PROFILE: MANILA, THE PHILIPPINES Former er Spanish ish and US colony Locati tion: on: SE Asia 7,107 islands nds Philippi ppine nes s populat ation: on: 103 million on Ur Urban an populat ation: on: 49% Rate e of urbani nizat ation ion: 2.3% % annual ally Manila a populati ulation: on: 11. 1.5 millio ion
PHYSICAL HAZARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES & METRO MANILA Earthq hquak akes es Floods ds Cyclon onic ic Storms ms Tsunami namis Landsl slides ides Drough ghts ts Forest st Fires Volcan canoes es Epidemi emics cs
VIDEO: TYPHOON ONDOY http tp:/ ://www www.y .yout utube be.c .com om/wat atch?v h?v=DJ_ps J_psz7d5 d58U 8U
TYPHOONS
RISK: DEVELOPMENT AND LAND USE Ur Urba baniz nization ation Infor ormal mal set ettlem tlements ents in flo lood od risk k areas Coastal astal real al esta tate e develop elopment ment
RISK: INFRASTRUCTURE No No sewage age system em Drai aina nage ge ma maintenance enance
RISK: POPULATION
RISK: ECONOMIC STRUCTURES Cap apitalism italism Sta tate e spending ending cu cuts ts
RISK: POVERTY Chronic onic disas aster ers Lac ack k of polit litical ical represe resenta ntation tion Weak ak social cial netw etwor orks ks
VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RISKS Ad Adverse se affect ect on all sector ors Increase rease in number ber of extreme reme weathe ther event nts Risin ing sea levels Increa easing sing vulne nerability ability
GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO ONDOY TIMELINE Violence mars Philippine elections and hurts Disaster Risk implementation of Gov. Needs Reduction and Ondoy hits Gov Needs Top-down Assessment Management Assessment Sept 26, recovery plan published Act June 4, recommendations 2009 developed Nov Nov 26, Pepeng hits 2010 May 2010 2009 Oct 3-9 Martial law declared Next cycle Formation and State of Secondary Dec 4 of Typhoons implementation Calamity effects and begins with of Hazard and Damages and declared Oct 2 social stressors Conson July vulnerability needs are worsen 14 plans estimated and conditions Nov continues… assessed Oct
TIPPING POINTS FOR AND BARRIERS TO CHANGE AND GOVERNMENT RESPONSE Quant ntif ifica icati tion on Reconstruction onstruction Foci Rural Production Flood Management Housing Disaster Risk Reduction Local governance Long-term erm Monit itor orin ing Prioriti tizat ation ion of Ac Acti tion on
FRAMEWORK FOR OPPORTUNITY/CHANGE (Pelling 2011) Un realized Community based Resilience Governmental adaptations to Typhoon Ondoy 2009
WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY FOR LEARNING RECO COGNI GNISI SING G REA EACH CHABL ABLE E TRANSITI ANSITIONS ONS Workin ing g with h Infor orma mal set ettl tlemen ements ts Provision of services Movem emen ent t beyon ond re reconstruct nstructio ion A A more holistic stic discour course se on vulnerab erability ility Social al and commun munit ity base sed d resilie ience nce
WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY FOR LEARNING COMMUN UNITY BASED ED RESIL SILIENCE ENCE Commu mmuni nity ty level el actio ion n suppor orted ed by wider engagement gement with urban n politi tical cal and instit itut utio ional struct ctures. es. Buildin ding g up local al social ial capita tal. Shift t away from an overrelian eliance ce on central tral governmen ernment. t. Power of vulnerable erable commu mmuni niti ties es to develop elop strat ategies egies and action ions s to imp mprove e their resilie ience. nce.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS What t is the role of the governme ment nt in developing ping commun unity ity-base ased d resilience ience? ? How are learning ning opportu tuniti nities limit ited d or enhanc anced d by t the Philippine’s (post)colonial context? What t are the issues ues of having ing intern rnatio ationa nal aid d be t the main in driver er of disast aster resilie ience? nce?
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REFERENCES Pe Pelling ling, , M. (2003). . The Vulner nerabi bilit lity of Cit ities. ies. London, on, UK: : Earths hscan an Public icati tions ons Ltd. . Pe Pelling ling, , M.; Dill, ll, K. (2010). . Disaster er polit itic ics: : tipping ing points ts for chang nge e in the adaptat ation ion of sociop iopoli olitic ical l regime imes. . Pro rogress ress in Human Geogra raphy 34(1) (2010) pp. 21 – 37. Pe Pelling ling, , M. (2011). . Adaptation ion to Clim imate e Change: nge: fro rom resilie ilience e to o transf nsformat ormation. ion. NewYork ork, , NY :Routledge ledge Po Porio io, , E. (2011). . Vulne nerab rabilit ility, , adaptat ation, ion, and resilience lience to to floods ods and clima imate e change ge-relat related ed risks among ng marginal, inal, riverine verine communities nities in Metro o Manila. ila. Asia ian n Journal nal of Socia ial l Science, e, 39 (4), , 425-445. Typho hoons ons Ondoy and Pe Pepen eng: : Po Post-Dis isas aster er Needs ds Assessmen ent. t. (2009) Govern ernmen ent t of the Republic lic of the Philipp lippines ines, , Asian an Develop elopmen ent t Bank, , European an Commis ission ion, , Unit ited ed Nation ions, , AusAID ID, , CIDA, , GTZ, , JICA, , Royal l Netherland herlands Governm vernment, nt, and USAID AID. Unit ited ed Nations ions. . (2010). . Synthesis esis Repor ort t on Ten ASEAN Count ntries ies Disa saster er Risks ks Assess essment ent: : ASEAN Disa saster er Risk k Manag nagem ement nt Init itia iati tive. . Ret etrie rieved ed fro rom http tp://w ://www.un .unis isdr.org .org/w /we/i e/inform orm/p /publ blic ications/1 ions/18872 Zoleta eta-Nant antes, , D. (2003). . Differen erential ial impac acts ts of flood d hazards ds among ng the street et childr ldren en, , the urban n poor and residen ents ts of wealth thy neighborh ghborhoods oods in Metro Manila, ila, Philipp lippin ines es. . Mit itiga igation ion and Adaptati tion n St Stra rateg egies ies fo for Globa bal l Change, nge, 7(3), , 239-266.
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