OUTLINE Why is teenage childbearing a cause for concern? YAFS 4 as - - PDF document

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OUTLINE Why is teenage childbearing a cause for concern? YAFS 4 as - - PDF document

Sep 27, 2023 528 likes •697 views

Department of Healths 2014 National Summit Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales on Teen Pregnancy 22 April 2014 Childbearing in the teenage years: findings from the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study (YAFS 4)

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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 1

Childbearing in the teenage years: findings from the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study (YAFS 4)

Demographic Research & Development Foundation, Inc. University of the Philippines Population Institute

Josefina N. Natividad, ScD

Presented at the 2014 Teenage Pregnancy Summit 22-24 April 2014, Subic International Hotel

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

OUTLINE

  • Why is teenage childbearing a cause for

concern?

  • YAFS 4 as a source of data on teenage

childbearing

  • Some definitions
  • Trends in teenage childbearing
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SLIDE 2

Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 2

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

OUTLINE

  • The context of teenage childbearing:
  • Premarital sex among teens
  • Prevalent attitudes about premarital sex , premarital

conception and marriage

  • Levels of knowledge about conception
  • Self-assessed adequacy of knowledge about sex
  • Conclusions and recommendations

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Teenage mothers are at increased risk of pre-term delivery and low birth weight (Gordon, 2001, Kurth, et.al.,2010, Suwal, 2012, Eure et.al., 2002)

Why is teenage pregnancy a cause for concern ?

Also for maternal death, early neonatal death, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal endometritis, operative vaginal delivery ( Conde-Agudelo, 2005)

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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 3

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Why is teenage pregnancy a cause for concern ?

“….Risks are not specifically linked to the level of development

  • f a country’s health care system and the availability of

appropriate maternal care for very young pregnant women (Kurth, et.al., 2010) but are specific to the age group and its accompanying implication of biological immaturity for childbearing”. (Natividad,2013)

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Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Why is teenage pregnancy a cause for concern ?

A teenage mother is also exposed to non-health risks

  • Not finishing school
  • Limited future chances for realizing her full potential
  • Being burdened with child care while still a child

herself

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SLIDE 4

Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 4

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

What causes a high prevalence in teenage childbearing

  • It may result from culturally sanctioned practice of early

marriage and early marital childbearing

  • It may result from premarital intercourse and unintended

pregnancy

  • Both may be present at the same time

One exacerbating factor: Decreasing age at menarche

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Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

The Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study

  • A series of representative surveys on young adults

(age 15-24)

  • Conducted first in 1982 with a nationally

representative sample of women age 15-24

  • Other YAFS rounds had male and female samples,

representative at national and regional levels

  • Previous rounds in 1994 and 2002
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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 5

78 provinces 681 cities and

municipalities

17 regions

1,121

barangays

18,547

households

Coverage of YAFS 4

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Respondents in YAFS 4

  • 19,178 respondents
  • 11,425 15-19 y/o and 7,753 20-24 y/o
  • Among the 15-19 year olds:
  • 5773 are male
  • 5652 are female
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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 6

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TEENAGE FERTILITY

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Definition of teenage childbearing

Women aged 15-19 at the time of the survey who fulfilled either of the ff conditions:

  • had already given birth
  • were pregnant at the time of the survey
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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 7

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

The proportion of 15-19 year old females who have begun childbearing DOUBLED in the past decade

7.0 6.9 13.7

1994 2002 2013

Percent of females 15-19 who have begun childbearing

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Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

The percentage who have began childbearing increased at every age. The increase is most pronounced at ages 17, 18 and 19. The rate at age 15 has tripled in the past decade.

0.6 2.9 6.1 10.7 19.1 0.5 2.7 5.1 11.0 19.1 1.7 4.3 10.4 22.9 35.2

15 16 17 18 19 1994 2002 2013

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SLIDE 8

Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 8

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

The regions with the highest teenage childbearing rates are CAR, Region 2 and NCR. The regions with the lowest are Regions 4A, 5 and 8

13.6 18.4 18.1 17.7 17.3 16.7 16.3 15.1 15.1 13.7 13.1 13.0 12.7 12.3 11.8 11.8 8.8 8.1

Philippines CAR II NCR CARAGA XI IX VI III XII VII X I IV-B ARMM VIII V IV-A

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Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

The most common marital status of teenage mothers is “living in”. The percentage formally married has been decreasing . Over 1 in 10 teenage moms are never married.

5.6 47.7 44.9 1.8 7.3 33.4 57.1 2.1 13.5 18.0 65.3 3.2

never married Formally married Living in Others

1994 2002 2013

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SLIDE 9

Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 9

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Teenage moms are mostly high school undergraduates or high school graduates. The percentage with elementary education is

  • declining. 1 in 10 teenage moms has a college education.

31.9 33.5 24.6 10.0 24.0 43.2 25.3 7.5 17.7 35.7 36.8 9.8 None/elementary HS undergrad HS grad/vocational College+

1994 2002 2013

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Premarital sex has been increasing and the gender gap, narrowing

12.5 17.6 19.7 4.0 6.1 14.1 8.1 11.7 17.0 1994 2002 2013 Male Female All

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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 10

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

The regions with the highest prevalence of PMS are NCR, Regions 3 and 11. The lowest are Regions 12, 8 and ARMM

16.9 24.0 22.6 20.5 19.3 18.4 18.1 17.8 17.8 17.2 16.8 15.2 13.3 13.3 12.1 11.9 10.2 3.5

ALL NCR REGION III REGION XI REGION VII CARAGA REGION I REGION II REGION VI REGION IX REGION X CAR REGION IV-B REGION V REGION IV-A REGION XII REGION VIII ARMM

Percentage who ever had premarital sex among 15-19 year olds

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Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

There is very low percentage who used protection against pregnancy and or STIs during the first premarital sex.

23.0 32.5 26.6 7.7 11.9 12.4 21.1 23.9 21.0 1994 2002 2013 Male Female All

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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 11

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Teenage chilbearing and PMS prevalence are highly correlated ( unit of analysis=region) although there are outliers (e.g. CAR, ARMM)

All CAR 2 NCR CARAGA 11 9 6 3 12 7 10 1 4B ARMM 8 5 4A Teen childbearing PMS

Correlation coefficient = 0.574171

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Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Teenagers appear to be conservative in their views about premarital sex and the value of virginity before marriage

Male Female All Approve of women having sex before marriage 26.3 11.3 18.9 Approve of men having sex before marriage 34.7 15.8 25.3 Think it is not important for a woman to be a virgin before marriage 20.2 13.1 16.7

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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 12

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

But they are less conservative in their views on premarital conception and marriage

Male Female All If an unmarried woman gets pregnant, she should keep the baby even without marriage 55.8 76.6 66.1 If she got pregnant/got someone pregnant, he/she will not feel compelled to marry 28.2 40.6 34.3 Thinks society will accept a young unmarried mother 61.2 65.2 63.2 Thinks own family will accept a young unmarried mother 58.4 57.7 58.0

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

There is much room for improvement in the level of knowledge about conception.

Percent with correct knowledge Male Female All A woman can get pregnant from one unprotected sex (agree) 69.9 74.8 72.3 A girl can get pregnant before her first menstruation (disagree) 47.6 54.3 50.9 A woman can get pregnant anytime during her menstrual cycle (disagree) 33.6 36.6 35.1 A woman cannot get pregnant if her partner did not ejaculate (disagree) 35.3 31.2 33.3

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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 13

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

Most teenagers acknowledge their lack of knowledge about sex

20.4 27.1 24.0 17.2 19.7 17.4 18.7 23.3 20.8 1994 2002 2013 Male Female All

Percent who think they have enough knowledge about sex

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

There is very low percentage who said they discussed sex at home while they were growing up. This rate has declined over the past 20 years

10.9 13.2 8.7 18.4 16.7 9.0 14.7 15.0 8.9 1994 2002 2013 Male Female All

Percent who discussed sex at home while growing up

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SLIDE 14

Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 14

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

  • The narrowing of the gap in the prevalence of premarital

sexual (PMS) activity between young men and women, amidst increasing PMS prevalence in general, is likely a major contributor to the sharp increase in teenage fertility

  • Premarital conception does not lead to formal marriage.

Rather it leads to consensual union/ living in. This may be indicative of changing values about formal marriage in general, especially among the young.

CONCLUSIONS

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Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

  • While there is a prevalent conservative attitude

toward premarital sex, its consequence of premarital conception is not strongly condemned. There is no compulsion to formally marry after premarital pregnancy.

  • There is inadequate knowledge about conception
  • There is very little discussion of sex at home

CONCLUSIONS

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SLIDE 15

Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 15

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#YAFS4

Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

  • In crafting a response to the teenage pregnancy

program planners may consider the implications of

  • the seeming disparity in attitude toward

acceptability of premarital sex and of premarital pregnancy

  • the lack of adequate knowledge about conception
  • the absence of discussion about sex at home

RECOMMENDATIONS

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Demographic Research & Development Foundation  University of the Philippines Population Institute

RECOMMENDATIONS

  • The lifting of the TRO on the RH Law means

that a comprehensive sexuality education program can now be crafted and implemented

  • Programs to address teen fertility must also

take into account region-specific factors, while still keeping national goals in mind

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Department of Health’s “2014 National Summit

  • n Teen Pregnancy”

Subic International Hotel, Subic, Zambales 22 April 2014 University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) 16

Sexuality Study (YAFS4)

www.drdf.org.ph yafs4@drdf.org.ph www.facebook.com/yafs4

Young Adult Fertility &