Public Reporting of Food Science in the Public Interest Import - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

David W. Plunkett Center for Science in the Public Interest July 20, 2011

Collaborative Food Safety Forum

Public Reporting of Food Import Metrics

“If you don't know where you are going, you might wind up someplace else.” Yogi Berra

CSPI/SFI and IACFO

• The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) is

a bi-national NGO representing over 850,000 consumers in both the U.S. and Canada.

• Safe Food International (SFI), a CSPI project,

partners with consumer organizations in other regions of the world on food safety issues.

• The International Association of Consumer

Organizations provides representation in Codex for consumer organizations on five continents.

The Importance of Metrics to Consumers

 Reliable data and appropriate metrics are essential to measure performance for managing food safety programs and making continuous improvements to better protect the public from foodborne disease.  The keys to good metrics are:

• Having good data,
• Choosing the right things to measure, and
• Transparent, consistent reporting.

 For consumers, public reporting of data and metrics provides accountability and builds trust in the food safety system.

What Will FDA Need under FSMA

 FDA will need at least three specific data collections to implement import provisions under the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act.

• Attribution data for the identification of high-risk foods.
• International disease reporting for the identification of high-

risk countries, territories and regions.

• Inspection reports to establish the compliance histories for

firms/facilities.

 Import metrics under FSMA include –

• Number of inspections performed
• Accrediting bodies performance
• Auditors performance

Data Resources

Outbreak Alert Safe Food Internat’l

Attributio ion D Dat ata a in in Outbreak A Ale lert!

• Outb

tbre reak A k Alert! t! contains over 6,600 outbreaks between 1990-2008.

• Using CDC’s Foodborne Out-

break Online Database (FOOD), CSPI maintains a database

• f those foodborne illness outbreaks with an

identified etiology and food vehicle.

• Outbreaks in the CSPI database are placed within
• ne of thirteen food categories. Each category is

then subdivided into food types.

Food

• d C

Categor

• ries i

s in Outbreak A k Alert!

USDA DA-Regulated F d Food

• Beef
• Pork
• Poultry
• Luncheon & Other Meats
• Both

FDA DA-Reg egulated F ed Food

• Beverages
• Breads & Bakery
• Dairy
• Eggs & Egg Dishes
• Game
• Multi-Ingredient Foods (No-

Meat)

• Produce
• Seafood

Total and Solved Outbreaks 1998-2007

916 890 903 690 772 655 820 567 793 719 398 454 514 548 560 418 499 415 454 378 34% 36% 42% 38% 39% 42% 44% 36% 34% 30%

200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Outbreaks

% Solved Unidentified food and/or etiology Identified food and etiology

Colorado*

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Outbreaks Reported Outbreaks Solved CO Only, Solved

273 Reported Outbreaks to CDC 170 Solved Outbreaks 150 Solved Outbreaks CO Only†

* 10 years of data † Excludes multi-state outbreaks Sou

• urce: O

Outbreak A Alert d database

Foods Linked to Solved Cases, 1998-2007

200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

Multi-ingredient (No-Meat) Seafood Produce Poultry Beef Multi-ingredient (Meat) Pork Dairy Breads and Bakery Luncheon/Other Meats Eggs Beverages Game

Number of Outbreaks

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

Number of Illnesses Outbreaks (N=4,638) Illnesses (N=117,136)

Sou

• urce: O

Outbreak A Alert d database

Reg egion

• ns
• Africa
• Europe
• Western Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East/North Africa
• Southeast Asia

Identifying High-Risk Foreign Countries

Informat ation S Source ces

• ProMed
• Bites, safe food from farm

to fork (ksu.edu)

• The Center for Animal

Health and Food Safety at the University of Minnesota

• STOP E-Alerts

Identifying Factors that May Affect Imports

Sou

• urce: S

Safe F Food I

• od International R

Repo ports Africa ca ( (n=128) 28)

Contam aminan ant No. Percent Cholera 105 82% Gastroenteritis 12 9% Contamination 2 2% Schistosomiasis 2 2% Hepatitis E 2 2%

Europe ( (n=97 97)

Contam aminan ant No. Percent Salmonella 20 21%

• E. coli

16 16% Gastroenteritis 12 12% Norovirus 9 9% Cryptosporidium 6 6%

Western rn P Pacifi fic ( (n=118)

Contam aminan ant No. Percent Gastroenteritis 30 25% Cholera 21 18% Contamination 16 14% Salmonella 9 8% Hepatitis A 6 5%

Metrics Choices

Inspections Case Study Refused Entry Case Study

Choice of What is Measured Matters

 FDA-Track provides useful metrics for internal management but isn’t as useful for informing public about what FDA does.  Public metrics are available in FDA’s budget justification documents, but may not tell a complete story.  Other metrics have to be drawn out from publically available materials on FDA’s website.

$0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 est

6,784 7,363 7,597 7,568 6,795 6,421 6,230 6,182 6,750

11,246 11,767 13,567 10,498 9,164 7,846 8,045 8,490 8,851 12,853

Inspections Measured Against Funding

Sou

• urce: F

FDA B Budget J Justifications

FDA Conducted Inspections High-Risk Inspections

Changes in Allocation of Staff Activities

Sou

• urce: F

FDA

2001

Domestic Inspections 56.3% Sample Collections 8.8% Investigations, Recall Audits & Coordination 7.9% Training Given & Received 10.2% Technical Assistance & Coordination 12.2% Foreign Inspections 2.9% Miscellaneous 1.7%

2009

Domestic Inspections 49.9% Sample Collections 7.5% Investigations, Recall Audits & Coordination 17.5% Training Given & Received 12.6% Foreign Inspections 4.8% Technical Assistance & Coordination 6.3% Miscellaneous 1.4%

Refusals of Imported Produce, 2009- 2010

Mexico

Pesticide Residue 59% Salmonella 24% Filthy 12% Other 1% Shigella 1% Listeria 2% Insanitary 1%

Sou

• urce: F

FDA I Impor port R Refusal R Repo port

 Data gathered during border refusals can produce meaningful metrics  Problems for consumers

• Data presentation is not user

friendly

• Coding makes information less

accessible to public

Types of Imported Foods Frequently Refused, FY2010

Seafood 16% Vegetables 15% Fruits 9% Spices/Flavors/Salts 8% Nonchocolate Candy 8% Bakery Products 8% Snack Foods 3% Multi-Food Dinners 4% Soft Drinks & Water 4% Cheese 3% Nuts & Edible Seeds 3% Chocolate & Cocoa 4% Pasta 2% Dressings & Condiments 2% Other 11%

Sou

• urce: F

FDA I Impor port R Refusal R Repo port

Consistency

Vanishing Reports Case Study Seafood HACCP Case Study

Vanishing Data and Inconsistent Reporting

 Changes in administrations result in lost data and metrics

• Historic budget justifications are no longer available beyond

FY2005.

• Strategic plans from prior administration difficult to find.
• Audit reports on state inspections were taken down.

 Metrics information changes

• Budget justifications change baseline for measuring high-risk

performance after 2004.

• Seafood HACCP evaluations stopped reporting overall

implementation after 2001.

Recommendation for Consumer Friendly Metrics

 Data sources

• FDA should make use of publically available and validated data

resources.

 Baselines

• FDA should establish baselines for measuring progress on

implementing FSMA.

 Consistency

• Reporting should be consistent over time.
• Baselines, such as past reports and plans should be publically

available.

 Transparency

• FDA should make data used in metrics publically available.

David id W. . Plu lunk nkett, J , J.D .D., ., J.M .M.

Cen Center f for

• r Science in the

e Pu Public I Inter erest 1220 L 220 L St., ., N NW Su Suite 300 300 Was ashington, D DC 20005 20005 Phone: ( : (202) 2) 7 777-83 8319 19 Fax ax: ( (202 202) 265 265-495 4954

E-mai mail: : dplunkett tt@c @csp spinet. t.org On On the i e int nter ernet: www.csp spinet. t.org and d www.s .saf afefood

• odinternat

ation

• nal

al.or .org

Thank you!