PSYCHOLOGICAL Pre-employment Assessments of Law Enforcement - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PSYCHOLOGICAL Pre-employment Assessments of Law Enforcement - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PSYCHOLOGICAL Pre-employment Assessments of Law Enforcement Candidates Stephen F. Curran, Ph.D., ABPP Board Certified, Police & Public Safety Psychology 29 W. Susquehanna Avenue, Suite 704 Towson, MD 21204 (800)962-5763 / (410)823-0555


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PSYCHOLOGICAL Pre-employment Assessments of Law Enforcement Candidates

Stephen F. Curran, Ph.D., ABPP

Board Certified, Police & Public Safety Psychology

29 W. Susquehanna Avenue, Suite 704 Towson, MD 21204 (800)962-5763 / (410)823-0555 www.AtlanticOccupsych.com Presentation to Medical Staff – Concentra Medical Centers on December 4, 2013

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Disclosure

The presenter has no financial interest in any psychological tests mentioned in the presentation.

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Objectives

 Overview of Psychological Assessment

Standards

 Case Studies to demonstrate the

integration of psychological testing data and history of candidate.

 Assessment Issues of Combat Veterans:

Current Police Officer/Citizen Soldiers and Applicants with no prior public safety employment.

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Domains of Police Psychology

  • Assessment
  • Intervention
  • Operational
  • Consultation
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Standards for Evaluator Qualification

 Doctoral level education and licensed to practice

Psychology.

 Training in psychometrics and continuing

education through professional police psychology

  • rganizations.

 Professional membership and regular

attendance at one or more of the following

  • rganizations: Police Psychological Services Section of the

International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), Police and Public Safety Psychology (Division 18) of the American Psychological Association (APA), Council of Police Psychological Services, and/or Society for Police and Criminal Psychology.

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Background to Current Practice Standards

 1967 Presidential Commission on Law Enforcement and

Administration of Justice.

 Bonsignore v. City of New York (1982).  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (1995). ADA

Enforcement Guidance: Preemployment Disability-Related Questions and Medical Examinations. EEOC NOTICE Number 915.002 Date 10/10/95.

 International Association of Chiefs of Police. (2009). Pre-

employment Psychological Evaluations. Arlington, VA: International Association of Chiefs of Police.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6kgS_AwuH0

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Essential Job Functions

 Problem-Analysis/Problem Solving  Judgment and Reasoning  Decision-Making Ability  Planning and Organization  Interpersonal Skill  Oral Communication  Teamwork Orientation  Self-Motivation  Composure  Conflict Resolution  Honesty and Integrity  Written Communication  Reading Comprehension  Basic Arithmetic  Public Relations Skill

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Essential Job Functions

Behavorial Descriptors

Dimension/Attributes Meaning…

 Social Competence

Happy with progress in life, does well in social settings, others describe applicant favorably.

 Teamwork

Success in team settings of work and school.

 Dependability

Unlikely to have job attendance problems, will complete tasks as assigned.

 Adaptability

Adjusts to different work assignments, schedules and supervision

 Impulse Control

Complies to rules, not reckless, thinks before acting, DV Screening

 Integrity

Truthful statements, honest in interactions

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Essential Job Functions (continued)

Behavioral Descriptors

 Stress Coping

Healthy lifestyle behaviors, does not over-react, resilient

 Judgment

Good decision making skills.

 Assertiveness

Appropriate responses to citizens and personal relationships.

 Risk Taking – Substance Use

Low addictions potential, will use verbal skills before physical intervention as appropriate.

 Global Psychopathology

No signs of psychological impairments.

 Work Behaviors

Consistent, high achiever.

 Training Success

Prior academic achievement, consistent and successful prior work patterns.

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ACOEM Guidance for the Medical Evaluation of Law Enforcement Officers

 3.5 – PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE  3.5.1 – Pursue, apprehend, and restrain individuals.  3.5.2 – Rescue an individual and/or remove them from a

hazardous environment.

 3.5.3 – Identify hazards, persons, and evidence.  3.5.3.1 – Vision (e.g., house numbers, license plates, vehicle

descriptions, suspect/victim descriptions, body language, potential weapons, weapon use).

 3.5.3.2 – Hearing (e.g., conversation, radio communications,

alarms, requests for assistance).

 3.5.3.3 – Smell (e.g., hazardous materials, contraband, alcohol

  • n the breath).

 3.5.3.4 – Touch (e.g., concealed weapons, heat, moisture).  3.5.3.5 – Read, write, and speak clearly.

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Medication Standards – Incumbent Officers

To provide guidance concerning the effect of medications (at recommended therapeutic dosages), the following medication categories are offered based on the potential effects on the LEO’s ability to safely perform job functions or the risk of sudden incapacitation:

A (Acceptable) — These medications are unlikely to adversely impact performance

  • f job functions. Therefore, they are generally acceptable for use while on duty.

T (Temporary) — These medications may have an effect at the beginning of

  • treatment. Medical evaluation should consider provision of appropriate restrictions on

a temporary basis at the beginning of treatment until it can be ascertained that the effects of the medication are unlikely to cause sudden incapacitation

S (Shift) — These medications are known to have effects of short duration that may adversely impact performance of job functions. These medications may be taken while the LEO is off duty with adequate time before returning to duty for the resolution of any effects that would adversely affect performance.

R (Restricted) — These medications are known to have an effect that will very likely adversely impact safety or performance of job functions. Medical evaluation should consider provision of appropriate restrictions for LEOs taking or affected by these medications.

D (Diagnosis) — The diagnosis for which the medication is prescribed, rather than the medication itself, may require evaluation for medical restriction.

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Psychological Measures

 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality

Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2- RF)

 Inwald Personality Inventory  California Psychological Inventory  Personality Assessment Inventory  Psychological Semi-structured interview

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Ratings of Stability and Suitability

 The candidate can either MEET or NOT MEET the

requirements of safely and effectively perform essential job functions.

 The final ratings of psychological stability and suitability

may be augmented by the psychologist-evaluator’s rating within the category of “recommended”. An agency may have a reasonable business necessity to identify those candidates exceeding standards. Ratings of EXCEEDS and MEETS may be identified by the psychologist. Alternative ratings include “recommended,” “marginally recommended,” and “not recommended.”

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Not Recommended - Behavioral

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Not Recommended - Behavioral

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Not Recommended - Behavioral

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Not Recommended - Emotional

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Recommended

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Recommended

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Correctional Officer Not Recommended

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Combat Veterans/Citizen Soldiers

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National Guard Data

 Over 487,000 soldier deployments of

members of the National Guard have been deployed in support of combat

  • perations in Iraq and Afghanistan

 4,599 Law Enforcement*  > 80% of ARNG joined after 9/11  11% of casualties have been National

Guard

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Department of Veterans Affairs

04Nov2013

 2.5 million Troops have served since 9/11  1.6 million new veterans since 9/11  286,000 Treated for PTSD at VA since 9/11  440,000 high-end estimate of how many

veterans exhibit signs of PTS.

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Physical and Psychological Impact

 13 to 22 percent of all casualties between

2002 and 2010 have suffered eye injuries

  • r trauma

 Of 32,233 wounded in Iraq, 20% serious

brain or spinal injuries

 CY 2012 through July 30 – 200+ suicides

  • f active duty personnel (38 during July,

2012)

 17%-19% of OIF soldiers met screening

criteria for depression, anxiety, or PTSD

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Armed Forces Health Surveillance Data (through April 2012)

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PDHRA

 Between May 2011 and April 2012 on post-

deployment assessments (N=greater than 50,000) about 90 days after deployment

  • 1. 42.9% were referred for medical follow-up
  • 2. 21.6% referred for mental health follow-up
  • 3. 31.4% reported health worse than before

deployed

  • 4. Alcohol misuse: combat exposure related

to abuse

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Longitudinal RINGS study

 Negative emotionality and combat exposure

were predictive of both chronic and vulnerable-risk trajectories.

 Chronic trajectory associated with high level

  • f depression at pre-deployment and higher

pre-deployment levels of concerns about life/family disruptions.

 Vulnerable-risk trajectory associated with low

levels of preparedness, high levels of perceived threat, post-deployment stressors and lower levels of post-deployment support.

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Current Retrospective Study

 Current police officers for LE Agency N = 0  Police officers with prior deployment applying to

Agency

 Applicants with no prior LE but with prior

deployment

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Demographics

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Combat Exposure Rating

 None  Light (Examples: under enemy fire less than once

monthly, fewer than 25% of unit killed or wounded)

 Moderate to Heavy (Examples: 3 to 50+

times firing at enemy, 3 to 50+ times in danger of injury or killed, 26% to more than 76% of unit killed

  • r wounded)
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Psychological Tests

 MMPI-2 (A)  MMPI-2-RF (B)  IPI (C)  16PF (D)

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Hypothesis 1

 CES Rating

correlated with an increase in psychological testing results.

A B C D

Combat Exposure Scale Scores MMPI-2 (A) MMPI-2-RF (B) IPI (C) 16PF (D)

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Table 1. Combat Exposure and Psychological Tests

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Table 2: Combat Exposure and MMPI-2 PSY-5 Scales

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Hypothesis 2

 No differences

between current police officer- applicants and applicants in non- police officer positions at time

  • f evaluation

A B C D

Current Police Officer Scale Scores MMPI-2 (A) MMPI-2-RF (B) IPI (C) 16PF (D)

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Table 3: Differences Between Current LEO at Time of Assessment versus No Prior Police Employment

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Current Reintegration Programs

 IACP Resources  The Police Chief (Gupton, H., Curran, S.F. et al. August 2011)  Yellow Ribbon Reintegration Program  The Center for Deployment Psychology (CDP)

trains military and civilian behavioral health professionals to provide high-quality deployment-related behavioral health services to military personnel and their families.