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SLIDE 1

▼❛❝❤✐♥❡ ▲❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t ❙♦❧✈✐♥❣

❆❧❡❥❛♥❞r♦ ❆r❜❡❧❛❡③✱ ❨♦✉ss❡❢ ❍❛♠❛❞✐✱ ▼✐❝❤è❧❡ ❙❡❜❛❣ ❚❆❖✱ ❯♥✐✈✳ P❛r✐s✲❙✉❞ ❉❛❣st✉❤❧ − ▼❛② ✶✼t❤✱ ✷✵✶✶

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SLIDE 2

P♦s✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠

❆❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s✱ t❤❡ ✈✐s✐♦♥ ❙♦❢t✇❛r❡ ❡❞✐t♦r ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✿ ❆ ●❖ ❜✉tt♦♥ ❘❡s❡❛r❝❤❡r ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✿ ♠♦r❡ ✐s ❜❡tt❡r

❛❞❞ ♦t❤❡r ❢✉♥❝t✐♦♥❛❧✐t✐❡s ✭✇✐t❤ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs✮

❈♦♠♠✉♥✐t② ✈✐s✐♦♥ ✿ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✐s ✐♥t❡r❡st✐♥❣

❞❡✈✐s❡ ♥❡✇ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ✭✇✐t❤ ❝♦♥tr♦❧ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs✮

❈r♦ss✐♥❣ t❤❡ ❝❤❛s♠ ✿ s♦❢t✇❛r❡ ❧✐❢❡ ❜❡②♦♥❞ r❡s❡❛r❝❤ ❧❛❜s ❆✉t♦♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❛❞❥✉st ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❝✉rr❡♥t ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❙❡❧❡❝t ❜❡st ✭❡①♣❡❝t❡❞✮ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❝✉rr❡♥t ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ▼❡t❛✲▲❡❛r♥✐♥❣

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SLIDE 3

▼❡t❛✲❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣

❢♦r ▼▲ ❙❡❧❡❝t ❛✉t♦♠❛t✐❝❛❧❧② ❜❡st ▼▲ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠

❇r❛❞③✐❧✱ ❇❡♥s♦✉ss❛♥✱ ●✐r❛✉❞✲❈❛rr✐❡r✱ ❑❛❧♦✉s✐s✱ ❑✐❡t③✱ ▼❛❧♦❜❡rt✐✳✳✳

▼❛✐♥ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t② ✿ ❞❡✈✐s❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t♦rs ❢♦r ❊✈♦❧✉t✐♦♥❛r② ❈♦♠♣✉t❛t✐♦♥ ❆❞❥✉st ♦♥✲❧✐♥❡ ♦♣❡r❛t♦r r❛t❡s

❚❤✐❡r❡♥s ❡t ❛❧ ✵✼✱ ✵✽ ❀ ❋✐❛❧❤♦ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✵✽✱ ✵✾✱ ✶✵

▼❛✐♥ ❞✐✣❝✉❧t② ✿ ❞❡✈✐s❡ ♦♣❡r❛t♦r ✏r❡✇❛r❞✑ ❀ ❛❞❥✉st ♦♣❡r❛t♦r r❛t❡ ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ✐ts r❡✇❛r❞ ✭❊①♣❧♦r❛t✐♦♥ ✈s ❊①♣❧♦✐t❛t✐♦♥✮✳ ❢♦r ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t ❙♦❧✈✐♥❣

❘✐❝❡ ✶✾✼✻

❈♦♥t❡①t ✿ ▼✐❝r♦s♦❢t ✴ ■◆❘■❆ ✴ ❈◆❘❙

  • ✐✈❡ t❤❡ ✉s❡r t❤❡ ❜❡st ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡ s❤❡ ❝❛♥ ❣❡t
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SLIDE 4

❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇

✶ ❙t❛t❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛rt ✷ ●♦❛❧ ✸ ❚❤❡ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ✿ ❧✐❢❡❧♦♥❣ ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ✹ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✺ ❉✐s❝✉ss✐♦♥ ✫ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡s

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SLIDE 5

❋♦r♠❛❧ ❜❛❝❦❣r♦✉♥❞

◆♦t❛t✐♦♥s ❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❳✶ . . . ❳♥ ❳✐ ❜❡❧♦♥❣s t♦ ❞♦♠❛✐♥ ❉✐ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❈✶ . . . ❈♠

✐♥ ❝❧♦s❡❞ ❢♦r♠ ✿ ❳✐ + ❳❥ = ❳❦ ❀ ❛❧❧❞✐✛❡r❡♥t✭❳✶, ❳✷, ..✮ ✐♥ ❡①t❡♥s✐♦♥ ✿ ❈(❳✶, ❳✷) ❤♦❧❞s ❢♦r {(✶, ✷), (✷, ✶), . . .}✳

❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ✿ ❙✉❞♦❦✉

❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❳✶✶ . . . ❳✾✾ ❉♦♠❛✐♥s ❉✐ = {✶ . . . ✾} ❈♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❆❧❧ ❞✐✛❡r❡♥t ✭❳✶,✐ . . . ❳✾,✐

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SLIDE 6

❋♦r♠❛❧ ❜❛❝❦❣r♦✉♥❞✱ ✷

❚②♣❡s ♦❢ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t ❙♦❧✈✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ ❛♥❞ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ s❡❛r❝❤ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t ❙❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ❜♦♦❧❡❛♥ ❞♦♠❛✐♥s ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t ❖♣t✐♠✐③❛t✐♦♥ ♠✐♥✳ ★ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ✐♥s❛t✐s✜❡❞ ◗✉❛♥t✐✜❡❞ ❇♦♦❧❡❛♥ ❋♦r♠✉❧❛❡

❇❡♥❡❞❡tt✐✱ ▼❛♥❣❛ss❛r✐❛♥ ✵✽

s❡❧❡❝t ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ s❡❧❡❝t ✈❛❧✉❡ r❡st❛rt

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SLIDE 7

❙♦♠❡ ❤❡✉r✐st✐❝s

❱❛❧✉❡ s❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥

♠✐♥✱ ♠❛①✱ ♠✐❞✱ r❛♥❞♦♠

❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡ s❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ♠✐♥❞♦♠ ❋✐rst ❋❛✐❧ Pr✐♥❝✐♣❧❡ ❞♦♠❞❡❣ ✇❡✐❣❤t❡❞ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ❛♥❞ ✇❞♦♠❞❡❣

❇♦✉ss❡♠❛rt ❡t ❛❧✳ ✵✹

s❝♦r❡✭✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡✮

❙❡❧♠❛♥ ▲❡✈êq✉❡ ▼✐t❝❤❡❧❧ ✾✷

◆♦✈❡❧t②

▼❝❆❧❧❡st❡r ❙❡❧♠❛♥ ❑❛✉t③ ✾✼

◆♦✈❡❧t②✰ ✿ ✇♣ ◆♦✈❡❧t② ✰ (✶ − ✇♣) ❲❛❧❦❙❛t

❍♦♦s ✾✾

◆♦✈❡❧t②✰♣ ✿ ✇✐t❤ ❛♥t✐❝✐♣❛t✐♦♥

▲✐ ❲❡✐ ❩❤❛♥❣ ✵✼

❆❞❛♣t✐✈❡ ◆♦✈❡❧t②✰ ✿ t✉♥❡ ✇♣ ❞❡♣❡♥❞✐♥❣ ♦♥ ❤✐st♦r②

❍♦♦s ✵✷

❙❝❛❧✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ Pr♦❜❛❜✐❧✐t② ❙♠♦♦t❤✐♥❣ ✭✇❡✐❣❤t✐♥❣ ❝❧❛✉s❡s✮

❍✉tt❡r ❚♦♠♣❦✐♥s ❍♦♦s ✵✷✱ ▲✐ ❲❡✐ ❩❤❛♥❣ ✵✼

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SLIDE 8

❙♦♠❡ ♦t❤❡r ❤❡✉r✐st✐❝s

❘❡st❛rt s❝❤❡❞✉❧❡ (t✶, ❍✶, t✷, ❍✷, . . .)

  • s♣❡♥❞ t✶ ✇✐t❤ ❍✶ ✭❝✉t♦✛ t✐♠❡✮
  • t❤❡♥ ✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ ❝✉t♦✛ t✐♠❡ ✭♦❢t❡♥ t✐+✶ = ❝ × t✐✮✱ ❛♥❞ ✉s❡ ❛♥♦t❤❡r

❤❡✉r✐st✐❝s✳ ◆♦t❡ t❤❛t ✉s✐♥❣ ❍✐ ♠✐❣❤t ♠♦❞✐❢② t❤❡ ❝❤♦✐❝❡s ❢♦r ❍✐+✶✳ ❖t❤❡r ❯s❡ ❛ t❛❜♦♦ ❧✐st ✐♥ ✐♥❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ s❡❛r❝❤

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SLIDE 9

▼❡t❛✲❙❡❛r❝❤

❆❢t❡r ❘✐❝❡ ✶✾✼✻ ■♠♣♦rt❛♥❝❡ ♦❢ ♣❜s ❞❡s❝r✐♣t♦rs

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SLIDE 10

▼❡t❛✲❙❡❛r❝❤ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s

❈❤❛r❛❝t❡r✐③❡ r✉♥t✐♠❡ s❤♦rt ✈s ❧♦♥❣

❍♦r✈✐t③ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✵✶

♣r❡❞✐❝t r✉♥t✐♠❡ ✭❊♠♣✐r✐❝❛❧ ❍❛r❞♥❡ss ▼♦❞❡❧✮

◆✉❞❡❧♠❛♥ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✵✷✱ ✵✹✱ ✵✾

♣r❡❞✐❝t t✐♠❡✲t♦✲s♦❧✉t✐♦♥

❍❛✐♠ ✫ ❲❛❧s❤ ✵✽✱ ✵✾

❙❆❚③✐❧❧❛ ✿ ❣✐✈❡♥ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡s tr❛✐♥✐♥❣ ✿ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t ✭✐♥st❛♥❝❡ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥✱ s♦❧✈❡r ♣❡r❢♦r♠❛♥❝❡✮ t❡st✐♥❣ ✿ ✐❞❡♥t✐❢② ❝❛♥❞✐❞❛t❡ s♦❧✈❡rs ❀ r✉♥ ❛❧❧ ♦❢ t❤❡♠ ❢♦r s❤♦rt t✐♠❡ ❀ r✉♥ t❤❡ ❡①♣❡❝t❡❞ ❜❡st ♦♥❡✳ ❊①t❡♥s✐♦♥s ✿ ♠✐①t✉r❡ ♦❢ ❡①♣❡rts

❳✉ ❡t ❛❧✳ ✵✼

♦t❤❡r ▼▲ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s

❉❡✈❧✐♥ ❛♥❞ ❖✬❙✉❧❧✐✈❛♥ ✵✽

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SLIDE 11

▼❡t❛✲❙❡❛r❝❤ ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s✱ ✷

❈P ❍②❞r❛

❖✬▼❛❤♦♥② ❡t ❛❧✳ ✵✽

♣♦rt❢♦❧✐♦ ✰ ❝❛s❡✲❜❛s❡❞ r❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ ❜✉✐❧❞ ❛♥ ❛r❝❤✐✈❡ ♦❢ ❝❛s❡s ✭♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡s✮ ❢♦r ❛ ♥❡✇ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡✱ ✜♥❞ ❦✲♥❡❛r❡st ♥❡✐❣❤❜♦r ❝❛s❡s ❜✉✐❧❞ ❛ s✇✐t❝❤✐♥❣ ♣♦❧✐❝②✱ r✉♥♥✐♥❣ ❛♥❞ st♦♣♣✐♥❣ ❜❧❛❝❦✲❜♦① s♦❧✈❡rs ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ❙②♥t❛❝t✐❝ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ✭❳❙❈P s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥s✮ ❙❡♠❛♥t✐❝ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ✿ ✉s❡ ❛ ♣r❡❧✐♠✐♥❛r② t❡st✐♥❣ ♣❤❛s❡ ✭✷s✮ ❛♥❞ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t ❣❡♥❡r❛❧ s❡❛r❝❤ st❛t✐st✐❝s Pr❛❣♠❛t✐❝ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s

❇❡❝❦ ❋r❡✉❞❡r ✵✹

✭❚✐♠❡ ■✱ ❛❧❣♦ ❆✮ ❂ ✶ ✐✛ ❆ ②✐❡❧❞s ❜❡st s♦❧✉t✐♦♥ ❛t ■✳ ✭❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❝✉r✈❡ s❧♦♣❡ ❢♦r ❡❛❝❤ ❛❧❣♦✮✳

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SLIDE 12

❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇

✶ ❙t❛t❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛rt ✷ ●♦❛❧ ✸ ❚❤❡ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ✿ ❧✐❢❡❧♦♥❣ ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ✹ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✺ ❉✐s❝✉ss✐♦♥ ✫ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡s

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SLIDE 13
  • ♦❛❧

◆♦ ❋r❡❡ ▲✉♥❝❤ ❚❤❡r❡ ✐s ♥♦ s✉❝❤ t❤✐♥❣ ❛s ❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs❛❧ ❇❡st ❈P str❛t❡❣② ❚❤❡ ♥❡❡❞ ❊❛❝❤ ✉s❡r ❤❛s ❛ s♣❡❝✐✜❝ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡s ❚❤❡r❡ ❡①✐sts ❛ ❜❡st str❛t❡❣② ❢♦r t❤✐s ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ❚❤✐s ❞✐str✐❜✉t✐♦♥ ✐s ♥♦t ❦♥♦✇♥ ✐♥ ❛❞✈❛♥❝❡ ❀ ✐t ✐s ♣r♦♥❡ t♦ ❡✈♦❧✈❡ ❚❤❡ ♦♣♣♦rt✉♥✐t② ❚❤❡ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡r ✐s ✐❞❧❡ ♠♦st ♦❢ ✐ts t✐♠❡ ■❞❧❡ t✐♠❡ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ t♦ s❡❧❢✲♣❧❛② ❛♥❞ ❧❡❛r♥ t❤❡ ❜❡st str❛t❡❣②✳

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SLIDE 14

❈♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s ❙❡❛r❝❤ ❢♦r ❈P

  • ❡♥❡r❛❧ s❡tt✐♥❣

❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ✿ ❉❡❢❛✉❧t ❢ ❂ ❤❡✉r✐st✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧

✶ ❈❤❡❝❦♣♦✐♥t ✐ ✿ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ①✱ ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❜❡st

❤❡✉r✐st✐❝s ❍✐ = ❢ (①)

✷ ❆♣♣❧② ❍✐ ✉♥t✐❧ ❝✉t♦✛ t✐♠❡ t✐ ✸ ●♦t♦ ✶ ✭① ❤❛s ❝❤❛♥❣❡❞ ✦✮

✭♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♠♠❡♥t ✿ ♠♦r❡ ❛ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠✳✳✳✮

▲❛❣♦✉❞❛❦✐s ❛♥❞ ▲✐tt♠❛♥ ✷✵✵✶

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SLIDE 15

❈♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s ❙❡❛r❝❤ ❢♦r ❈P

  • ❡♥❡r❛❧ s❡tt✐♥❣

❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ✿ ❉❡❢❛✉❧t ❢ ❂ ❤❡✉r✐st✐❝ ♠♦❞❡❧

✶ ❈❤❡❝❦♣♦✐♥t ✐ ✿ ❝♦♠♣✉t❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❞❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ①✱ ✜♥❞ t❤❡ ❜❡st

❤❡✉r✐st✐❝s ❍✐ = ❢ (①)

✷ ❆♣♣❧② ❍✐ ✉♥t✐❧ ❝✉t♦✛ t✐♠❡ t✐ ✸ ●♦t♦ ✶ ✭① ❤❛s ❝❤❛♥❣❡❞ ✦✮

✭♣❡rs♦♥❛❧ ❝♦♠♠❡♥t ✿ ♠♦r❡ ❛ r❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠✳✳✳✮

▲❛❣♦✉❞❛❦✐s ❛♥❞ ▲✐tt♠❛♥ ✷✵✵✶

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SLIDE 16

❈♦♥t✐♥✉♦✉s ❙❡❛r❝❤ ❢♦r ❈P✱ ✷

❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ Pr♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥✴❊①♣❧♦✐t❛t✐♦♥ ♠♦❞❡ ✿ ✉s❡ ❉❡❢❛✉❧t ✉s❡ ❢ ▲❡❛r♥✐♥❣✴❊①♣❧♦r❛t✐♦♥ ♠♦❞❡ ❞✉r✐♥❣ ✐❞❧❡ t✐♠❡ r❡✈✐s❡ ❢

tr② ✈❛r✐❛♥ts ✭✉s❡ ❍ <> ❢ (①)✮ ❝♦❧❧❡❝t ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ((①, ✶❍), ② r❡❧❡❛r♥ ❢

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SLIDE 17

❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✿ ✾✺ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ✐♥ t♦t♦

❙t❛t✐❝ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s

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SLIDE 18

❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ✿ ✾✺ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s ✐♥ t♦t♦

❙t❛t✐❝ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s

Pr♦❜❧❡♠ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥ ✿ ❞❡♥s✐t②✱ t✐❣❤t♥❡ss✱ ✳✳✳ ❱❛r✐❛❜❧❡ s✐③❡ ❛♥❞ ❞❡❣r❡❡ ✭♠✐♥✱ ♠❛①✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡✱ ✈❛r✐❛♥❝❡✮ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t ❞❡❣r❡❡ ❛♥❞ ❝♦st ❝❛t❡❣♦r② ✭❡①♣✱ ❝✉❜✐❝✱ q✉❛❞r❛t✐❝✱ ❧✐♥✳ ❝❤❡❛♣✱ ❧✐♥✳ ❡①♣❡♥s✐✈❡✮

❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❢❡❛t✉r❡s

❍❡✉r✐st✐❝ ❝r✐t❡r✐❛✭✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡✮ ✿ ✇❞❡❣✱ ❞♦♠❞❡❣✱ ✐♠♣❛❝t ✿ ♠✐♥✱ ♠❛①✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡ ♦✈❡r ❛❧❧ ✈❛r ✶✺ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t ✇❡✐❣❤t ✭✇❞❡❣✮ ✿ ♠✐♥✱ ♠❛①✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡ ✶✷ ❈♦♥str❛✐♥t ✜❧t❡r✐♥❣ ✿ ♠✐♥✱ ♠❛①✱ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡ ♦❢ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ t✐♠❡s ❝❛❧❧❡❞ ❜② ♣r♦♣❛❣❛t✐♦♥ ✸ ❈❤❡❝❦♣♦✐♥t ✐♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ✿ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ♥♦❞❡s✱ ♠❛① ❞❡♣t❤✱ ♥✉♠❜❡r ♦❢ ❛ss✐❣♥❡❞ ✈❛r✴s❛t ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❢♦r t❤❡ ❧❛st ♥♦♥✲❢❛✐❧❡❞ ♥♦❞❡✱ ✇❞❡❣ ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣❛❝t ♦❢ ♥♦♥✲❛ss✐❣♥❡❞ ✈❛r ✸✸

❊✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ♥♦r♠❛❧✐③❡❞ ✐♥ [−✶, ✶]

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SLIDE 19
  • ❛t❤❡r✐♥❣ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ❛♥❞ ✐♠♣r♦✈✐♥❣

❉✉r✐♥❣ ✐❞❧❡ t✐♠❡ ❝♦♥s✐❞❡r t❤❡ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡ ❧❛st s♦❧✈❡❞✱ ❣❡♥❡r❛t❡ ♥❡✇ tr✐❛❧s

✶ ❡❛❝❤ tr✐❛❧ ✿ ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣ ❛s ✐♥ ♣r♦❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♠♦❞❡ ❡①❝❡♣t ❢♦r ✐✲t❤

❝❤❡❝❦♣♦✐♥t

✷ ❛t ✐✲t❤ ❝❤❡❝❦♣♦✐♥t✱ tr② t❤❡ s❡❝♦♥❞ ❜❡st ❤❡✉r✐st✐❝s ❛❢t❡r t❤❡

❝✉rr❡♥t ❤✳♠♦❞❡❧ ❢ ✳ (①, ❤)

✸ s❡❡ ✐❢ ✐t ✐♠♣r♦✈❡s ♦♥ ❞❡❢❛✉❧t

✹ ❋✐♥❛❧❧② E = {((①, ❤), ②)} ✺ ▲❡❛r♥ ❢ ❢r♦♠ E

  • ❛✉ss✐❛♥ ❙❱▼

❉✐✣❝✉❧t② ❍✉❣❡❧② ✐♠❜❛❧❛♥❝❡❞ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❀ ② = ✶ ✐❢ t✐♠❡(tr✐❛❧) ∼ t✐♠❡(❞❡❢❛✉❧t)✳

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SLIDE 20

❖✈❡r✈✐❡✇

✶ ❙t❛t❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛rt ✷ ●♦❛❧ ✸ ❚❤❡ ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠ ✿ ❧✐❢❡❧♦♥❣ ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ✹ ❘❡s✉❧ts ✺ ❉✐s❝✉ss✐♦♥ ✫ ♣❡rs♣❡❝t✐✈❡s

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SLIDE 21

Pr♦❜❧❡♠s

✹✾✻ ❈❙P ❢r♦♠ ▼✐♥✐❩✐♥❝ ❛♥❞ ❳❈❩P r❡♣♦s✐t♦r✐❡s

✶ ◆✉rs❡ s❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

✶✵✵

✷ ❇❛❧❛♥❝❡ ■♥❝♦♠♣❧❡t❡ ❇❧♦❝❦ ❉❡s✐❣♥

✽✸

✸ ❏♦❜ s❤♦♣ s❝❤❡❞✉❧✐♥❣

✶✸✵

✹ ●❡♦♠❡tr✐❝

✶✵✵

✺ ▲❛♥❣❢♦r❞ ♥✉♠❜❡rs

✽✸ ❊①♣❡r✐♠❡♥t❛❧ s❡tt✐♥❣

  • ❡❝♦❞❡ ✷✳✶✳✶

❝✉t♦✛ ✶✱✵✵✵ ✭✐♥❝r❡❛s❡ × ✶✳✺✮ ❍❡✉r✐st✐❝s ✿ ♠✐♥❞♦♠✱ ❞♦♠❞❡❣✱ ✇❞❡❣✱ ❞♦♠✲✇❞❡❣✱ ✐♠♣❛❝ts ❱❛❧✉❡ s❡❧❡❝t✐♦♥ ✿ ♠✐♥✲❞♦♠ P❡r❢ ✿ ❛✈❡r❛❣❡ ♦♥ ✶✵ r❛♥❞♦♠ ♦r❞❡r✐♥❣s ♦❢ ❈❙ ✐♥st❛♥❝❡s✳

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SLIDE 22

❘❡s✉❧ts

▲❛♥❣❢♦r❞ ♥✉♠❜❡rs

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SLIDE 23

▼♦r❡ r❡s✉❧ts

  • ❡♦♠

❏♦❜ s❤♦♣ ♥✉rs❡ ❜✐❜❞

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SLIDE 24

▼♦r❡ r❡s✉❧ts

❚✐♠❡ ♦✉t ✺ ♠✐♥ ❚✐♠❡ ♦✉t ✸ ♠✐♥

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SLIDE 25

❈♦♠♠❡♥ts

❇❡♥❡✜ts ♦❢ ♦♥❧✐♥❡ ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❈❛♥ q✉✐❝❦❧② ❝♦♥✈❡r❣❡ t♦ ❜❡st ❤❡✉r✐st✐❝s ✸ ♦✉t ♦❢ ✺ ❈❛♥ s✇✐t❝❤ t♦ ❤②❜r✐❞ str❛t❡❣② ✷ ♦✉t ♦❢ ✺ ▼❡t❛✲s❡❛r❝❤ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝② ✈s ♠♦❞❡❧ ❛❝❝✉r❛❝②

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SLIDE 26

❉✐s❝✉ss✐♦♥

▼♦st ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s ❛r❡ ♦✤✐♥❡ ❙❆❚③✐❧❧❛

❳✉✱ ❍✉tt❡r✱ ❍♦♦s✱ ▲❡②t♦♥✲❇r♦✇♥ ✵✽

❈P❍②❞r❛

❖✬▼❛❤♦♥② ❡t ❛❧✳ ✵✽

s❡❧❢✲❆◗▼❊

P✉❧✐♥❛ ❚❛❝❝❤❡❧❧❛ ✵✾

■ss✉❡s ❉❛t❛ ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✿ q✉❛♥t✐t② ✴ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐✈✐t② P❛ss✐✈❡ ✈s ❆❝t✐✈❡ ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ✿ st❛t✐❝✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝✱ ♣r❛❣♠❛t✐❝ ❘❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣✳✳✳

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SLIDE 27

❉✐s❝✉ss✐♦♥

▼♦st ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤❡s ❛r❡ ♦✤✐♥❡ ❙❆❚③✐❧❧❛

❳✉✱ ❍✉tt❡r✱ ❍♦♦s✱ ▲❡②t♦♥✲❇r♦✇♥ ✵✽

❈P❍②❞r❛

❖✬▼❛❤♦♥② ❡t ❛❧✳ ✵✽

s❡❧❢✲❆◗▼❊

P✉❧✐♥❛ ❚❛❝❝❤❡❧❧❛ ✵✾

■ss✉❡s ❉❛t❛ ♥❡❡❞❡❞ ✿ q✉❛♥t✐t② ✴ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐✈✐t② P❛ss✐✈❡ ✈s ❆❝t✐✈❡ ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ✿ st❛t✐❝✱ ❞②♥❛♠✐❝✱ ♣r❛❣♠❛t✐❝ ❘❡✐♥❢♦r❝❡♠❡♥t ❧❡❛r♥✐♥❣✳✳✳