PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query Editors: Authors: Graham - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query Editors: Authors: Graham - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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An Overview on PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query Editors: Authors: Graham Klyne Luc Moreau Paul Groth Olaf Hartig Yogesh Simmhan James Myers Timothy Lebo Khalid Belhajjame Simon Miles Presentation at the Dagstuhl Seminar on

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SLIDE 1

An Overview on

PROV-AQ: Provenance Access and Query

Editors: Authors: Graham Klyne Luc Moreau Paul Groth Olaf Hartig Yogesh Simmhan James Myers Timothy Lebo Khalid Belhajjame Simon Miles

Presentation at the Dagstuhl Seminar on Principles of Provenance February 29, 2012

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 2

Purpose

 Describes how to

 locate,  retrieve, and  query

provenance information

 Guiding principle:

 Do not reinvent the wheel  Use standard Web protocols

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 3

Main Contributions

 Simple mechanisms for

discovery and retrieval

 More advanced

 discovery service and  query mechanisms

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SLIDE 4

An Overview on PROV-AQ 4

Outline

Key Concepts Simple Mechanisms Provenance Services Querying Provenance Information Open Issues

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 5

Key Concepts

 Resource*  Entity  Provenance information  Provenance URI  Entity URI

*Architecture of the World Wide Web, Volume One, W3C Rec.

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 6

Questions to be Addressed

 What is the provenance URI for provenance

information about a particular entity?

 What is the relevant entity URI used in some

provenance information?

 What if there is no provenance URI?  What if there is no entity URI?  Out of scope:

 Representation of provenance information  Management of provenance information

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SLIDE 7

An Overview on PROV-AQ 7

Outline

Key Concepts Simple Mechanisms Provenance Services Querying Provenance Information Open Issues

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SLIDE 8

An Overview on PROV-AQ 8

Entity URI and Provenance URI ...

… for resources accessed by HTTP

 Link header field* in the HTTP response

*defined in RFC 5988

HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X" Content-Length: 18556 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" /> <!-- page-specific style definitions --> <style type="text/css"> GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Accept: text/html

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 9

Entity URI and Provenance URI ...

… for resources accessed by HTTP

 Link header field* in the HTTP response

*defined in RFC 5988

HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X" Content-Length: 18556 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" /> <!-- page-specific style definitions --> <style type="text/css">

Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X"

GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Accept: text/html

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 10

Entity URI and Provenance URI ...

… for resources accessed by HTTP

 Link header field* in the HTTP response

*defined in RFC 5988

HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html Date: Fri, 24 Feb 2012 12:58:02 GMT Expires: Fri, 02 Mar 2012 12:57:52 GMT Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X" Content-Length: 18556 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" /> <!-- page-specific style definitions --> <style type="text/css">

Link: http://example.org/prov/aboutX; rel="provenance"; anchor="http://example.org/X"

Entity URI (optional)

GET //example.org/X HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Accept: text/html

Provenance URI

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 11

Embedding Provenance Links ...

… in representations of resources.

 Proposal for particular representation formats:

 HTML  RDF based (e.g. RDF/XML, Turtle, RDFa)

 Common mechanism for arbitrary

representations is out of scope

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 12

Outline

Key Concepts Simple Mechanisms Provenance Services Querying Provenance Information Open Issues

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 13

Functionality

 Provenance retrieval service

 Input: entity URI  Output: provenance information

 Provenance discovery service

 Input: entity URI  Output: provenance URI(s)

 Provided via a REST API

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SLIDE 14

An Overview on PROV-AQ 14

Service Discovery

 Simple mechanism

 … for resources accessed by HTTP:

 However, a general approach is out of scope

Link: Service-URI; rel="provenance-service"; anchor="Entity-URI"

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 15

Resources in the REST API

  • 1. Service description resource

 Accessible by dereferencing the Service-URI  How to construct URIs for other two resource types

  • 2. Provenance information resource

 Provides provenance information  Represented in any format (e.g. RDF based, XML)

  • 3. Provenance locations resource
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An Overview on PROV-AQ 16

Provenance Locations Resource

 Enumerates provenance URIs for

a particular entity

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 17

Provenance Locations Resource

{ "uri": "http://example.org/X", "provenance": [ "http://prov.example.org/aboutX", "http://example.com/prov?id=X" ] }

 Enumerates provenance URIs for

a particular entity

 Example representation in JSON format

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 18

Provenance Locations Resource

{ "uri": "http://example.org/X", "provenance": [ "http://prov.example.org/aboutX", "http://example.com/prov?id=X" ] } @prefix prov: <@@TBD@@#> . <http://example.org/X> a prov:Entity ; prov:hasProvenance <http://prov.example.org/aboutX> ; prov:hasProvenance <http://example.com/prov?id=X> .

 Enumerates provenance URIs for

a particular entity

 Example representation in JSON format  Example representation in Turtle (i.e.RDF data)

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 19

Using the API ...

 Required: Entity-URI and Service-URI

  • 1. Obtain service description

(by dereferencing Service-URI)

  • 2. Extract URI template for locations resources
  • 3. Form Provenance-Locations-URI

(by instantiating the template with Entity-URI)

  • 4. Obtain provenance locations resource

(by dereferencing Provenance-Locations-URI)

  • 5. Extract relevant Provenance-URIs

… to retrieve provenance URI(s)

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SLIDE 20

An Overview on PROV-AQ 20

Outline

Key Concepts Simple Mechanisms Provenance Services Querying Provenance Information Open Issues

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 21

Provenance Query Services

 Alternative for cases where aforementioned

mechanisms are insufficient

 PROV-AQ recommends SPARQL

 Query language for RDF data  Protocol for SPARQL query processing services

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 22

Example Queries

 Use case: unknown entity URI  Use case: ask for a particular piece of

provenance information only

SELECT ?provenance_uri WHERE { ?entity prism:doi "1234.5678" ; prov:hasProvenance ?provenance_uri . } SELECT ?start_time WHERE { <http://example.org/X> prov:wasGeneratedBy ?act . ?act prov:startedAt ?start . ?start prov:inXSDDateTime ?start_time . }

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 23

Outline

Key Concepts Simple Mechanisms Provenance Services Querying Provenance Information Open Issues

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 24

Main Open Issues

 Entities disjoint from Activities in PROV-DM  Remove service descriptions (i.e. prescribe a

particular template)?

 Simplifies the process of using provenance services

 Embedding provenance information directly

 Best practice recommendation for HTML: RDFa  General approach is out of scope

{ "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/", "provenance_locations_template": "http://ps.example.org/loc?uri={uri}" }

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 25

Summary

 Main contributions:

 Simple mechanisms for retrieving and

discovering provenance information

 More advanced discovery service and

query mechanisms

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 26

These slides have been created by Olaf Hartig

http://olafhartig.de

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 License

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 27

Backup Slides

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 28

Resources Represented as HTML

 <link> elements in the <head> section

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="provenance" href="http://example.org/prov/aboutX" /> <link rel="anchor" href="http://example.org/X" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" /> <title>Welcome</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to this Web page</h1> <p>

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 29

Provenance Service URI ...

… for resources accessed by HTTP

Link: Service-URI; rel="provenance-service"; anchor="Entity-URI"

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 30

Resources Represented as HTML

 <link> elements in the <head> section

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="provenance" href="http://example.org/provOfX" /> <link rel="anchor" href="http://example.org/X" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="main.css" /> <title>Welcome</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to this Web page</h1> <p>

Indicating a provenance service:

<link rel="provenance-service" href="Service-URI" />

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 31

Service Description

 Provides templates for URIs of

 provenance locations resources and/or  provenance information resources

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 32

Service Description

 Provides templates for URIs of

 provenance locations resources and/or  provenance information resources

 Example description represented in JSON

{ "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/", "provenance_locations_template": "http://ps.example.org/loc?uri={uri}", "provenance_content_template": "http://example.org/PS/prov?uri={uri}" }

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 33

Service Description

 Provides templates for URIs of

 provenance locations resources and/or  provenance information resources

 Example description represented in JSON

 Provenance locations resource for

http://example.org has URI: { "provenance_service_uri": "http://example.org/PS/", "provenance_locations_template": "http://ps.example.org/loc?uri={uri}", "provenance_content_template": "http://example.org/PS/prov?uri={uri}" } http://ps.example.org/loc?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.org

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An Overview on PROV-AQ 34

Using the API ...

 Required: Entity-URI and Service-URI

  • 1. Obtain service description

(by dereferencing Service-URI)

  • 2. Extract URI template for information resources
  • 3. Form Provenance-URI

(by instantiating the template with Entity-URI)

  • 4. Obtain provenance information resource

(by dereferencing Provenance-URI)

  • 5. Extract relevant provenance information

… to retrieve provenance information