Packaging (Large pack) Kevin Mutch Peripatetic Brewer 25 April - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Packaging (Large pack) Kevin Mutch Peripatetic Brewer 25 April 2018

Topics • Beer preparation and mechanics of fill – Cask – Keg – Bulk

Beer Preparation • Prior to packaging beer must be in the correct condition • Sterility • Yeast counts • Clear / Polished • Hazy • Correct gas content (CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 ) • Correct %ABV

Preparation - Cask Cask Beer – not filtered – contains live yeast – contains residual fermentable sugar • Beer racked into casks with minimum of treatment or clarification • Stored, matures, clarifies in cask • Run directly from FV or intermediate vessel – racking vessel, tank, jack.

Preparation – Yeast Counts in RV 1(+/-0.5)x10 6 cells/ml • Controlled by • yeast strain – yeast viability and its flocculation/sedimentation characteristics • fermentation management – may be affected by the presence of infections. – centrifugation – temperature at fining and the carbon dioxide content of the beer – Secondary fermentation • residual fermentable sugar at EoF in FV – xs or not enough? (2 o Gravity) – low level CO 2 at EoF in FV – vessel shape – FV cooling ability – primings –

Preparation - Priming Sugar Addition • Syrup addition to – usually ~1150 o OG – FV, RV or Cask – sugars – sucrose, invert sucrose (heated & acidified) • Colour impact – caramelisation • 2 o fermentation substrate & sweetener – extra conditioning time – increase in %ABV?

Preparation - Hops • Post Copper Hop Additions – leaf, pellet, hop oil, water based extracts • Extra hoppy flavour & aroma – no discernible increase in bitterness • Leaf and pellet take time to mature – haze, infection/plant mass • Oil, WBEs ‘instantaneous’ effect – relatively haze free

Preparation - Hops • Dry hops should be stored at 2° - 4°C & added at rack or when beer is fined. • Range for dry-hopping is – 9-140 g/hl/0·5-8·0 oz/brl/0·2-5·0 mg/l of hop oil – 9-35 g/hl/0·5-2·0 oz/brl more usual

Preparation - Isinglass Finings • Swim bladder tropical fish • Dried, shredded, mixed with liquor & typically tartaric, citric, or sulphurous acid • Pure collagen, triple helix heavy +ve electrostatic charge

Preparation - Auxiliary Finings • Finings adjunct – acidified silicate • Polysaccharides – gums – acacia, gum arabic • Seaweed extracts – carrageenin, alginates • Colloidal solutions, high – ve electrostatic charge

Preparation - Use of Finings • FA used first – in FV, after cropping yeast, cooling on, – 24h before racking, – during rundown to RV • Isinglass used – at rack – before dispatch • Never admix FA & Isinglass

Preparation – Fining Advantages • Advantages of using auxiliary finings – reduced use of Isinglass Finings – a better polish on the finished beer – increased speed of fining – increased speed of re-settling • Silicated finings also give – stabilisation against non-biological haze formation – a degree of protection against chill hazes

Preparation - Finings Optimisation • Regular basis • new seasons malt, change of supplier/variety • Hazes – under or over fining? • 300ml+ measuring tube, 288 ml beer • FA – ½ to 2 pints/brl, add isinglass mix • Isinglass – 2 to 5 pints/brl – clearest? • Allow to settle, repeat 3 or 4 times

Preparation - Factors Affecting Beer Fining Liquor Malt quality Mash pH and composition temperature Gravity of last Length and The removal of runnings vigour of the boil trub The yeast Conditioning Quality of the strain/s used finings system used

Preparation - Gas Levels Transfers chilled & quiet. • Temperature <10 o C, all • vessels filled from bottom CO 2 • – final package on sale ~1vol/vol (2g/l) – need to condition O 2 • – quiet fill! N2 • – leave it to the sparkler!

Preparation - %ABV • Residual fermentable sugar at EoF in FV – xs or not enough? (2 o Gravity equivt 0.2%ABV) – Primings • Extra conditioning time – Timothy Taylor’s Landlord ! • > +0.5% ABV? • Trading Standards & HMRC – +/-0.2%ABV & +/-0.5% ABV

Preparation – Cask Washing/Sterilisation With Without Steam Steam Water Temperatures ( o C) 82 - 88 99 - 104 Pressure Range (Bar g) 6·2-7·6 5·5-7·6 Typical Holding time (sec) 8 16

Preparation – Automated Cask Filling • Automated – shive & keystone removal – finings dosing – labelling • Cleaning • Check finings addition rates

Preparation – Manual Cask Filling

Preparation – Cask Storage • Beers should be – stored at 10-14°C both before and after fining – fined at the lowest temperature - fining action occurs with rising temperature – checked for conditioning and finings action • Beers should not – form a chill haze during storage – be stored above 19°C - too vigorous 2 o fermentation & high internal pressure

Preparation – Cask Storage • Sediment – volume should be monitored – should remain at the bottom of the cask throughout dispense. – Should be compact. • Minimise number of cask movements after fining • Beer volume retained with the sediment depends on cask construction and on stillaging and tilting procedures.

Cask Beer Dispense

Preparation - Keg Keg beer • SS/single use • Keg safety • Bright/hazy? • Filtered/pasteurised? • Yeast counts • Temperatures • SWP • Gas contents • Laws of physics • %ABV •

Bright Keg Product Preparation • Plate & frame filter • High CapEx , ‘low’ OpEX – Skilled operation – Use of powder (H&S) – Filter boards – Messy • Sterile filter – Low CapEx , ‘high’ OpEx – Less skilled operation – Easily blinded – Clean

Maintaining Gas Content Stabilised Al foam Post filter • Low temperature (<-1.0 o C) • Long residency time • Pressurised, chilled receiving vessel • CO 2 storage •

Keg – Gas Equilibrium CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 There maybe 2.5 pints of CO 2 in a pint of lager Keg products: CO 2 CO 2 level TOP PRESSURE must have BEER BEER APPLIED CO 2 TEMP. (psi) a, and be CONTENT (degrees) ( volumes ) within, specification at rack

Effect of temperature on CO 2 absorption in beer 12psi 12psi 12psi CO 2 dispense 60 o F 60 o F 60 o F gas CO 2 in product 5 o C 15 o C 12 o C 54 o F 40 o F 60 o F And this is without the effect of any secondary fermentation!

Preparation – Keg Cleaning • Reusable kegs – High CapEx – Low OpEX – Environment +ve • Single use – Low CapEx – High OpEx – Environment -ve

Reusable Keg – Washers/Fillers • Sterilise • Drain contents • Counter pressure with CO 2 • Clean • Fill

Keg dispense What is the maximum temperature and pressure a one-way keg can hold ? What is the maximum temperature and pressure a one-way keg can hold ? Dolium Keykeg Maximum internal pressure (carbonation) 4.0 bar (58psi) at 40°C (5g/l / 2.5 Vol ) Temperature range 0 ‐ 40°C Max. dispense pressure 3.5 bar (51psi) Petainer

KeyKeg

Keykeg – user warning The consequences of temperature fluctuations depend on the CO 2 content. Products with a lot of CO 2 can reach pressures over 4 bars ( 58psi ). Users should be aware of this risk. When ‘kegged’ beer is meant to undergo secondary fermentation, it is essential to add the proper amount of wort or sugar in order to prevent an excessive CO 2 build-up in the beer as a result of this fermentation. Another type of risk involves fully fermented beer which contain residual, fermentable sugars. Remaining yeast needs to be filtered out or neutralized before filling the keg. When this is not done properly, unwanted, spontaneous secondary fermentation inside the keg can occur, resulting in an unacceptably high CO 2 content. If nitrogen is used during packaging or dispense, the additional effect of this on the internal pressure should be taken into account. Equilibrium pressure at Beer Type CO 2 content (g/l) 20 o C (psi) English Ale 3.0 - 5.0 11.6 - 29.0 Lager Beer 4.5 - 5.0 23.2 - 29.0 Wheat Beer 5.5 - 7.0 31.9 - 46.4 Kegs are always under pressure and can cause injury!

Bulk Beer For Contract Packaging • Specifications! • CIP - lines, vessels • Minimise O2 pick up - IBC/Arlington • Final package - bright/packaged conditioned • Yeast counts • Product volumes – out & back (transfer losses)

Questions?