POSITIVE EDUCATION for Sustainable Well Being DR. ILONA BONIWELL 9 - - PDF document

10/05/2014 1

POSITIVE EDUCATION for Sustainable Well‐Being

9 May 2014

• DR. ILONA BONIWELL

16 September 2013

BACKGROUND & RATIONALE

10/05/2014 2

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

INTRODUCING MYSELF

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

INTRODUCING MYSELF (AGAIN)

10/05/2014 3

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

POSITIVE EDUCATION SUMMIT @ NO 10 (OCT 2013)

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

MARTIN SELIGMAN

In two words or less, what do you most want for your children? And what do the schools teach?

10/05/2014 4

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

WHAT DO THE SCHOOLS TEACH?

• Achievement
• Thinking skills
• Conformity
• Literacy
• Maths
• Discipline
• Success

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

WHAT DO WE NEED TO TEACH?

What is the best way to prepare for our kids life? What challenges are they likely to encounter? What skills would they need? How can we teach those skills?

10/05/2014 5

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

THE PREVENTION ARGUMENT (Seligman, Gillham, etc)

• Earlier onset
• Academic and interpersonal

difficulties

• Smoking, drugs, alcohol and

suicide risks

THE FACTS

UK, US and Australia At any point in time 2% of children aged 11–15 and 11% of youth aged 16–24 suffer a major depressive disorder (UK, US and Australia) Singapore Major depressive disorder is the most prominent illness in

• Singapore. Clinical depression rates

at 5.8%. Up to 17% of primary school children are depressed; 22% thought of suicide.

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

• Creativity enhancement
• Task persistence, multi‐tasking,

being systematic

• Achievement and academic

success

• Optimism
• Attending to relevant negative

information

• Longevity
• Less vulnerability to illness
• Sociability, trust, helpfulness
• Less hostility and self‐

centeredness

THE PROMOTION ARGUMENT (Lyubomirsky, Diener, etc)

10/05/2014 6

> 18/06/2013

‹#›

THE JOINT ARGUMENT (Layard et al, 2013)

18 JUIN 2013

INTRODUCING POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY & POSITIVE EDUCATION

10/05/2014 7

> 18/06/2013

13

WHAT IS POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY?

The science of optimal human functioning, well‐being and human strengths. Rather than ‘fixing what is wrong’, positive psychology ‘builds what is strong’.

> 18/06/2013

14

THE TWO PILLARS OF POSITIVE EDUCATION

RESILIENCE WELL‐BEING Promotion Prevention

10/05/2014 8

CAN RESILIENCE BE TAUGHT?

> 18/06/2013

16

WHAT IS RESILIENCE?

Think of times in your life when you have been resilient and try to come up with three different words that define resilience for you.

10/05/2014 9

> 18/06/2013

17

ONE POSSIBLE DEFINTION

‘Resilience is an ability to be in control of a way we respond to situations and/or to bounce back from challenges and adversities’.

> 18/06/2013

18

SPARK PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION

• Building on the “shoulders of

giants”

• Commissioned by a British Local

Authority

• Theoretical base – CBT, Positive

Psychology and PTG

• Initial sample – four large

secondary schools in South East London

• Targeting all year 7 students
• Pilot study sample ‐ 197 pupils in
• ne of the participating schools
• Control group Y7 surveyed one

year before post‐assessment of the intervention group Boniwell & Ryan (2009) Pluess, Boniwell, Hefferon & Tunariu (in press)

10/05/2014 10

> 18/06/2013

19

INTERVENTION DESIGN

10/05/2014 11

> 18/06/2013

21

Parrots of perception Parrot under the spotlight Parrot on trial – alternatives and evidence My personal aviary

PARROTS OF PERCEPTION

> 18/06/2013

22

The Blamer spends its time blaming other people for the situation. It looks rather bullish and puffed

• up. It often feels angry.

THE BLAMER

He/she is so stupid! They always do it to me! It’s all their fault! They need to think about what they do more carefully

10/05/2014 12

> 18/06/2013

23

The Worrier, not surprisingly, worries about everything! This blue parrot is concerned with the future and how a present situation might play out negatively. At its worst, The Worrier can catastrophise things and experience feelings of anxiety, fear and nervousness.

THE WORRIER

It’s going to affect everything It’s all going to go wrong It’s going to be dreadful, awful, terrible

> 18/06/2013

24

HERE’S THE AVIARY...

10/05/2014 13

> 18/06/2013

25

BUILDING THE POSITIVE: THE 4 RESILIENCE MUSCLES

> 18/06/2013

26

RESULTS – SELF‐EFFICACY

10/05/2014 14

> 18/06/2013

27

RESULTS – SELF‐ESTEEM

> 18/06/2013

28

RESULTS – LIFE SATISFACTION

10/05/2014 15

> 18/06/2013

29

RESULTS ‐ RESILIENCE

110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 Pre Intervention Post Intervention Follow-up 6M Follow-up 12M Controls 12M

Resilience Scale (RS)

> 18/06/2013

30

RESULTS ‐ DEPRESSION

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pre Intervention Post Intervention Follow-up 6M Follow-up 12M Controls 12M

Depression Scores (CESD)

10/05/2014 16

THE CHALLENGE…

32

> 18/06/2013

APPLYING RESILIENCE TO YOUNG OFFENDERS: the challenge

• Police‐led demand
• Older population
• No formal qualifications
• Street‐wise
• Disillusioned
• Gang culture

Boniwell & Tunariu (2011)

10/05/2014 17

33

> 18/06/2013

BRAIN

…the way of the BFu

SPARK CHANGED INTO BFU...

34

> 18/06/2013

AND PARROTS INTO HOODS...

10/05/2014 18

35

> 18/06/2013

EMOTIONAL RESILIENCE FOR GANGS: FACE UP

WHAT ABOUT HAPPINESS?

18 JUIN 2013

10/05/2014 19

> 18/06/2013

37

HAPPINESS SKILLS: WHAT SHOULD WE TEACH AND HOW?

> 18/06/2013

38

WHAT HAPPINESS IS NOT

10/05/2014 20

> 18/06/2013

39

WHAT DO WE TEACH WHEN WE TEACH HAPPINESS?

Positive Self Positive Body Positive Emotions Positive Mindset Positive Direction Positive Relationships Happy Talk! Image Matters Understanding Emotions Fixed or Flexible? Egg Yourself On Tonic or Toxic Me, Inc. Supersize Me! The Negativity Bias Hope Nail, Nag, Nudge Forgiveness My Strengths Portfolio Nutrition Quiz Boost your Positive Emotions Creative Problem Solving Flow and Engagement Listening and Empathy Confident You Mindfulness for Life Just for Fun Money, Money, Money! Big Hairy Goals Sweet Trading My Best Possible Self Go to bed, Sleepyhead! Surprising, Spontaneous Savouring! The Tyranny of Choice Five Little Pigs Kindness and Gratitude Strengths Songbook The Power of Exercise Mental Time Travelling Thinking Your Way to Happiness The Balancing Act Happiness across Cultures

> 18/06/2013

40

WHAT IS HAPPINESS, ANYWAY?

GENERATING

• What does it feel like to be

happy?

• What are you doing when

you feel happy? ANALYSING

• Read through the quotes
• Summarise the quotes in one
• r two words on the post‐its

10/05/2014 21

> 18/06/2013

41

HOW DOES IT WORK?

> 18/06/2013

42

TWO PERSPECTIVES ON HAPPINESS HEDONIC EUDAIMONIC FEELING GOOD DOING WELL

10/05/2014 22

> 18/06/2013

43

HAPPINESS IS RELATED TO?

Optimism ‐ + Self esteem ‐ + Neuroticism ‐ + Living in a warm climate ‐ + Old age ‐ + Youth ‐ + Money ‐ + Gender ‐ + Close friendships ‐ + Marriage ‐ + Work ‐ + Children ‐ + Sleep ‐ + Religion ‐ + Meaning and Purpose ‐ + Being healthy ‐ + Education ‐ + Physical attractiveness ‐ +

> 18/06/2013

44

EXAMPLE OF AN EXCERCISE

Set aside 5 minutes each night for the next couple of weeks and write down three things that went well. They can be as specific (‘beautiful sunrise’) or generic (‘alive and healthy’) as you want.

10/05/2014 23

> 18/06/2013

45

ACTIVATE STRENGTHS

> 18/06/2013

46

Adaptability Communication Detail Forgiveness Humility Humour Love Optimism Resilience Self‐control Social intelligence Strategy Wisdom Resilience Adventure Beauty Creativity Hard work Competition Empathy Learning Open‐mindedness Teamwork Kindness Leadership Harmony

10/05/2014 24

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS

16 September 2013

> 18/06/2013

48

THE WELLINGTON COLLEGE & GEELONG GRAMMAR

10/05/2014 25

> 18/06/2013

49

POSITIVE EDUCATION SUMMIT @ NO 10 (OCT 2013)

> 18/06/2013

50

UNPRECEDENTED FINDINGS FROM BHUTAN (ADLER)

18 secondary schools (~8,000 students) in three representative regions of Bhutan Randomly assigned to:

 GNH Curriculum condition (11 schools)  Control condition (7 schools)

Statistically significant increases in:

 Psychological well‐being  Self‐report physical health  Academic achievement (standardized

test scores)

10/05/2014 26

> 18/06/2013

51

SPARK RESILIENCE IN JAPAN

> 18/06/2013

52

FRANCE – THE UNCHARTERED TERRITORY

• “The Byronian curse” – as named by Russell

“There's not a joy the world can give like that it takes away, When the glow of early thought declines in feeling's dull decay” Lord Byron 1788‐1824

• Pessimistic

The most pessimistic countries in Europe

• Average happiness

Poor ranking, 28th in 2012, according to a Gallup survey

10/05/2014 27

> 18/06/2013

53

LIFE SATISFACTION IN FRENCH SCHOOLS

> 18/06/2013

54

FEARS

‐Brain programming? ‐Opening Pandora’s box ‐Am I qualified? ‐Excessive individualism

and narcissism

‐Overstepping the role of

the school

10/05/2014 28

> 18/06/2013

55

...TO BOLDLY GO WHERE NO ONE'S GONE BEFORE?

SUSTAINABLE HAPPINESS

18 JUIN 2013

10/05/2014 29

57

> 18/06/2013

> THE FUTURE: SUSTAINABLE HAPPINESS

• The current economic

model, based on the doctrine

• f limitless growth has

resulted in the destructive attempt to use the earth’s finite resources to satisfy infinite wants.

• The use of gross domestic

product (GDP) as the central measure of progress in the current growth‐based paradigm has serious limitations.

> SOCIETY: CHANGES & TRENDS

• Numerous major trends

changes that have impact on education & child raising

‐ Increasing use of technology and e‐commerce leads to changes in relationships and hierarchies ‐ Major demographic changes ‐ Changes in career expectations ‐ Major problems of knowledge management and retention

• How can we change our

ways of teaching?

> CHILDREN: RAISING HAPPINESS

• Depression and anxiety in

childhood are on the rise

• What are the essential

skills for the future? Who can teach them?

THE PROBLEM

58

> 18/06/2013

BHUTAN AND THE NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM

10/05/2014 30

59

> 18/06/2013

THE NINE DOMAINS OF THE GNH

60

> 18/06/2013

PROPOSED NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM MODEL

10/05/2014 31

61

> 18/06/2013

Taking the education domain as a base, what recommendations would you give to public policy makers? THE HAPPINESS MANIFESTO

62

> 18/06/2013

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”

–Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech

10/05/2014 32

63

> 18/06/2013

AND KEEP IN MIND…

64

> 18/06/2013

RESOURCES

10/05/2014 33

Thank you for your attention !

Dr ILONA BONIWELL

i.boniwell@positran.fr www.positran.fr