P.P. Povinec* , R. Breier, M. Jekovsk, I. Skora, University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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P.P. Povinec* , R. Breier, M. Jekovsk, I. Skora, University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 01, 2024 300 likes •531 views

Isotopes in Southern Indian Ocean Waters P.P. Povinec* , R. Breier, M. Jekovsk, I. Skora, University of Bratislava, Slovakia M. Aoyama, Meteorological Resaerch Institute, Tsukuba, Japan M. Fukusama, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan J. Gastaud, I.

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SLIDE 1

Isotopes in Southern Indian Ocean Waters

P.P. Povinec*, R. Breier, M. Ješkovský, I. Sýkora, University of Bratislava, Slovakia

  • M. Aoyama, Meteorological Resaerch Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
  • M. Fukusama, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan
  • J. Gastaud, I. Levy, L. Liong Wee Kwong, IAEA-MEL*, Monaco
  • M. Groening, IAEA, Vienna, Austria
  • Y. Hamajima, University of Kanazawa, Japan
  • K. Hirose, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan

A.J.T. Jull, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA

  • W. E. Kieser, University of Toronto, Canada

S.-H. Lee*, Korea Inst. of Standards and Sci., Daejeon, Korea

  • U. Morgenstern, GNS, Lower Hutt, N. Zealand

J.A. Sanchez-Cabeza*, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain

  • Z. Top, University of Miami, USA
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SLIDE 2

Isotope tracers of oceanic processes

  • 2H, 18O – water molecule –transport of water masses
  • 3H - water molecule (HTO) – transport of water masses

(T1/2 = 12.32 y)

  • 14C – dissolved in seawater, inorganic carbon –

exchange processes with the atmosphere + transport of water masses (T1/2 = 5730 y)

  • 129I – dissolved in seawater - transport of water masses

(T1/2 = 15.7 My)

  • 137Cs – mostly dissolved in seawater - transport of

water masses (T1/2 = 30.17 y)

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SLIDE 3

Global fallout radionuclides in the World Ocean

Nuclide Half-life (y) Released activity (PBq) Input to World Ocean (PBq) Ocean Inventory in 2010 (PBq) 3H 12.32 186 000 113 000 8 000 14C 5730 213 130 130 90Sr 28.78 620 380 100 137Cs 30.07 950 600 170 129I 15.7·106 0.4·10-3 0.3·10-3 0.3·10-3

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SLIDE 4

Large scale radionuclide projects in the Indian Ocean

  • GEOSECS (1978) – 3H, 14C
  • WOCE (1995) – 3H, 14C – the most

comprehensive data sets

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SLIDE 5

IAEA – WOMARS (1996- 2000)

  • Indian Ocean Transect - Italica (1997)
  • GEOSECS – revisiting the North Indian

Ocean stations (1998)

  • ANTARES- 4 - South Indian Ocean (1999)
  • ISOTOPES: 3H, 14C, 90Sr, 129I, 137Cs, Pu

isotopes, 2H, 18O

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SLIDE 6

Southern Hemisphere Oceans Tracer Studies (2002-2010)

BEAGLE2003 - Global Ocean Expedition (JAMSTEC) Indian Ocean (2003-2004)

  • revisiting WOCE 20°S lines
  • 3H, 14C, 137Cs, Pu isotopes
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SLIDE 7

Water fronts and sampling stations – ANTARES´99

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SLIDE 8

Water profiles in the southern Indian Ocean and NW Pacific (IAEA´97)

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

  • St. 3: 46 00 S, 63 04 E
  • St. 8: 42 57 S, 63 10 E
  • St. 7: 44 12 S, 63 25 E

WOCE IP5/44: 33 97 S, 57 03 E WOCE I5P/50 - 33 99 S, 61 99 E GEOSECS 428: 37 46S, 57 38 E GEOSECS 427: 27 04 S, 56 58 E

(a)

IAEA´97 St. 2: 34 57N, 151 52 E IAEA´97 St. 3: 30 34 N, 170 37 E

Depth (m)

3H (TU)

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

  • 300
  • 200
  • 100

100 200

  • St. 8 - 42 57 S, 63 10 E
  • St. 7 - 44 12 S, 63 25 E
  • St. 3 - 46 00 S, 63 04 E

GEOSECS 428 - 37 46 S, 57 38 E GEOSECS 429 - 47 40 S, 57 51 E GEOSECS 427 - 27 04 S, 56 58 E WOCE I5W/666 - 33 50 S, 48 51 E

(b)

IAEA´97 St. 2: 34 97 N, 151 89 E IAEA´97 St. 3: 30 57 N, 170 62 E

Depth (m) 14C (°/°°)

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

  • St. 8
  • St. 7
  • St. 3

(c)

IAEA´97 St. 2 IAEA´97 St. 3

Depth (m)

129I (108 atom/L)

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SLIDE 9

Surface distribution of 3H in the southern Indian Ocean (ANTARES´99 & WOCE´95)

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SLIDE 10

Surface distribution of 14C in the southern Indian Ocean (ANTARES´99 & WOCE´95)

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SLIDE 11

3H in the the southern Indian Ocean (ANTARES´99 & WOCE´95)

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SLIDE 12

14C in the the S Indian Ocean (ANTARES´99 & WOCE´95)

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SLIDE 13

Water masses in the southern Indian Ocean (ANTARES´99)

  • 0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.0 0.1

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

  • St. 8
  • St. 7
  • St. 3
  • St. 1
  • St. 2
  • St. 6
  • St. 4
  • St. 5

AAIW NADW AABW (a) SASW STSW IOSGW NIDW

18O (o/oo)

3H (TU)

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SLIDE 14

3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16

  • St. 8
  • St. 7
  • St. 3

6 50 1500 3000 100 2500 200 5000 500 1000 4000 2000 300 150 6 100 50 500 6 50 150 100 300 500 IOSGW STSW SASW 1000 1500 4300 2500 1000 3500 4300 AABW 2500 2000 1500 AAIW NIDW+NADW

Oxygen (mL/L)

129I (108 atom/L)

(b)

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SLIDE 15
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SLIDE 16

Sampling track of the JAMSTEC-BEAGLE2003 (2004) cruise

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SLIDE 17

137Cs in the southern Indian Ocean (along 20°S) (BEAGLE´2004)

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SLIDE 18
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SLIDE 19

The main surface currents in the World Ocean with sampling sites

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SLIDE 20

Conclusions

  • Transport of radionuclides from the Central

Pacific and N Indian Ocean to the S Indian Ocean

  • Accumulation of radionuclides in the S

Indian Ocean, implications for protection of the marine environment from land-based sources

  • AMS and Underground facilities have opened

window for detail investigations of the water column

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SLIDE 21

Acknowledgements

  • JAMSTEC (BEAGLE2003) & CNRS

(ANTARES-4) for sampling

  • IAEA & MEXT for support
  • University of Bremen (Dr. J. Sültenfuß) for

tritium analyses (SHOTS)

  • Universities & Institutes for support
  • Principality of Monaco for support provided

to its Marine Environment Laboratories