PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN: Collaborating for Safety and Health in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN:

Collaborating for Safety and Health in Ohio

20 2017 OHIO CONS OHIO CONSTR TRUCTION CONFERENCE UCTION CONFERENCE Columbus, OH March 15, 2017

• T. Michael Toole, PhD, PE

Professor, Civil and Env. Engineering, Bucknell University

Based on past presentations with

John Gambatese, PhD, PE

Professor, Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University

The Builders Exchange of Central Ohio is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems and the Green Building Construction Institute. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to these organizations. Certificates of Completion for non members are available

• n request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The presentation will summarize the PtD concept and the ethical and sustainability-related reasons for PtD, provide common examples, and summarize tools and processes that enable PtD. The presentation will conclude with suggestions for how to move forward with implementing PtD in your organization and within the Ohio Builders Exchange.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Par Participants will be icipants will be able t able to:

 Define Prevention through Design (PtD)  Identify common examples of PtD  Describe tools and processes that enable PtD  Summarize steps in implementing PtD in an

• rganization.

OVERVIEW

 PtD Concept

PtD Concept

 Mo

Motiv tivation tion

 Exam

Examples ples

 Leaders

Leaders

 Tools and

• ols and Pr

Processes

• cesses

 Mo

Moving f ving forwar ard in d in the OBX the OBX and y and your organization ur organization

Work premises and facilities Tools and equipment Processes Products Work methods and organization

• f work

Prevention through Design = Design for Safety = Safety by Design

IMPORTANT MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS UNDERLYING PTD

 Sustainability

Sustainability

 Collaboration / Int

Collaboration / Integrat grated Design and ed Design and Construction Construction

 Managing Change

Managing Change

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PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN (PTD)

“Addressing occupational safety and health needs in the design process to prevent or minimize the work- related hazards and risks associated with the construction, manufacture, use, maintenance, and disposal of facilities, materials, and equipment.”

(http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/)

PTD IN CONSTRUCTION IS…

 Explicitly considering construction safety

in the design of a project.

 Being conscious of and valuing the safety

• f construction workers when performing

design tasks.

 Making design decisions based in part on

a design element's inherent safety risk to construction workers.

“Safety Constructability”

WHY PTD? ANNUAL CONSTRUCTION ACCIDENTS IN U.S.

 Nearly 200,000 serious injuries

Nearly 200,000 serious injuries

 1,000+ deaths

,000+ deaths

WHY PTD? DESIGN-SAFETY LINKS

 22%

22% of 226 injuries that occurred from 2000- 2002 in Oregon, WA, and CA1

 42%

42% of 224 fatalities in US between 1990- 20031

 60%

60% of fatal accidents resulted in part from decisions made before site work began2

 63%

63% of all fatalities and injuries could be attributed to design decisions or lack of planning3

1 Behm, M., “Linking Construction Fatalities to the Design for Construction Safety Concept” (2005) 2 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions 3 NSW WorkCover, CHAIR Safety in Design Tool, 2001

WHY PTD? PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

 National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE)

Code of Ethics:

• Engineer

Engineers shall hold paramount the saf s shall hold paramount the safety ty, , health, and w health, and welf elfare of the public. are of the public.

 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Code of

Ethics:

• Engineer

Engineers shall recognize that the liv s shall recognize that the lives, es, saf safety ty, health and , health and welf lfare of the general are of the general public are dependent upon engineering public are dependent upon engineering decisions …. decisions ….

WHY PTD? SUSTAINABILITY

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PTD’S TIE TO SUSTAINABILITY

 Def

Definition of Sustainable inition of Sustainable De Development in elopment in Brundtland Commission Brundtland Commission Re Report ( (1987)

 Focus on people as much

cus on people as much as on the as on the en envir vironment nment

• Mee

Meet the needs of the needs of people who can’t speak people who can’t speak fo for t themselves

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES

 “Commitment b

Commitment by business t y business to beha

• behave e

ethically thically and and contribut contribute t to economic de economic development; elopment;

 “Im

“Improve q quality of lif ality of life of the local community

• f the local community

and socie and society ty at large.” at large.”

 “Im

“Improve q quality of lif ality of life of the w e of the workf kforce and e and their f their families; amilies;

Source: World Business Council for Sustainable Development

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PTD AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY/EQUITY

 Do no

Do not our duties include minimizing all risks t our duties include minimizing all risks that w that we ha e have contr control o

• l over?

er?

 Do no

Do not w t we ha have the same duties f the same duties for

• r

construction, maint construction, maintenance, line w enance, line worker ers as s as for r the “public”? the “public”?

 Is it e

Is it ethical t hical to creat create designs that are no e designs that are not as t as saf safe as the e as they could (practically) be? y could (practically) be?

CSR: SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

 Supplier social eq

Supplier social equity uity

• Anti-Sw

Anti-Sweatshop mo atshop movement ement

• Fa

Fair T Trade

• Bangladesh f

Bangladesh fact ctor

• ry collapse

y collapse

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SUSTAINABILITY IS NOT JUST BEING GREEN

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DESIGN HAS MAJOR LEVERAGE

 The Right thing t

The Right thing to do and…

• do and…

 The Smar

The Smart t thing t thing to do

• do

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SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLE: LIFE CYCLE THINKING

 Need t

Need to mak make decisions no e decisions not just based on t just based on initial crit initial criteria, but eria, but crit criteria o eria over the entire lif er the entire life cy cycle of the pr cle of the product or f

• duct or facility

cility

 We kno

know that initial design and construction w that initial design and construction costs are only ~20% of building lif costs are only ~20% of building life cy cycle costs, cle costs, so energy so energy-sa

• saving design deliv

ing design delivers R s ROI. OI.

 Similarly

Similarly, w , we need t e need to design f

• design for construction
• r construction

and maint and maintenance saf enance safety ty, no , not just occupant t just occupant saf safety ty.

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WHY PTD? BANG FOR THE BUCK

 Ability to influence safety is greatest early in the project

schedule during planning and design (Szymberski, 1997)

HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

Reliability of Control

Elimination

Eliminate the hazard during design

Substitution

Substitute a less-hazardous material or form during design

Engineering Controls

“Design-in” engineering controls, Incorporate warning systems

Administrative Controls

Well-designed work methods & organization

PPE

Available, effective, easy to use

PtD

Lower Higher

WHY PTD? TANGIBLE BENEFITS

 Reduced site hazards

• Fewe

wer wo worker i injuries a and fa fatalities

 Reduced workers’ compensation

premiums

 Increased productivity and quality  Fewer delays due to accidents  Encourages designer-constructor

collaboration

 Improved operations/maint. safety

OVERVIEW

 PtD Concept  Motivation

Exam

Examples ples

 Leaders  Tools and Processes  Moving forward in the OBX

and your organization

Work premises and facilities Tools and equipment Processes Products Work methods and organization

• f work

EXAMPLE OF THE NEED FOR PTD

 Design spec:

• Dig groundwater monitoring wells at various

locations.

• Wells located directly under overhead power

lines.

 Accident:

• Worker electrocuted when his drill rig got too

close to overhead power lines.

 Engineer could have:

• specified wells be dug away from power lines;

and/or

• better informed the contractor of hazard

posed by wells’ proximity to powerlines through the plans, specifications, and bid documents.

PTD EXAMPLE: ANCHORAGE POINTS

PTD EXAMPLE: ROOFS AND PERIMETERS

Skylights Upper story w indow s Parapet w alls

PTD EXAMPLE: PREFABRICATION

Steel Stairs Concrete W all Panels Concrete Segm ented Bridge

Detailing Guide for the Enhancement of Erection Safety Published by the National Institute for Steel Detailing and the Steel Erectors Association of America

PTD EXAMPLE: STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN

The Erector Friendly Column

 Include holes in columns at

21” and 42” for guardrail cables and at higher locations for fall protection tie-offs

 Locate column splices and

connections at reasonable heights above floor

Photo: AISC educator ppt

 Provide enough

space for making connections

 Know

approximate dimensions of necessary tools to make connections

Photo: AISC educator ppt

OVERVIEW

 PtD Concept  Motivation  Examples

Leader

Leaders

 Tools and Processes  Moving forward in the OBX

and your organization

Work premises and facilities Tools and equipment Processes Products Work methods and organization

• f work

DFCS IN PRACTICE: OWNERS

 Int

Intel

 Southern Co.

Southern Co.

 BHP Billit

BHP Billiton

 USA

USACE

INTEL’S PROBLEM: INTEL’S PROBLEM: ACCESS TO UTILITIES ACCESS TO UTILITIES

Original design: Trench below equipment

INTEL’S SOLUTION: NEW FULL BASEMENT

SOUTHERN CO.’S DESIGN CHECKLISTS

BHP BILLITON’S PTD INITIATIVES

 PtD staf

PtD staff embedded in pr f embedded in procurement and design

• curement and design

 PtD in t

PtD in technical specifications echnical specifications

 Required designer PtD training

ired designer PtD training

 Design re

Design revie views includes 3D models s includes 3D models

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USA USACE F CE FACILIT CILITY S Y SYSTEMS SAFET STEMS SAFETY

To incorporate systems safety engineering and management practices into a facility life cycle process used in the conceptual phase, planning stages, construction of facilities, and facility reduction (demolition).

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NATIONAL INITIATIVES AND ACTIVITIES

 NIOSH

• PtD National Initiative
• PtD Workshops: July 2007 and August 2011
• NORA Construction Sector Council CHPtD

Workgroup

 OSHA Construction Alliance Roundtable  ANSI/ASSE PtD Standard (Z590.3-2011)

OVERVIEW

 PtD Concept  Motivation  Examples  Leaders

Tools and Pr

• ols and Processes
• cesses

 Moving forward in the OBX

and your organization

Work premises and facilities Tools and equipment Processes Products Work methods and organization

• f work

PTD DESIGN REVIEW

 Hazard identification

• What construction safety hazards does the design

create?

 Risk assessment

• What is the level of safety and health risk

associated with each hazard?

 Design option identification and selection

• What can be done to eliminate or reduce the risk?
• Remember the hierarchy of controls……

PTD TOOL – DESIGN RISK ASSESSMENT

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www.constructionsliderule.org

PTD PROCESS Ge Get the right people t the right people talking about the right things talking about the right things at the right time! at the right time!

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www.seagrave.com/

PTD PROCESS

CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL

Begin Concept Design Commence Construction CHAIR-2 CHAIR-3 Project Phase CHAIR-1

Review of Concept Design Review of Detailed Design

Construction Hazard Assessment and Implication Review (CHAIR)

(Source: NSW WorkCover, CHAIR Safety in Design Tool, 2001)

DESIGN FOR CONSTRUCTION SAFETY TOOLBOX

 Created by

Construction Industry Institute (CII)

 Interactive computer

program

 Used in the design

phase to decrease the risk of incidents

 Over 400 design

suggestions

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PTD TOOLS – BIM AND VISUALIZATION

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PTD INFORMATION SOURCES

www.designforconstructionsafety.org

1700+ ITEM PTD CHECKLIST

Item Description 1.0 Structural Framing 1.1 Space slab and mat foundation top reinforcing steel at no more than 6 inches on center each way to provide a safe walking surface. 1.2 Design floor perimeter beams and beams above floor openings to support lanyards. 1.3 Design steel columns with holes at 21 and 42 inches above the floor level to support guardrail cables. 2.0 Accessibility 2.1 Provide adequate access to all valves and controls. 2.2 Orient equipment and controls so that they do not obstruct walkways and work areas. 2.3 Locate shutoff valves and switches in sight of the equipment which they control. 2.4 Provide adequate head room for access to equipment, electrical panels, and storage areas. 2.5 Design welded connections such that the weld locations can be safely accessed.

OVERVIEW

 PtD Concept  Motivation  Examples  Leaders  Tools and Processes

Mo

Moving f ving forwar ard in d in the OBX and y the OBX and your

• ur
• rganization
• rganization

Work premises and facilities Tools and equipment Processes Products Work methods and organization

• f work

THREE STEPS TOWARDS PTD

• 1. Establish a lifecycle safety culture
• 2. Establish enabling processes
• 3. Team with organizations who value lifecycle

safety

Culture Processes Partners

ESTABLISH A LIFECYCLE SAFETY CULTURE

 Instill the right safety values  Secure management commitment  Training  Confirm Life Cycle Costing criteria  Ensure recognition that designing for safety is

the smart thing to do and the right thing to do

1.

Professional Codes of Ethics

2.

Payoff data

ESTABLISH ENABLING PROCESSES

 Designer training and tools  Qualifications-based contracting  Negotiated or Cost-Plus contracting  Collaborative decision processes  IPD or enabled safety constructability input

INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY (IPD)

 IPD f

IPD facilitat acilitates collaboration of design and es collaboration of design and construction pr construction prof

• fessionals during design

essionals during design

• Co-located
• Processes and norms for candid feedback
• Trust
• Sufficient time
• Life cycle costing criteria
• Common success criteria

CHOOSE YOUR PARTNERS WISELY

 PtD capability in designer RFP  Designer interaction experience in GC RFP  Collaborative culture and experiences  Open to change

PTD: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU

 All organizational change starts with individual

initiative

 Will you and your firm be leaders or laggards?

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www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public- health-textbook/disease-causation- diagnostic/2h-principles-health- promotion/prevention-paradox

ENABLING PTD THROUGH THE OBX

 Working group to share PtD-related best

practices:

• Pre-Qualification that include safety
• Constructability Reviews
• Design-assist and IPD
• Tech Specs

 PtD Speaker series  PtD Workshop

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SUMMARY

 PtD is tied with sustainability

PtD is tied with sustainability, CSR, e CSR, ethics thics

 Successful organizations ha

Successful organizations have im implement plemented PtD d PtD

 Keys t

ys to im implementing PtD plementing PtD

• Lif

Life cy cycle cost per cle cost perspectiv pective and budgeting e and budgeting

• Contracts f

Contracts facilitat cilitate collaboration collaboration

 Three f

Three fir irst st st steps t eps to im implementing PtD plementing PtD

• Culture, Pr

Culture, Processes, Par

• cesses, Partner

tners

 You can be a leader in im

• u can be a leader in implementing

plementing PtD in y PtD in your

• ur
• rganization
• rganization

 The OBX can help enable PtD among its

The OBX can help enable PtD among its member members. s.

This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education System Program

Mike Toole ttoole@bucknell.edu www.designforconstructionsafety.org

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!