Overview of Selected NETL Research Office of Research and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Overview of Selected NETL Research Office of Research and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Overview of Selected NETL Research Office of Research and Development Geological and Environmental Systems Dustin L. McIntyre, PhD National Energy Technology Laboratory www.netl.doe.gov Office of Fossil Energy September 18, 2009 Outline

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September 18, 2009

Overview of Selected NETL Research

National Energy Technology Laboratory www.netl.doe.gov

Office of Fossil Energy

Office of Research and Development Geological and Environmental Systems Dustin L. McIntyre, PhD

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Outline

  • Brief Overview of NETL and ongoing research efforts
  • X-ray CT scanning – CO2 sequestration research
  • Recent Work – GeoX2010 model optimization
  • Recent Work – ARMA Powder River Basin Coal
  • Current Work – Carbonated brine flow in fractures
  • Future Work – CO2 soluble surfactants, EOR
  • New Industrial CT scanner facility
  • Opportunities at NETL

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

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3 Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

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4 Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

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Secretary of Energy Visit 2005

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

Secretary of Energy Sam Bodman

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Secretary of Energy Visit 2010

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West Virginia Senator Jay Rockefeller Secretary of Energy Steven Chu

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NETL’s Office of Research & Development

  • Tackling important national energy problems –

– CO2 management, energy security, advanced fuels development, hydrogen technology, hybrid cycles, mercury capture, hydrates

  • Capitalizing on unique facilities and capabilities

– History dates to early 1900’s

  • Achieving breakthrough science-

– Computational science and application, hydrogen technologies, combustion science and engineering, sequestration mechanisms

  • Achieving technology successes –

– R&D 100 awards, technology transfer awards, publications, licenses, etc.

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Research and Development Focus Areas

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X-ray CT Scanning

  • Nondestructive
  • Experiments at Temperature and Pressure
  • Identification of Areas of Interest

– Post Mortem

  • Confocal Laser Microscope
  • Scanning Electron Microscope
  • Thin Sectioning
  • Proximate Analysis
  • Visualization

– Segmentation – Time Studies – Surfaces and Videos

  • Digitization for Numerical Analysis

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

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X-ray CT Scanning

  • Carbon Sequestration

– Unmineable Coal Seams – Combined Coalbed Methane – Combined EOR – Brine Reservoirs – Natural Seal Integrity – Wellbore Seal Integrity

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

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Production from coal can be a complex process.

  • Flow through coal is defined in

large part by the cleat network.

  • Methane sorbed on the coal is

released by decreasing pressure.

  • Water needs to be moved out of

cleats before gas can flow.

  • CO2 injection causes reverse

process (adsorption instead of desorption.

SORPTION DIFFUSION ADVECTION

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How much CO2 can be stored (and methane removed)?

  • Sorption is typically

considered to follow a Langmuir isotherm.

  • The gas pressure in the

coal seam determines how much is sorbed to the coal.

  • CO2 is preferentially

sorbed to coal, compared to methane.

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Computed Tomography Scanning of Coal

  • Computed Tomography

– 2D X-ray images reconstructed to generate 3D volumes. – Porosity, Permeability, Swelling – Preferential Sorption

CT slices show density variations of coal core

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Changes due to confining pressure

  • Visualization

– Fractures – Density Variations – Saturation – Deformation

  • Most important effect is
  • n permeability
  • Most important coal

properties for shrinkage and swelling: – Porosity (f) – Young’s modulus (E) – Poisson’s ratio (n)

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Visualize Flow within Sandstone

  • Visualization

– Preferential Flow – Saturation – Porosity – Permeability

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Image Processing of Marcellus Shale

Grey scale CT slices CT slices with false coloring Three-dimensional reconstruction

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Multi-scale & Multi-phase

CT Scanning Image Processing and Micro-Scale CFD Develop Flow Relationships Reservoir-Scale Implementation

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  • GeoX 2010, 3rd International Workshop on X-ray CT

for Geomaterials, March 1-3, 2010, New Orleans

  • Vary Roughness by Resampling
  • Vary Aperture by Resizing
  • Model Refinement

– Model Minimization and Optimization – Computational Complexity – Time – Cost

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

CT Scanning and Flow Simulations

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CT Scanning and Flow Simulations

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

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CT Scanning and Flow Simulations

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

  • JRC provides a more linear relationship than the

Fractal Dimension

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CT Scanning and Flow Simulations

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

  • T follows cubic relationship fairly well above 0.7mm

aperture

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44th U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium

  • “Mechanical Properties, Flow Properties, and

Heterogeneous CO2 Sorption in Confined Powder River Coal Cores” Salt Lake City Utah, June 27-30, 2010

  • Sorption as a function of confining stress
  • Long term sorption
  • Permeability as a function of confining stress
  • Mechanical Strength as a function of sorption
  • Model manipulation and optimization

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

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September 18, 2009

Computed Tomography Analysis of Alterations in Fractured Caprock Resulting from CO2- acidified Brine

Brian R. Ellis NETL Seal Integrity Group Meeting August 10, 2010

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Motivation

  • Predict impact on seal integrity due to vertical

leakage of CO2-acidified brine

  • Better understand conditions that will lead to self-

sealing or continued dissolution

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27 27 Secondary Seal: Fine-grained LS/DS Primary Seal: Cherty Dolostone

CO2 inj. well

Injection Formation

Site Selection – Michigan MRCSP Injection Well

Amherstburg Bois Blanc Bass Island Injection Formation: Dolostone

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Sample Preparation

  • 1” diameter, vertical core subsample

taken from injection well core

  • Core fracture was artificially induced
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EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

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ISCO Pump ISC O Pum p H2O

  • r

Oil CO

2

Gas/Liqui d Separator

CO2 vent pH probe Check valve Thermocouple Brine Pressure transducer Pressure gauge 2-way shut-off valve BP R

1450 psi 15 psi

Experimental Design

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BPR, L/G separator and union cross for pH probes Mixing Vessel  at 30° angle to increase surface area contact Core holder inlet side Confining pressure and injection pumps

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32 32 CT Scanner

CT scanning during active flow-through at temperature and pressure

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Starting Brine Composition

Species [mol/L] Na 1.00 x 100 Ca 4.63 x 10-2 Mg 1.86 x 10-2 Cl 1.00 x 100 SO4 2.36 x 10-2 Sr 1.00 x 10-4 CO2(aq) 1.07 x 100 pH 4.86

Representative of 1 M NaCl brine having previously reacted with injection formation minerals under CO2-saturated conditions – near equilibrium with Calcite, Dolomite, and Anhydrite

  • Temperature = 40°C
  • CO2 pressure = 1450 psi
  • Confining pressure = 2000

psi

  • Flow rate = 10 ml min-1
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CT Scanning Results

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35 35 Day 2 Day 7 Medical Scanner CT Resolution = 250 μm Outlet end of core Inlet end of core Top 1/3 Middle 1/3 Bottom 1/3

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Micro-CT Imaging

2-D slice of top 1/3 of core – Prior to CO2-brine flow

Micro CT Resolution = 27 μm

2-D slice of top 1/3 of core – After 1 week of CO2-brine flow

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2-D slice of middle 1/3 of core – Prior to CO2-brine flow 2-D slice of middle 1/3 of core – After 1 week of CO2- brine flow

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1 mm 2 mm

2-D slice of bottom 1/3 of core – After 1 week of CO2- brine flow 2-D slice of bottom 1/3 of core – Prior to CO2-brine flow

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Continued Analysis

  • SEM/EDS analysis of sectioned core

– Sr-substitued calcite precipication? – Investigate extent and location of mineral dissolution along fracture pathway

  • ICP-AES analysis of brine effluent
  • Estimation of aperture change over time and the

corresponding change in fracture volume

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Acknowledgements

  • Dr. Catherine A. Peters
  • Dr. Grant Brohmal
  • Dr. Dustin McIntyre
  • Dr. Hema Siriwardane
  • Dr. Jinesh Jain
  • Dr. Bob Warzinski
  • Dr. Dustin Crandell
  • Eilis Rosenbaum
  • Bryan Tennant
  • Karl Jarvis

Funding Support

  • ORISE
  • Department of

Energy Under Award Number DE- FE0000749

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Future Facilities and Work

  • Microfocus X-ray CT facility

– 30” x 48” Scanning Envelope – 5 micron Resolution (small samples) – 225 kV and 320 kV Sources

  • Carbon Sequestration

– Seal Interaction with Carbonated Brine

  • Natural and Wellbore (Cement) Seals
  • Strength
  • Mineralization
  • Open/Close Pathways

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118

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Custom Industrial CT Scanner

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Visualization of Coal

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Future High Resolution Industrial CT Facility

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NETL Opportunities

  • Proposal Solicitations through Project Management

Center

  • Federal Employee
  • URS Contractor Employee
  • ORISE Student
  • Regional University Alliance (RUA)

– CMU, PSU, WVU, Pitt, VT

  • Minority Mentoring Internship Program (MMIP)
  • Student Career Experience Program (SCEP)
  • Mickey Leyland Internship Program

Paper # FEDSM2009 – 78118