R&D in Brazil Brazil: : R&D in The Role of Finep in Role - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

R&D in Brazil Brazil: : R&D in The Role of Finep in Role of Finep in The the Federal Federal Government Government the Sergio M. Rezende __________________________ SMR, GLOBELICS-03/11/2003

Historical Notes Notes Historical Brazil, 19th Century Royal Family arrives in Br in 1808 as Napoleon threat to invade Portugal Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil � 1808 - Royal Press created – first legal printing machines � 1822 – Independence of Brazil

istorical Notes Notes – – Late Late start on start on S& S& istorical Important institutions created � 1808- Medical Schools: Rio and Salvador � 1810- Royal Military Academy- Later Engineering School (1874) � 1827- Law Schools: São Paulo and Olinda-Recife � 1887 - Agronomical Station of Campinas – (Dafert) � 1892 – Vaccine Institute of São Paulo and Inst. Bacterials - Butantã (Adolfo Lutz, Vital Brasil) � 1889 - Public Health Institute Manguinhos (Oswaldo Cruz, Carlos Chagas)

Historical Notes Notes Historical 1934 - University of São Paulo – USP 1948 – Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science –SBPC 1950 – Institute for Aeronautical Technology - ITA 1951 – National Research Council (CNPq) and CAPES 1962 – FAPESP begins operation 1962 – FUNTEC/BNDES - beginning of graduate programs 1968 – Reform of federal university system – full time jobs 1967 – Financing Agency for Studies and Projects - FINEP 1973 - EMBRAPA 1986 – Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT

S&T in the Federal Government National S&T Council Ministry Ministry Ministry Ministry of Ministry of of of Agriculture of S&T Industry Education Health Research units Universities EMBRAPA FioCruz CNPq Technical schools Finep Capes Ministry Ministry Ministry of of of Communication s Environmen Defense ITA t

Ministry of of Ministry ederal University System University System ederal Education Education

Units of MCT

Synchrotron Light National Laboratory

Role of CNPq: Individual research grants; Undergraduate, Graduate and Research Fellowships Number of fellowships 60000 50000 Research 40000 Graduate 30000 Undergraduate 20000 10000 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

CAPES fellowships 30.000 25.000 20.000 PhDs 15.000 MSC 10.000 5.000 0 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 0 1

Papers published Papers published ______________ Cortesia- C.H. Brito Cruz

PhDs graduation in Brazil 6000 5000 4800 4000 4000 3604 2950 3000 2479 1875 2031 2000 1750 1759 1410 1139 990 1005 1000 720 743 628 587 551 547 554 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

ITA made EMBRAER possible Brazil begins to manufacture modern airplanes Embraer planes become important in the export agenda of Brazil Cortesia C.H. Brito Cruz

EMBRAPA established research centers throughout the Country. Many interact with universities

Brazilian agricultural production propelled by S&T Product World Rank in 2002 Sugar 1 st Orange juice 1 st Coffee 1 st Soil bean 2 nd Beef 2 nd Poultry 2 nd Corn 3 rd Fruits 3 rd

DISTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH GROUPS BY AREA 31 % Natural Sciences Humanities & Social Sciences 27% Life Sciences 42%

Expenditures on R&D - 1999 Source Relative % of GNP participation % Federal Government 40 0.35 State Governments 23 0.20 ___________________________________________ Total Government 63 0.55 ____________________________________________ Private Companies 37 0.33 TOTAL 100 0.88

Expenditures of federal funds for R&D - 1999 Others 4% Environment 2% Health 3% MCT 47% Industry&Commerce 4% Agriculture 19% Education 21%

Expenditures of State Governments on S&T Activities - 1999

Current challenge of S&T System Brazil has the largest and Brazil has the largest and best S&T system in Latin best S&T system in Latin America America However, , few private companies few private companies However do R&D do R&D To incorporate R&D activities activities To incorporate R&D in the productive sector and and in the productive sector to make make society benefit from to society benefit from the products of science science and the products of and

Ministry of Science and Technology National Ministry S&T Council Financing National National National Agency for Research Nuclear Space Studies & Commission Agency Council - Projects CNPq FINEP Research Units National Labs Technological Institutes (Total of 22)

Objectives of of new new management management of MCT of MCT Objectives 1. Promote 1. Promote R&D in R&D in science and technology science and technology, , formation formation of human resources and international cooperation of human resources and international cooperation for the development for the development of of the the Country Country and the and the afirmation of afirmation of its sovereignty its sovereignty. . CNPq: Fellowships CNPq: Fellowships and and individual individual grants grants FINEP: Research grants FINEP: Research grants to to institutions institutions 2. 2. Estimulate Estimulate R&D and innovation R&D and innovation in in industry with industry with emphasis on emphasis on sectors that promote sectors that promote substitution substitution of of imported goods and the value added to imported goods and the value added to national national products. products . FINEP: Financing FINEP: Financing of of technological technological centers centers and and

3. Stimulate local local development development, , basic basic and applied and applied 3. Stimulate research, , aiming aiming at improving improving the geographical research at the geographical distribution of of the the S&T S&T system system. . distribution 4. Establish programs Establish programs for for technological technological difusion difusion to to support the support the 4. development of of small small business business and and for for the the use of use of knowledge knowledge in in development actions with social social impact impact. . actions with 5. Promote projects and actions Promote projects and actions for for the the popularization popularization of of scientific scientific 5. knowledge and and the the improvement improvement of of science science teaching teaching in in high school high school. . knowledge

Expenditures on S&T by MCT (R$ 1 million) Sectorial Funds for S&T

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Tecnologico - - CNPq CNPq Cientifico e � Individual research grants � Nuclei of Excellence � Millenium Institutes � Research felowships � Graduate student fellowships � Undergraduate fellowships � Thematic networks (biotecnology, nanoscience)

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - FINEP FINEP - Double Role of FINEP � Financing Agency for S,T&I: FNDCT Research grants to non-profit institutions � Bank: loans at low interest rates

Other initiatives of FINEP � Grants to researchers in small firms � Venture capital to selected small firms � Support to venture capital funds � Venture forums Thanks for your attention � Science parks � Incubators of high tech firms