Physical Input and Tangible Computing Bjrn Hartmann (bjoern@cs) 08 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Physical Input and Tangible Computing Bjrn Hartmann (bjoern@cs) 08 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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stanford hci group / cs147 Physical Input and Tangible Computing Bjrn Hartmann (bjoern@cs) 08 November 2006 http://cs147.stanford.edu Learning Goals Be familiar with the space of input devices, their properties and tradeoffs Be able

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stanford hci group / cs147

http://cs147.stanford.edu

Physical Input and Tangible Computing

Björn Hartmann (bjoern@cs) 08 November 2006

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Learning Goals

Be familiar with the space of input devices, their properties and tradeoffs Be able to assess what devices will have the best performance for desired users, tasks, and settings Be inspired to think beyond today’s GUI paradigm

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Input Device Issues

What actions does it afford? What resolution/sensitivity does it offer? What dexterity does it require/allow? What is it efficient/inefficient at doing? What interaction techniques is it suitable for? What are its ergonomic advantages and problems?

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(cc) Image by flickr user John Pastor

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[O’Sullivan]

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Keystroke Devices

Array of Discrete Inputs Many variants of form and key layout

Can be one-handed or two Wide range of sizes Two-hand full keyboard is relatively standardized, Less standardization on others: Command keys, generic function keys, cursor movement, numeric keypad,...

Take advantage of procedural memory

Power law of practice T = aPb

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Keyboards

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Key Layouts

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One Hand Keysets (Chording, Multipress)

Chording Multi-press mappings Ambiguity resolution (T9)

Engelbart – Chording Keyset Twiddler

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Pointing Devices

(cc) Flickr photo by Mike fj40

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Pointing/Marking Devices Representative Tasks

Target acquisition Steering / positioning Freehand drawing Drawing lines Tracing and digitizing Clicking, Double-clicking, dragging Gesture Text entry (handwriting)

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A design space of input devices…

Card, S. K., Mackinlay, J. D., and Robertson, G. G. 1991. A morphological analysis of the design space of input devices. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 9, 2 (Apr. 1991), 99-122. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/123078.128726

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The Mouse (Indirect device)

3 button SRI mouse, 1968 The First Mouse (Stanford Research Institute, 1964)

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How the Mouse Works

Ball mouse Wheel mouse

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How the Mouse Works

Optical

http://www.spritesmods.com/?art=mouseeye

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Ergonomic Mice

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Trackball, Trackpad

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Trackpoint

Indirect, force sensing, velocity control Nonlinear transfer function

Force Velocity

(cc) Image by flickr user tsaiid

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Joysticks

(cc) Image by flickr user seanaes

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Tablet (Indirect)

Indirect, position sensing, absolute, control

  • f cursor position

Some support bimanual input

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Pen-Based Computers

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Light Pen

Whirlwind Light Gun, 1952 Sage Air Defense System, 1950s Sketchpad, 1963

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Sketchpad Video

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Pen-based Computers

Apple Newton Buxton and Fitzmaurice GO PenPoint Palm Pilot Vadem Clio

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Touch Screen

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Tracking Pointers

Eye Brain

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Fitts Law

MT = a + b log2 (A/W + 1) Target acquisition time is proportional to the log of the ratio

  • f the Distance to the Width of the

target Applies to position control devices

Same for direct and indirect How does it apply to all the others?

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A design space of input devices…

Card, S. K., Mackinlay, J. D., and Robertson, G. G. 1991. A morphological analysis of the design space of input devices. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 9, 2 (Apr. 1991), 99-122. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/123078.128726

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5

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[O’Sullivan]

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Hands

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Doing Multiple Things at Once

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Visibility

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3D and Haptic

Phantom DaVinci DataGlove CyberGrasp

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Position+Orientation: Nintendo Wii

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Position+Orientation: Nintendo Wii

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Tangible User Interfaces

Augment the physical world, integrating digital information with everyday physical objects Generally, physical input controls graphical or audio output

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Digital Tape Drawing Video

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IO Brush

Kimiko Ryokai et al, MIT Media Lab

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IO Brush Video (didn’t work)

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Tobopo

Hayes Raffle, Amanda Parkes, MIT Media Lab

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Topobo Video

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Mixing paper and computers

Books with Voices Designers’ Outpost

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Outpost video

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DIY How hard is it to build your own input device?

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Example from CS247

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Palette Video

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Exemplar Video

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http://ccrma.stanford.edu/courses/250a/

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stanford hci group / cs147

http://cs147.stanford.edu

http://hci.stanford.edu

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Things I didn’t get to show

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MetaDesk Video

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Anoto Pattern

digital pen technology

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Multi-touch

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FTIR video

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Collaborative

e.g., DiamondTouch