r r r pr t t

rr r - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

rr r Prtt s t tt sts r


  1. ❆ ❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ❢♦r ❙♣❡❝✐❢②✐♥❣✱ Pr♦t♦t②♣✐♥❣✱ ❛♥❞ ❘❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t ❈♦♠♣✉t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❙②st❡♠s ❆♥❞r❡✇ ●❛❝❡❦ ❉❡♣❛rt♠❡♥t ♦❢ ❈♦♠♣✉t❡r ❙❝✐❡♥❝❡ ❛♥❞ ❊♥❣✐♥❡❡r✐♥❣ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ▼✐♥♥❡s♦t❛ P❤❉ ❉❡❢❡♥s❡ ❙❡♣t❡♠❜❡r ✽✱ ✷✵✵✾ ✶

  2. ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ❲❡ ❛r❡ ✐♥t❡r❡st❡❞ ✐♥ ❛ ❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ❢♦r ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣✐♥❣ ❢♦r♠❛❧ s②st❡♠s ❙♦♠❡ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡ ❢♦r♠❛❧ s②st❡♠s✿ • ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ t②♣✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❛ ♣r♦❣r❛♠♠✐♥❣ ❧❛♥❣✉❛❣❡ • Pr♦✈❛❜✐❧✐t② ✐♥ ❛ ❧♦❣✐❝ • ❇❡❤❛✈✐♦r ✐♥ ❛ ❝♦♥❝✉rr❡♥❝② s②st❡♠ ❆ ❢r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ s❤♦✉❧❞ s✉♣♣♦rt✿ • ❙♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ♣r♦t♦t②♣✐♥❣✱ r❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ • ❲♦r❦✐♥❣ ✇✐t❤ ♦❜❥❡❝ts ✇✐t❤ ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ str✉❝t✉r❡ ✷

  3. ❖✉r ❆♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t♦ ❇✉✐❧❞✐♥❣ ❛ ❋r❛♠❡✇♦r❦ ❆ ❧♦❣✐❝✲❜❛s❡❞ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✿ • ❆ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ❧♦❣✐❝ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❡♥❝♦❞❡s ❢♦r♠❛❧ s②st❡♠s t❤r♦✉❣❤ ❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s • Pr♦t♦t②♣✐♥❣ ✈✐❛ ❛ ❝♦♠♣✉t❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ❧♦❣✐❝ • ❆ r❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ ❧♦❣✐❝ ✇❤✐❝❤ ❝❛♥ ✐♥t❡r♥❛❧✐③❡ t❤❡ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥ ❧♦❣✐❝ ❛♥❞ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞ t♦ ♣r♦✈❡ ♣r♦♣❡rt✐❡s ♦❢ s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥s ❆ ❤✐❣❤❡r✲♦r❞❡r ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤✿ • ❇♦t❤ ❧♦❣✐❝s ✐♥❝♦r♣♦r❛t❡ t❤❡ λ ✲❝❛❧❝✉❧✉s ✐♥ t❤❡✐r t❡r♠ str✉❝t✉r❡ s♦ ✇❡ ❝❛♥ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ • ❚❤❡② ❝♦♥t❛✐♥ ❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❞❡✈✐❝❡s ❢♦r ❛♥❛❧②③✐♥❣ s✉❝❤ str✉❝t✉r❡ ✸

  4. ❈♦♥tr✐❜✉t✐♦♥s • ❚❤❡ ❧♦❣✐❝ G ❢♦r r❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t s♣❡❝✐✜❝❛t✐♦♥s • ❆❜❡❧❧❛✿ ❛♥ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ G ✇❤✐❝❤ ✐♥❝♦r♣♦r❛t❡s t❤❡ t✇♦✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❧♦❣✐❝ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t♦ r❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ • ❘✐❝❤ ❡①❛♠♣❧❡s ❝♦♥str✉❝t❡❞ ✐♥ ❆❜❡❧❧❛ ✇❤✐❝❤ ✈❡r✐❢② t❤❡ ♣♦✇❡r ♦❢ G ❛♥❞ t❤❡ ✉s❡❢✉❧♥❡ss ❛♥❞ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❧✐t② ♦❢ t❤❡ t✇♦✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❧♦❣✐❝ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ t♦ r❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ ✹

  5. ❊①❛♠♣❧❡✿ ▼✐♥✐✲▼▲ ▼✐♥✐✲▼▲ ❙②♥t❛① ❛ ::= ✐♥t | ❛ → ❛ t ::= ① | t t | ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❛ ❂❃ t ✮ ▼✐♥✐✲▼▲ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ t ⇓ ✈ ♠❡❛♥s t ❡✈❛❧✉❛t❡s t♦ ✈ ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❛ ❂❃ r ✮ ⇓ ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❛ ❂❃ r ✮ ♠ ⇓ ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❛ ❂❃ r ✮ r [ ① := ♥ ] ⇓ ✈ ♠ ♥ ⇓ ✈ ✺

  6. ❘❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ ❛❜♦✉t ▼✐♥✐✲▼▲ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ✭❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❝② ♦❢ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥✮ ■❢ t ⇓ ✈ ❛♥❞ t ⇓ ✇ t❤❡♥ ✈ = ✇ Pr♦♦❢✳ ■♥❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ♦♥ t❤❡ ❞❡r✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t ⇓ ✈ Pr♦❝❡❡❞ ❜② ❝❛s❡s✱ • t ❛♥❞ ✈ ❛r❡ ❜♦t❤ ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❛ ❂❃ r ✮ ▼✉st ❜❡ t❤❛t ✇ ✐s ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❛ ❂❃ r ✮ • t ✐s ♠ ♥ • ▼✉st ❤❛✈❡ ♠ ⇓ ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❛ ❂❃ r ✮ ❛♥❞ r [ ① := ♥ ] ⇓ ✈ • ▼✉st ❤❛✈❡ ♠ ⇓ ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❜ ❂❃ s ✮ ❛♥❞ s [ ① := ♥ ] ⇓ ✇ • ❇② ✐♥❞✉❝t✐♦♥ r = s ✱ ❛♥❞ t❤✉s ❜② ✐♥❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ✈ = ✇ ✻

  7. ❆ ❍✐❣❤❡r✲♦r❞❡r ❆❜str❛❝t ❙②♥t❛① ❘❡♣r❡s❡♥t❛t✐♦♥ ❖❜❥❡❝t ❧❡✈❡❧ ❜✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ r❡♣r❡s❡♥t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ♠❡t❛✲❧❡✈❡❧ ❛❜str❛❝t✐♦♥ ❈♦♥st❛♥ts ❢♦r ▼✐♥✐✲▼▲ ✐♥t :: t②♣❡ ❛rr♦✇ :: t②♣❡ → t②♣❡ → t②♣❡ ❛♣♣ :: t❡r♠ → t❡r♠ → t❡r♠ ❢✉♥ :: t②♣❡ → ( t❡r♠ → t❡r♠ ) → t❡r♠ ❊①❛♠♣❧❡ ❢♥ ① ✿ ✐♥t ❂❃ ❢♥ ② ✿ ✐♥t ❂❃ ① ❢✉♥ ✐♥t ( λ ① . ❢✉♥ ✐♥t ( λ ② . ① )) ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ✐ss✉❡s ❛r❡ ♥♦✇ tr❡❛t❡❞ ✐♥ t❤❡ ♠❡t❛✲❧❡✈❡❧ ✼

  8. ❇❛s✐❝ ❙tr✉❝t✉r❡ ❢♦r ❘❡❛s♦♥✐♥❣ • ❋♦r♠✉❧❛s ♦✈❡r ❡①♣r❡ss✐♦♥s ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ s✐♠♣❧②✲t②♣❡❞ λ ✲❝❛❧❝✉❧✉s • ❆t♦♠✐❝ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ❡♥❝♦❞❡ ♦❜❥❡❝t s②st❡♠ ❥✉❞❣♠❡♥ts • ❘❡❧❛t✐♦♥s❤✐♣s ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❥✉❞❣♠❡♥ts ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ✇✐t❤ ❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s • ❚❤❡ ❢♦r♠❛❧ s②st❡♠ ♣r♦✈✐❞❡s ❛ ♠❡❛♥s ❢♦r ❞❡r✐✈✐♥❣ s❡q✉❡♥ts ♦❢ t❤❡ ❢♦r♠✿ ❍ ✶ , . . . , ❍ ♥ − → ❈ ✽

  9. ❙♦♠❡ ❈♦r❡ ❘✉❧❡s ♦❢ t❤❡ ▲♦❣✐❝ Γ − → ❇ ❇ , Γ − → ❈ ❝✉t → ❇ ✐❞ Γ , ❇ − Γ − → ❈ → ❈ ⊥L → ⊤ ⊤R Γ , ⊥ − Γ − Γ , ❇ ✐ − → ❈ Γ − → ❇ Γ − → ❈ → ❈ ∧L ✐ ∧R Γ , ❇ ✶ ∧ ❇ ✷ − Γ − → ❇ ∧ ❈ Γ − → ❇ Γ , ❉ − → ❈ Γ , ❇ − → ❈ ⊃L → ❇ ⊃ ❈ ⊃R Γ , ❇ ⊃ ❉ − → ❈ Γ − Γ , ❇ [ ❤ / ① ] − → ❈ Γ − → ❇ [ t / ① ] ∃L ∃R Γ , ∃ ① . ❇ − → ❈ Γ − → ∃ ① . ❇ ✾

  10. ❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ① ) � ❇ ( � ❚❤❡ s②♥t❛① ♦❢ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s✿ ∀ � ① . ❍ ( � ① ) ❆t♦♠✐❝ ❢♦r♠✉❧❛s ❛r❡ ✐♥t❡r♣r❡t❡❞ ❛s ✜①❡❞✲♣♦✐♥ts ♦❢ s✉❝❤ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ❡✈❛❧ ( ❢✉♥ ❆ ❘ ) ( ❢✉♥ ❆ ❘ ) � ⊤ ❡✈❛❧ ( ❛♣♣ ▼ ◆ ) ❱ � ∃ ❆ . ∃ ❘ . ❡✈❛❧ ▼ ( ❢✉♥ ❆ ❘ ) ∧ ❡✈❛❧ ( ❘ ◆ ) ❱ ❲❡ ❝❛♥ ❡♥❝♦❞❡ t❤✐s ✐♥ ❛ s✐♥❣❧❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥❛❧ ❝❧❛✉s❡✿ ❡✈❛❧ ❚ ❱ � ( ∃ ❆ , ❘ . ❚ = ( ❢✉♥ ❆ ❘ ) ∧ ❱ = ( ❢✉♥ ❆ ❘ )) ∨ ( ∃ ▼ , ◆ , ❆ , ❘ . ❚ = ( ❛♣♣ ▼ ◆ ) ∧ ❡✈❛❧ ▼ ( ❢✉♥ ❆ ❘ ) ∧ ❡✈❛❧ ( ❘ ◆ ) ❱ ) ✶✵

  11. ▲♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❘✉❧❡s ❢♦r ❉❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ▲❡t ♣ ❜❡ ❞❡✜♥❡❞ ❜② ① � ❇ ♣ � ∀ � ① . ♣ � ① Γ , ❇ ♣ � → ❇ ♣ � t − → ❈ Γ − t ❞❡❢ L ❞❡❢ R Γ , ♣ � → ♣ � t − → ❈ Γ − t ❲❡ ❛❧s♦ ❤❛✈❡ r✉❧❡s ❢♦r ✐♥❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❝♦✲✐♥❞✉❝t✐♦♥ ❢♦r ❛♣♣r♦♣r✐❛t❡ ❞❡✜♥✐t✐♦♥s ✶✶

  12. ❋♦r♠❛❧❧② Pr♦✈✐♥❣ ❉❡t❡r♠✐♥❛❝② ♦❢ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ ❚❤❡♦r❡♠ ∀ t , ✈ , ✇ . ( ❡✈❛❧ t ✈ ∧ ❡✈❛❧ t ✇ ) ⊃ ✈ = ✇ Pr♦♦❢✳ ❆♣♣❧② r✉❧❡s ❢♦r ∀ ✱ ∧ ✱ ❛♥❞ ⊃ ❡✈❛❧ t ✈ , ❡✈❛❧ t ✇ − → ✈ = ✇ ❈❛s❡ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s ♦♥ ❡✈❛❧ t ✈ • t = ✈ = ( ❢✉♥ ❛ r ) ❡✈❛❧ ( ❢✉♥ ❛ r ) ✇ − → ( ❢✉♥ ❛ r ) = ✇ ❈❛s❡ ❛♥❛❧②s✐s ♦♥ ❡✈❛❧ ( ❢✉♥ ❛ r ) ✇ − → ( ❢✉♥ ❛ r ) = ( ❢✉♥ ❛ r ) • t = ( ❛♣♣ ♠ ♥ ) ✳ ✳ ✳ ✶✷

  13. ❉②♥❛♠✐❝ ❆s♣❡❝ts ♦❢ ❇✐♥❞✐♥❣ ❈♦♥s✐❞❡r ❛ t②♣✐♥❣ ❥✉❞❣♠❡♥t ❢♦r ▼✐♥✐✲▼▲ ① : ❛ ∈ Γ Γ ⊢ ♠ : ❛ → ❜ Γ ⊢ ♥ : ❛ Γ ⊢ ① : ❛ Γ ⊢ ♠ ♥ : ❜ Γ , ① : ❛ ⊢ r : ❜ Γ ⊢ ✭❢♥ ①✿ ❛ ❂❃ r ✮ : ❛ → ❜ ① / ∈ ❞♦♠ (Γ) ♦❢ Γ ❳ ❆ � ♠❡♠❜❡r ( ❳ : ❆ ) Γ ♦❢ Γ ( ❛♣♣ ▼ ◆ ) ❇ � ∃ ❆ . ♦❢ Γ ▼ ( ❛rr♦✇ ❆ ❇ ) ∧ ♦❢ Γ ◆ ❆ ♦❢ Γ ( ❢✉♥ ❆ ❘ ) ( ❛rr♦✇ ❆ ❇ ) � ∇ ① . ♦❢ (( ① : ❆ ) :: Γ) ( ❘ ① ) ❇ ✶✸

Recommend


More recommend