Othe rne ss, Justic e a nd Jus Ge ntium : the le g a lly b inding - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Othe rne ss, Justic e a nd Jus Ge ntium : the le g a lly b inding va lue o f E a rth Cha rte r fo r the pro te c tio n o f huma n rig hts Ric a rdo L ib e l Wa ldma n 10th Annua l Co llo q uium o f the I UCN Ac a de my o f E nviro nme nta l L a w Unive rsity o f Ma ryla nd L a w Sc ho o l

I ntro duc tio n 1De fining jus g e ntium 2 Bub e r’ s dia lo g ic a l princ iple 3 Justic e a nd me e ting s 4 E a rth Cha rte r a s jus g e ntium Co nc lusio n

1 De fining jus g e ntium  Jus g e ntium is a fo rm o f la w whic h is de rive d fro m huma n re a so ning o n the re q uire me nts o f na tura l la w,  Na tura l la w o n its turn is fo rme d b y princ iple s tha t rule the func tio ning o f na ture inc luding huma n so c ia l na ture .

1 De fining jus g e ntium  T he re a re so me g o o ds whic h a re va lue d in a ny c ulture , if c o nside re d b y the mse lve s. T ho se a re : life , truth a nd c o mmunity.  F ro m this na tura l la w, huma n prude nc e re fle c ting o n histo ric a l e xpe rie nc e c a n de rive jus g e ntium princ iple s a nd rule s, e spe c ia lly in te rms o f inte rna tio na l e nviro nme nta l la w.

1 De fining jus g e ntium  T he me tho do lo g y use d to fo rmula te this so lutio n in a ma nne r a c c e pta b le to a ll is dia le c tic s (Aristo tle ). Dia le c tic s do e s no t pro duc e s unive rsa lly va lid re sults, re g a rdle ss o f who spe a ks, b ut a ssume s the a c c e pta b ility o f its re sults b a se d o n a ssumptio ns a c c e pte d b y inte rlo c uto rs.

1 De fining jus g e ntium  So if the pe o ple o f the e a rth a g re e , a s the y do , tha t na ture sho uld b e b e tte r ta ke n c a re o f, the re is no ne e d tha t the Go ve rnme nts a c c e pt fo rma lly a ll princ iple s a nd rule s re q uire d fo r do ing so .

1 De fining jus g e ntium  T his is no t just a the o re tic a l a rg ume nt b ut is c o nfirme d b y impo rta nt de c isio ns o n the inte rna tio na l le ve l, surprising ly a t WT O’ s Dispute Se ttle me t Bo dy (DSC):  Shrimp/ T urtle  E C-Bio te c h

1 De fining jus g e ntium  No w, this finding s o f the DSC c a n indic a te tha t the re is spa c e fo r the kind o f a rg ume nt he re de ve lo pe d, a t le a st if a c o nne c tio n b e twe e n jus g e ntium c o nc e pts a nd inte rna tio na l po sitive la w.  Wha t wo uld b e the c o nte nt o f e nviro nme nta l jus g e ntium ?

2 Bub e r’ s dia lo g ic a l princ iple  T he b a sis fo r le g a l a nd mo ra l e xpe rie nc e is the me e ting , the e nc o unte r, a nd the c o nse q ue nt re spo nsib ility fo r pro te c ting tho se tha t a re e nc o unte re d.  T his wha t Bub e r’ s dia lo g ic a l princ iple ta ke s us to c o nc lude .

2 Bub e r’ s dia lo g ic a l princ iple  Princ iple -wo rds:  Me -T ho u  Me -T his

2 Bub e r’ s dia lo g ic a l princ iple  Me -T ho u: de sc rib e s the re la tio n b e twe e n a huma n b e ing a nd a no the r e ntity whic h huma n b e ing re c o g nize s a s a n a b so lute , a s a n e xiste nc e tha t is no t a va ila b le fo r huma n kno wle dg e o r do mina tio n, a nd e xa c tly b e c a use o f this, a n e xiste nc e fo r whic h the huma n b e ing is re spo nsib le .  Me -T his:de sc rib e s a re la tio nship o f do mina tio n b e twe e n huma n b e ing a nd the e ntity to whic h re la te s. T his is a thing tha t huma n b e ing c a n c o me to kno w a nd to do mina te .

2 Bub e r’ s dia lo g ic a l princ iple  Me -T his:de sc rib e s a re la tio nship o f do mina tio n b e twe e n huma n b e ing a nd the e ntity to whic h re la te s. T his is a thing tha t huma n b e ing c a n c o me to kno w a nd to do mina te .  Bub e r sa id me n c a n re la te to the wo rld in a Me -T his fa shio n b ut the y c a nno t ha ve o nly this kind o f re la tio n to the wo rld

2 Bub e r’ s dia lo g ic a l princ iple  T he re a re thre e wa ys o f me e ting b e twe e n Me a nd T ho u, a c c o rding to Bub e r:  a ) huma ns a nd no n-huma n na ture :  b ) huma ns a nd huma ns:  c ) huma ns a nd the E te rna l:

3 Justic e a nd me e ting s  T urning fro m mo ra l philo so phy to le g a l philo so phy, tho se me e ting s a re the b a sis fo r the thre e fo rms o f Justic e me ntio ne d in E a rth Cha rte r a c c o rding to Bo sse lma nn, re spe c tive ly: a ) inte rspe c ie s justic e , b ) intra -g e ne ra tio na l justic e a nd c ) inte rg e ne ra tio na l justic e .

3 Justic e a nd me e ting s  I nte rspe c ie s justic e re spe c ts to pro te c ting a ll spe c ie s, no t o nly o urs to the e xte nt tha t the y a re a b so lute s a nd sho uld b e tre a te d a s suc h. We sho uld find wa ys to re la te to the m, tha t pre se rve s the inte g rity o f e c o syste ms a nd c a n b e the b a sis fo r the o the r kinds o f justic e s.

3 Justic e a nd me e ting s  I ntra -g e ne ra tio na l justic e re spe c ts to g iving huma n b e ing s living to da y wha t the y e ntitle d to so a s the c o mmo n g o o d is a tta ine d. Co mmo n g o o d is unde rsto o d a s wha t is re q uire d fo r a ll huma n b e ing s to flo urish, to de ve lo p a s huma n b e ing s.

3 Justic e a nd me e ting s  I nte rg e ne ra tio na l justic e re spe c ts to susta ining inde finite ly tho se c o nditio ns so a s to pro te c t ma nkind a s we kno w, wha t in it turn inc lude s the b ro a de r sc he me we re no n-huma n b e ing s a re inc lude d a s we ll a s huma n.

3 Justic e a nd me e ting s  I f the me e ting b e twe e n huma ns is the de e pe st b e c a use the y use la ng ua g e in dia lo g ue , the n la ng ua g e is a privile g e d lo c us fo r the me e ting . Dia le c tic s sho uld b e use d to de te rmine the spe c ific c o nte nt o f tho se dutie s.

4 E a rth Cha rte r a s jus g e ntium  A Pa c t o f inte rna tio na l e nviro nme nta l la w sho uld use la ng ua g e a nd dia lo g ue to pro mo te a re a l me e ting . A me e ting whe n pe o ple c a n dia lo g ue to find the so lutio n o f a pro b le m c o mmo n to a ll tha t a re o ffe ring a lte rna tive s.

4 E a rth Cha rte r a s jus g e ntium  T hus, in te rms o f inte rna tio na l la w, it is unde rsto o d tha t the re a l me e ting b e twe e n pe o ple s o nly o c c urs with a Pa c t tha t pre se nt a ssumptio ns a c c e pta b le b y a ll inte rlo c uto rs.

4 E a rth Cha rte r a s jus g e ntium  T he se pre mise s must b e c o nte nt c o mmitme nts with the inte re sts o f No rth a nd So uth, b ut b y c o nne c ting the m to justic e a nd huma n rig hts (to he a lth, wo rk, ho using , c ivil lib e rtie s, a nd o f c o urse a he a lthy e nviro nme nt).

4 E a rth Cha rte r a s jus g e ntium  I f the se a ssumptio ns a re a c c e pta b le , the finding s o f the a rg ume nt, whic h will b e dutie s o f justic e a re a lso a c c e pta b le .

4 E a rth Cha rte r a s jus g e ntium  T he E a rth Cha rte r e sta b lishing the duty o f "5. Pro te c t a nd re sto re the inte g rity o f the E a rth's e c o lo g ic a l syste ms, with spe c ia l c o nc e rn fo r b io lo g ic a l dive rsity a nd the na tura l pro c e sse s tha t suppo rt the life " a nd

4 E a rth Cha rte r a s jus g e ntium  "9. E ra dic a ting po ve rty a s a n e thic a l impe ra tive , so c ia l a nd e nviro nme nta l ", se e ms to e mb ra c e the a ssumptio ns ne c e ssa ry to pro duc e the a c c e ssio n o f a ll tho se invo lve d (BOSSE L MANN).

4 E a rth Cha rte r a s jus g e ntium  I n this se nse , a Pa c t suc h a s the E a rth Cha rte r, fo r its c o nte nt, c a n b e c o nside re d jus g e ntium, a fo rm o f la w whic h de rive s is va lidity fro m huma n re a so n in dia le c tic a l de b a te , a nd the re fo re do e s no t de pe nd o n a fo rma l a g re e me nt b e twe e n a ll tho se who a re spe c ific a lly a ffe c te d b y it.

Co nc lusio n  E a rth Cha rte rs princ iple s sho uld b e re spe c te d b y a ll a c to rs in I nte rna tio na l E nviro nme nta l L a w b e c a use it is jus g e ntium a fo rm o f la w g ro unde d o n its o wn ra tio na lity a s a c c e pte d in dia le c tic a l de b a te b a se d o n pre mise s g e ne ra lly a c c e pte d in te rms o f pro te c ting life a nd e nviro nme nt.