Presentation Outline Article July 1999 Source: CiteSeer CITATIONS - - PDF document

▶
presentation outline
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Presentation Outline Article July 1999 Source: CiteSeer CITATIONS - - PDF document

Oct 30, 2022 527 likes •814 views

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2606184 Presentation Outline Article July 1999 Source: CiteSeer CITATIONS READS 0 16 2 authors , including: P. Khargonekar

slide-1
SLIDE 1

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2606184

Presentation Outline

Article · July 1999

Source: CiteSeer

CITATIONS READS

16

2 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Signal Processing via Sampled-data Control Theory View project Control & Combinatorial Optimization View project

  • P. Khargonekar

University of Florida

416 PUBLICATIONS 24,002 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by P. Khargonekar on 26 March 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

slide-2
SLIDE 2

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000

Presented at the AVIRIS Earth Science and Applications Workshop February 23-25, 2000 JPL, PASADENA, CA

Nahum Gat1, Hector Erives1, Glenn J. Fitzgerald2, Stephan J. Maas2

1Opto-knowledge Systems, Inc. (OKSI)

2USDA-ARS, Western Integrated Cropping Systems Research Unit, Shafter, CA

WORK SPONSORED IN PART BY THE NASA/ SSC HYPERSPECTRAL EOCAP

Precision Farming Application of AVIRIS Data in the San Joaquin Valley, California

In colaboration with Susan Ustin & the CSTARS Lab at UC Davis

slide-3
SLIDE 3

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

PROJECT OBJECTIVES APPROACH

LAB WORK FIELD WORK (EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS) AIR BORNE (EXPERIMENTAL & COMMERCIAL PLOTS)

PRELIMINARY RESULTS CONCLUSIONS (& FUTURE WORK)

slide-4
SLIDE 4

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

OVERALL OBJECTIVE:

HELP INCORPORATE REMOTE SENSING INTO PRECISION FARMING PRACTICES EXPLORE THE USE OF HYPERSPECTRAL TECHNOLOGY IN REAL-TIME COMMERCIAL CROP MANAGEMENT

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:

EARLY DETECTION OF STRESS; IN PARTICULAR PEST INSECT INFESTATION EMPHASIS ON COTTON

slide-5
SLIDE 5

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

LAB WORK

Spectral analysis of samples Biomass Insect count

slide-6
SLIDE 6

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

Laboratory spectral characterization

Healthy & infested cotton samples Spectra of healthy & infested cotton samples Classification of lab samples

slide-7
SLIDE 7

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

FIELD WORK

Canopy-level (imaging) spectra Spectra library development (plants, soils, etc.)

slide-8
SLIDE 8

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

Canopy-scale field characterization

(using LCTF camera system)

Field hyperspectral close up characterization Scale of field characterization (580 nm image)

slide-9
SLIDE 9

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

GROUND TRUTHING FOR AIRBORNE IMAGERY

slide-10
SLIDE 10

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

MET STATION AND IR RADIOMETERS & DATA LOGGER

slide-11
SLIDE 11

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

AIRBORNE: SAMRSS

AIRBORNE MULTI SPECTRAL SENSOR 3 CCD CAMERAS 1024×1024 PIXELS, 12 BITS BANDS SELECTION WITH FILTERS

548, 658, 850 nm FWHM: 13 nm FOR GREEN/RED, 40 nm FOR NIR

THERMAL IR CAMERA (NEW) COLOR VIDEO CAMERA DATA ACQUISITION TO PC

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Experimental plots; calibration panels for SAMRSS

SAMRSS MULTI-SPECTRAL SENSOR IMAGERY

(GSD=0.6 m)

slide-13
SLIDE 13

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

CALIBRATION PANELS FOR SAMRSS

slide-14
SLIDE 14

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

New 400-1000 nm pushbroom sensor for Spring 2000

slide-15
SLIDE 15

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

COMMERCIAL SCALE PLOTS

Sheely Farm

slide-16
SLIDE 16

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

99 Fwy 5 Fwy FRESNO Lemoore

Sheely Farm Westlake Farm

LOCATION: SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY, CA

~80 air- miles to Dryden

slide-17
SLIDE 17

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

AVIRIS FLIGHT LINE

slide-18
SLIDE 18

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

COTTON TOMATO PIMA GARBANZO GARLIC

1999 CROP MAP

PISTACHIO COTTON PIMA COTTON TOMATO COTTON TOMATO COTTON

slide-19
SLIDE 19

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3

Wavelength, µm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Thousands

Reflectance x 10,000

06/13/99 08/28/99 09/01/99 09/10/99 09/24/99 Plot: 6-1 (cotton)

Plot # Date Operation Com m e nts 6-1 April 04/18/99 Planting Maxxa May 05/14/99 Cultivate 06/05/99 Cultivate June 06/05/99 Insecticide grnd 06/07/99 Insecticide grnd Flight 6/13/99 06/13/99 Herbicide grnd 06/14/99 Fertilize W ater run July 07/01/99 Cultivate 07/04/99 Insecticide grnd 07/04/99 Fertilize W ater run 07/22/99 Fertilize W ater run 08/02/99 Irrigation Furrow 08/04/99 Insecticide Aerial 08/19/99 Irrigation Furrow Flight 8/28/99 08/31/99 Insecticide Aerial Flight 9/1/99 Flight 9/10/99 Flight 9/24/94 10/02/99 Defoliant prep Aerial 10/09/99 Defoliant Aerial 10/20/99 Harvest

OPERATIONS SCHEDULE, AVIRIS FLIGHTS, & CROP SIGNATURES

(COTTON EXAMPLE)

slide-20
SLIDE 20

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3

Wavelength, µm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Thousands

Reflectance x 10,000

06/13/99 08/28/99 09/01/99 09/10/99 09/24/99 Region: 6-2 (PIMA)

Plot # Date Operation Com m e nts 6-2 April 04/18/99 Planting Phytogen May 05/12/99 Cultivate 05/20/99 Herbicide grnd 05/20/99 Fertilizing Sidedress 05/27/99 Cultivate June 06/09/99 Herbicide grnd Flight 6/13/99 06/13/99 Fertilize W ater run 06/30/99 Cultivate July 07/01/99 Insecticide grnd 07/02/99 Fertilize W ater run 07/15/99 Fertilize W ater run 07/27/99 Fertilize W ater run 07/28/99 Insecticide Aerial 08/10/99 Irrigation Furrow 08/20/99 Irrigation Furrow 08/25/99 Irrigation Furrow Flight 8/28/99 08/29/99 Insecticide Aerial Flight 9/1/99 Flight 9/10/99 Flight 9/24/94 10/09/99 Defoliant prep Aerial 10/18/99 Defoliant Aerial 11/04/99 Harvest 11/10/99 Harvest

OPERATIONS SCHEDULE, AVIRIS FLIGHTS, & CROP SIGNATURES

(PIMA EXAMPLE)

slide-21
SLIDE 21

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Wavelength, µm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Thousands

Reflectance x 10,000 Region: 4-1 (COTTON) Region: 5-1 (COTTON) Region: 6-1 (COTTON) Region: 5-2 (PIMA) Region: 5-3 (PIMA) Region: 6-2 (PIMA) 6/13/99

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Wavelength, µm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thousands Reflectance x 10,000 Region: 4-1 (COTTON) Region: 6-2 (PIMA)

8/28/99

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Wavelength, µm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Thousands

Reflectance x 10,000

Region: 4-1 (COTTON) Region: 5-1 (COTTON) Region: 6-1 (COTTON) Region: 5-2 (PIMA) Region: 5-3 (PIMA) Region: 6-2 (PIMA)

8/28/99

SIGNATURES

Emergence stage Plot-averaged signatures (peak canopy development) Pima vs. Cotton; plot-averaged, peak canopy development)

slide-22
SLIDE 22

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

SIGNATURE ANALYSES

Review vegetation indices

Photosynthetic activity indices Canopy water indices

Review eigen-indices

Remove redundancy Capture prime factors indication plant vigor / stress

Review other parameters that affect plant health

soil parameters, weather

Consider that plant is an integrator of the conditions that affect health / stress

Preliminary conclusions: 1. Need to work with time-integrated parameters 2. Need "many" spectral bands to capture all relevant factors affecting plant growth and reduce reliance on ground measurements 3. Quick results obtained with VNIR bands using Tasseled Cap type analysis

†(see this morning paper on sugar beet yield prediction)

slide-23
SLIDE 23

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

TIME-INTEGRATED INDICES

(Some) Time-integrated indices are species-specific because of differences in growth cycle TOMATO COTTON / PIMA

slide-24
SLIDE 24

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

SOILS / CROP STATUS CLASSIFICATION

Use AVIRIS imagery to develop a classification that classifies:

Soils (dark, light) Vegetation (emerging, mature and senescing)

Transformation based on 4 bands: 0.4588, 0.5571, 0.6553, 0.8163 (Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization)

Use soil spectra to form a base normal vector Brightness axis Use vegetation spectra to form a second orthonormal axis vector Greenness Use senescing vegetation to form a third orthonormal axis vector Yellowness

Apply transformation to imagery

Soil Brightness V e g e t a t i o n Greenness S

  • i

l l i n e E m e r g i n g v e g . M a t u r e v e g . "Tasseled Cap"-like approach

slide-25
SLIDE 25

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

June 13, 1999: Cotton/Pima crops emerging Tomato: just prior to harvesting Tomato Cotton / Pima plots Garlic Senescing tomato Pistachio AVIRIS RGB image Classified image

Classification scatter plot

SOILS / CROP STATUS CLASSIFICATION

Brightness axis Greenness axis

slide-26
SLIDE 26

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

SOILS / CROP STATUS CLASSIFICATION

September 1, 1999: Cotton/Pima crops in place Tomato: post harvesting Last cotton irrigation: Mid Aug. Soils Cotton / Pima Bright Soil Senescing cotton Pistachio Classified image

Classification scatter plot

AVIRIS RGB image Brightness axis Greenness axis

slide-27
SLIDE 27

OKSI - OPTO-KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, INC.

AVIRIS WORKSHOP 2000 Precision Farming (Gat, et-al)

SUMMARY

Ground measurements & AVIRIS imagery are utilized to developed tools in support of precision agriculture Investigation covers commercial farms & experimental plots only briefly discussed today) Demonstrated ability to differentiate crop, assess crop vigor / stage of senescence, soil types Analyses based on various tools including:

time-integrated vegetation indices Multivariate correlation of "many" spectral bands Quick "brightness — greeenness — yellowness" classification

Pest management key economical factor in agricultural production

Crop mapping important for pest insects migration patterns Early stress detection can be used for localizing treatment

View publication stats View publication stats