setting ▼❛r❦✉s ❘❛❛❜ ❈♦♥✜❣✉r❛t✐♦♥ ▼❛♥❛❣❡♠❡♥t ✶✵✴✸✼