Path Diversity ! Number of paths for a packet to transit between two - PDF document

In Search for Path Diversity in ISP Networks Renata Teixeira, Keith Marzullo, Stefan Savage, Geoffrey M. Voelker UC San Diego Internet Measurement Conference 2003 Path Diversity ! Number of paths for a packet to transit between two points " Inside an autonomous system network (ISP) " Fully link and PoP (Point of Presence) disjoint paths " Observed at IP level ! Applications " Robustness, resilience to failures " Traffic engineering ! How much path diversity is there in real networks? IMC’2003 2 1

Path Diversity inside an AS Recife Point of Presence (PoP) PoP-disjoint paths Link-disjoint paths Brasília Rio de Janeiro Given an ISP network topology, use standard graph algorithms to compute path diversity. São Paulo IMC’2003 3 Topologies Studied ! Inferred topologies (Rocketfuel) " Nine router-level ISP topologies (incl. Sprint) " Reconstruct PoP-level topology ! Exact Sprint network topology " PoP-level topology of the continental US backbone network IMC’2003 4 2

Inferring ISP Topology ISP Network -Choose vantage points and destinations probing -Perform a set of traceroutes traces -Clean-up traces processing -Collapse interfaces into routers -Insert reverse edges Inferred ISP Topology IMC’2003 5 Path Diversity in Inferred Sprint Topology s P o P f o s r i a p f o n o i t At least five link-disjoint c a paths between all pairs of PoP r f e v i t a l u m Inferred u C Number of link-disjoint paths IMC’2003 6 3

Inferred vs. Exact Path Diversity s s P P o o P P f f o o s s r r i i a a p p Inferred topology has f f o o 1.25 to 4.4 times more There are at least four n n o o link-disjoint paths link-disjoint paths between i i t t c c a almost 90% of pairs of PoPs a r r f f e e v v i i t t a a l Exact l u u m m Inferred Inferred u u C C Number of link-disjoint paths Number of link-disjoint paths IMC’2003 7 Accuracy of Inferred Sprint Topology Exact Sprint -Lack of vantage points Topology -Incomplete traceroutes -Missed: 58.57% probing -Added: 37.14% -Changes in the path during a probe Links: traces -Obsolete DNS -Missed: 8.57% -Added: 608.57% processing -Missed: -- -Added: 717.14% -Incorrect alias resolution Inferred Sprint -Adding reverse links Topology IMC’2003 8 4

Summary ! Large diversity in path diversity! " Depends on network design ! High level of path diversity in Sprint network " 90% of PoP-pairs have at least 4 link-disjoint paths ! Extracting path diversity is challenging " Inferred topologies are not representative of path diversity " Getting real data is unrealistic IMC’2003 9 Warning Inferred topologies should be used carefully! " Need to understand limitations of the data " Impact on relevant topological properties IMC’2003 10 5

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