PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN: Collaborating for Safety and Health in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN: Collaborating for Safety and Health in Ohio 20 2017 OHIO CONS OHIO CONSTR TRUCTION CONFERENCE UCTION CONFERENCE Columbus, OH March 15, 2017 T. Michael Toole , PhD, PE Professor, Civil and Env. Engineering, Bucknell University Based on past presentations with John Gambatese, PhD, PE Professor, Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University 1

The Builders Exchange of Central Ohio is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems and the Green Building Construction Institute. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to these organizations. Certificates of Completion for non members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

COURSE DESCRIPTION The presentation will summarize the PtD concept and the ethical and sustainability-related reasons for PtD, provide common examples, and summarize tools and processes that enable PtD. The presentation will conclude with suggestions for how to move forward with implementing PtD in your organization and within the Ohio Builders Exchange.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Par Participants will be icipants will be able t able to:  Define Prevention through Design (PtD)  Identify common examples of PtD  Describe tools and processes that enable PtD  Summarize steps in implementing PtD in an organization.

OVERVIEW Prevention through Design  PtD Concept PtD Concept = Design for Safety  Mo Motiv tivation tion = Safety by Design  Exam Examples ples Processes  Leaders Leaders Tools and equipment Products  Tools and ools and Pr Processes ocesses  Mo Moving f ving forwar ard in d in the OBX the OBX and y and your organization ur organization Work methods Work premises and organization and facilities of work

IMPORTANT MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS UNDERLYING PTD  Sustainability Sustainability  Collaboration / Int Collaboration / Integrat grated Design and ed Design and Construction Construction  Managing Change Managing Change 6

PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN (PTD) “Addressing occupational safety and health needs in the design process to prevent or minimize the work- related hazards and risks associated with the construction, manufacture, use, maintenance, and disposal of facilities, materials, and equipment.” (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/)

PTD IN CONSTRUCTION IS…  Explicitly considering construction safety in the design of a project.  Being conscious of and valuing the safety of construction workers when performing design tasks.  Making design decisions based in part on a design element's inherent safety risk to construction workers. “Safety Constructability”

WHY PTD? ANNUAL CONSTRUCTION ACCIDENTS IN U.S.  Nearly 200,000 serious injuries Nearly 200,000 serious injuries  1,000+ deaths ,000+ deaths

WHY PTD? DESIGN-SAFETY LINKS  22% 22% of 226 injuries that occurred from 2000- 2002 in Oregon, WA, and CA 1  42% 42% of 224 fatalities in US between 1990- 2003 1  60% 60% of fatal accidents resulted in part from decisions made before site work began 2  63% 63% of all fatalities and injuries could be attributed to design decisions or lack of planning 3 1 Behm, M., “Linking Construction Fatalities to the Design for Construction Safety Concept” (2005) 2 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions 3 NSW WorkCover, CHAIR Safety in Design Tool , 2001

WHY PTD? PROFESSIONAL ETHICS  National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics:  Engineer Engineers shall hold paramount the saf s shall hold paramount the safety ty, , health, and w health, and welf elfare of the public. are of the public.  American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Code of Ethics:  Engineer Engineers shall recognize that the liv s shall recognize that the lives, es, saf safety ty, health and , health and welf lfare of the general are of the general public are dependent upon engineering public are dependent upon engineering decisions …. decisions ….

WHY PTD? SUSTAINABILITY

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PTD’S TIE TO SUSTAINABILITY  Def Definition of Sustainable inition of Sustainable De Development in elopment in Brundtland Commission Brundtland Commission Re Report ( (1987)  Focus on people as much cus on people as much as on the as on the en envir vironment nment  Mee Meet the needs of the needs of people who can’t speak people who can’t speak fo for t themselves 14

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES  “ Commitment b Commitment by business t y business to beha o behave e ethically thically and contribut and contribute t to economic de economic development; elopment;  “Im “Improve q quality of lif ality of life of the local community of the local community and socie and society ty at large.” at large.”  “Im “Improve q quality of lif ality of life of the w e of the workf kforce and e and their f their families; amilies; Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development 15

PTD AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY/EQUITY  Do no Do not our duties include minimizing all risks t our duties include minimizing all risks that w that we ha e have contr control o ol over? er?  Do no Do not w t we ha have the same duties f the same duties for or construction, maintenance, line w construction, maint enance, line worker ers as s as for r the “public”? the “public”?  Is it e Is it ethical t hical to creat create designs that are no e designs that are not as t as saf safe as the e as they could (practically) be? y could (practically) be?

CSR: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT  Supplier social eq Supplier social equity uity  Anti-Sw Anti-Sweatshop mo atshop movement ement  Fa Fair T Trade  Bangladesh f Bangladesh fact ctor ory collapse y collapse 17

SUSTAINABILITY IS NOT JUST BEING GREEN 18

DESIGN HAS MAJOR LEVERAGE  The Right thing t The Right thing to do and… o do and…  The Smar The Smart t thing t thing to do o do 19

SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLE: LIFE CYCLE THINKING  Need t Need to mak make decisions no e decisions not just based on t just based on initial crit initial criteria, but eria, but crit criteria o eria over the entire lif er the entire life cy cycle of the pr cle of the product or f oduct or facility cility  We kno know that initial design and construction w that initial design and construction costs are only ~20% of building lif costs are only ~20% of building life cy cycle costs, cle costs, so energy so energy-sa -saving design deliv ing design delivers R s ROI. OI.  Similarly Similarly, w , we need t e need to design f o design for construction or construction and maint and maintenance saf enance safety ty, no , not just occupant t just occupant saf safety ty. 20

WHY PTD? BANG FOR THE BUCK  Ability to influence safety is greatest early in the project schedule during planning and design (Szymberski, 1997)

HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS PtD Elimination Higher Eliminate the hazard during design Reliability of Control Substitution Substitute a less-hazardous material or form during design Engineering Controls “Design-in” engineering controls, Incorporate warning systems Administrative Controls Well-designed work methods & organization PPE Lower Available, effective, easy to use

WHY PTD? TANGIBLE BENEFITS  Reduced site hazards  Fewe wer wo worker i injuries a and fa fatalities  Reduced workers’ compensation premiums  Increased productivity and quality  Fewer delays due to accidents  Encourages designer-constructor collaboration  Improved operations/maint. safety

OVERVIEW  PtD Concept  Motivation  Exam Examples ples Processes Tools and  Leaders equipment Products  Tools and Processes  Moving forward in the OBX Work methods Work premises and your organization and organization and facilities of work

EXAMPLE OF THE NEED FOR PTD  Design spec: Dig groundwater monitoring wells at various  locations. Wells located directly under overhead power  lines.  Accident: Worker electrocuted when his drill rig got too  close to overhead power lines.  Engineer could have: specified wells be dug away from power lines;  and/or better informed the contractor of hazard  posed by wells’ proximity to powerlines through the plans, specifications, and bid documents.

PTD EXAMPLE: ANCHORAGE POINTS

PTD EXAMPLE: ROOFS AND PERIMETERS Parapet w alls Skylights Upper story w indow s

PTD EXAMPLE: PREFABRICATION Concrete W all Panels Concrete Steel Segm ented Stairs Bridge

PTD EXAMPLE: STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN Detailing Guide for the Enhancement of Erection Safety Published by the National Institute for Steel Detailing and the Steel Erectors Association of America