Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgias SW Thinning Kraft Pulp - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgias SW Thinning Kraft Pulp - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgias SW Thinning Kraft Pulp Resource Program Review Art J. Ragauskas Institute of Paper Science and Technology Optimizing the Pulping and Bleaching of Georgias SW Thinning Wood Resource: Background

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SLIDE 1

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Kraft Pulp Resource Program Review

Art J. Ragauskas Institute of Paper Science and Technology

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SLIDE 2

Optimizing the Pulping and Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Background

  • Georgia has the highest collection of non-industrial private forest

landowners (NIPF) in the nation

  • NIPF are a primary source of wood for many of Georgia’s pulp

mills.

  • NIPF owners have begun to utilize short-rotation management
  • ptions to improve the feasibility, profitability, and cash flow of

production forestry enterprises.

  • A valuable component in forestry management approaches is to cut

immature trees to stimulate growth/yield of the remaining trees

  • University of Georgia have demonstrated that thinning loblolly and

slash pine stands increased internal rate of return for NIPF landowners by 1½% (slash) to 2% (loblolly) over unthinned stands.

  • Hence economical factors will increase the availability of pine

thinnings for kraft pulping operations

  • Potential cost savings of 15 – 30%
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SLIDE 3

Optimizing the Pulping and Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Background

  • The performance of Georgia’s pine thinnings for bleached kraft pulps have not been

reported.

  • Literature results document differences in kraft pulping for thinnings versus mature wood

for: – Black, norway, radiate pine, red and white spruce – FY 2002 – 2003 GA TIP3 documented for GA SW Kraft – Wood (M:T)

  • Density: 1.00:1.04, Klason Lignin: 1:00:1.04, Glucose: 1:04:1:1.00

– Kraft Pulp (M vs.T)

  • Yield: 45.63 - 44.63, Kappa #: 24.2 – 27.4
  • Tensile Index: 88.2 – 89.6, Tear Index: 16.8 – 13.6 (after 4000 PFI rev)
  • Differences greater than some northern species
  • Experimental results between 40:60 and 60:40 blends of Thinning and Mature are very small

and would most likely not be observed in commercial practice

  • Need to quantify results after bleaching
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SLIDE 4

Optimizing the Pulping and Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Program/GA Mill Objectives

Research Program Objective: Assess the impact of SW thinnings for the production of bleached kraft pulp for Georgia’s pulp mill operations. FY 2002 – 03: Examined SW kraft pulps FY 2003 – 04: Examine ECF bleached SW kraft pulps

This program will provide Georgia’s pulp mills with valuable operational information so that they can manufacture a high-value, quality product at the lowest cost possible using the states pine wood thinnings at the completion of FY 2003 – 04 studies

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SLIDE 5

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Program/GA Mill Objectives

Experimental Objectives:

  • Kraft Cooking Process

Ratio of Thinnings:Mature Wood Employed

  • Conventional batch

100:0, 80:20, 40:60, 0:100

  • Simulated ITC

100:0, 60:40, 0:100 The kraft pulps will be bleached to TAPPI brightness ~85 via two bleaching sequences: OD(E+P+O)D D(E+P+O)DED

  • The partially bleached pulps will be analyzed for kappa number, viscosity, and TAPPI

brightness

  • The fully bleached pulps will be analyzed for optical, chemical, and physical strength

properties

  • Fully bleached pulps will also be PFI refined with 2000, and 4,000 revs and the physical

strength properties will be re-assessed at each point of refining

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SLIDE 6

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Experimental Protocol

OD(E+P+O)D O-Stage (Incoming brownstock kappa # 24-27) – 60 min, 100oC, 10% csc, 90 psig O2 – Caustic charge varied 1.0 – 1.8

  • preferred value ~1.5% NaOH to yield post-O kraft pulps with kappa # ~ 10
  • Do-Stage
  • 45 min, 50oC, 3.5% csc, Kf 0.25, terminal pH 2.1 – 2.3
  • (E+P+O)-Stage
  • 60 min, 75oC, 10% csc, 0.4% H2O2, initial O2:65 psig 15 min; then vent12 psig/5 min, %NaOH

50% of Kf

  • D1-Stage
  • 180 min, 75oC, 10% csc, ClO2 charge 0.5 – 2.0%, terminal pH 3
  • Final TAPPI Brightness Values ~ 87
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SLIDE 7

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

OD(E+P+O)D TAPPI Brightness Properties

Conventional ITC Mature 87.6 87.2 Thinning 87.2 87.5 60% Thin/40% Mature 87.4 40% Thin/60% Mature 87.3 80% Thin/20% Mature 87.7

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SLIDE 8

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

OD(E+O+P)D Fiber Properties: Fiber Length

Mature 60% Thinning Thinning

Length Weighted Weight Weighted

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00

FQA Length (mm)

ITC

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SLIDE 9

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

OD(E+O+P)D Fiber Properties: Fiber Length

Thinning 40% Thin 80% Thin. Mature

L e n g t h W e i g h t e d W e i g h t W e i g h t e d

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 FQA Length (mm)

Conventional

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SLIDE 10

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

OD(E+O+P)D Fiber Properties: Fines

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 % Fines (Arithemetic)

ITC:Mature ITC: 60% Thinning ITC: Thinning Thinning 40% Thin 80% Thin. Mature

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SLIDE 11

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

OD(E+O+P)D Fiber Properties: Fiber Charge

0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200 0.0250 0.0300

ITC:Mature ITC: 60% Thinning ITC: Thinning Thinning 40% Thin 80% Thin. Mature mmol Acid goup/gr pulp

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SLIDE 12

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

O(D+P+O)D Sheet Properties

ITC:Mature ITC 60% T ITC: Thin

2000 4000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Tensile Index (Nm/g) Revolutions

1 2 3

ITC:Mature ITC 60% T ITC: Thin

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Tear Index (mNm2/g)

2000 4000

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SLIDE 13

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

Sheet Properties: Conventional Kraft Pulps

Thin 80% T 40% T Mature O Revs 2000 revs 4000 revs 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Tensile Index

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SLIDE 14

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

Sheet Properties: Conventional Kraft Pulps

Thin 80% T 40% T Mature O Revs 2000 Revs 4000 Revs 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 TEA Index

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SLIDE 15

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

Sheet Properties: Conventional Kraft Pulps

1 2 3 Thin 80% T 40% T Mature 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Tear Index 2000 4000

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SLIDE 16

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Experimental Protocol

D(E+P+O)DED

  • D0-Stage (Incoming brownstock kappa # 24-27)

– K.f.:0.20, 45 min, 50oC, 3.5% csc, terminal pH: 1.8

  • (E+P+O)-Stage
  • 60 min, 90oC, 10% csc, 0.4% H2O2, initial O2:35 psig 15 min; then vent 12 psig/5

min, 3.2 %NaOH

  • D1-Stage
  • 180 min, 75oC, 10% csc, 1.0% ClO2, terminal pH 3
  • E-Stage
  • 60 min, 75oC, 10% csc, 0.5% NaOH, terminal pH 12
  • D2-Stage
  • 180 min, 75oC, 10% csc, 0.2% ClO2, terminal pH 3
  • Final TAPPI Brightness Values ~ 88
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SLIDE 17

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results D(E+P+O)DED TAPPI Brightness Properties

Conventional ITC Mature 87.8 88.1 Thinning 87.8 88.9 60% Thin/40% Mature 88.4 88.8 40% Thin/60% Mature 88.3 80% Thin/20% Mature 88.4

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SLIDE 18

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

Pulp Viscosity Properties (mPa.s)

Conventional D(EPO)DED ITC D(EPO)DED Mature 18.7 33.0 Thinning 23.0 21.3 60% Thin/40% Mature 21.6 24.7 40% Thin/60% Mature 22.1 80% Thin/20% Mature 23.1 Physical Strength Properties Evaluated After 0, 2000, and 4000 revs PFI refining

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SLIDE 19

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

D(E+O+P)DED Fiber Properties: Fiber Length

1 % T h i n n i n g 1 % M a t u r e 8 % T h i n n i n g / 2 % M a t u r e 6 % T h i n n i n g / 4 % M a t u r e 4 % T h i n n i n g / 6 % M a t u r e 1 % T h i n n i n g

  • I

T C C

  • k

s 1 % M a t u r e

  • I

T C C

  • k

s B l e n d

  • f

M a t u r e : T h i n n i n g

  • I

T C C

  • k

s

Length-Weighted Weight-Weighted

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 FQA Fiber Length/mm

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SLIDE 20

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

D(E+O+P)DED Fiber Properties: Tensile Index

100% Thinning

  • 1. 0 revs.
  • 2. 2,000revs.
  • 3. 4,000revs.

100%-Mature

  • 4. 0 revs.
  • 5. 2,000revs.
  • 6. 4,000revs.

80% Thinning/20% Mature

  • 7. 0 revs.
  • 8. 2,000revs.
  • 9. 4,000revs.

60% Thinning/40% Mature

  • 10. 0 revs.
  • 11. 2,000revs.
  • 12. 4,000revs.

40% Thinning/60% Mature

  • 13. 0 revs.
  • 14. 2,000revs.
  • 15. 4,000revs.

100% Thinning-ITC

  • 16. 0 revs.
  • 17. 2,000revs.
  • 18. 4,000revs.

100% Mature-ITC

  • 16. 0 revs.
  • 17. 2,000revs.
  • 18. 4,000revs.

60% Thin/40% Mature ITC

  • 19. 0 revs.
  • 20. 2,000revs.
  • 21. 4,000revs.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Tensile Index

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SLIDE 21

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

D(E+O+P)DED Fiber Properties: Burst Index

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Burst Index

1 % T h i n n i n g 1 . r e v s . 2 . 2 , r e v s . 3 . 4 , r e v s . 1 %

  • M

a t u r e 4 . r e v s . 5 . 2 , r e v s . 6 . 4 , r e v s . 8 % T h i n n i n g / 2 % M a t u r e 7 . r e v s . 8 . 2 , r e v s . 9 . 4 , r e v s . 6 % T h i n n i n g / 4 % M a t u r e 1 . r e v s . 1 1 . 2 , r e v s . 1 2 . 4 , r e v s . 4 % T h i n n i n g / 6 % M a t u r e 1 3 . r e v s . 1 4 . 2 , r e v s . 1 5 . 4 , r e v s . 1 % T h i n n i n g

  • I

T C 1 6 . r e v s . 1 7 . 2 , r e v s . 1 8 . 4 , r e v s . 1 % M a t u r e

  • I

T C 1 6 . r e v s . 1 7 . 2 , r e v s . 1 8 . 4 , r e v s . 6 % T h i n / 4 % M a t u r e I T C 1 9 . r e v s . 2 . 2 , r e v s . 2 1 . 4 , r e v s .

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SLIDE 22

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

D(E+O+P)DED Fiber Properties: Tear Index

5 10 15 20 25 Tear Index

1 % T h i n n i n g 1 . r e v s . 2 . 2 , r e v s . 3 . 4 , r e v s . 1 %

  • M

a t u r e 4 . r e v s . 5 . 2 , r e v s . 6 . 4 , r e v s . 8 % T h i n n i n g / 2 % M a t u r e 7 . r e v s . 8 . 2 , r e v s . 9 . 4 , r e v s . 6 % T h i n n i n g / 4 % M a t u r e 1 . r e v s . 1 1 . 2 , r e v s . 1 2 . 4 , r e v s . 4 % T h i n n i n g / 6 % M a t u r e 1 3 . r e v s . 1 4 . 2 , r e v s . 1 5 . 4 , r e v s . 1 % T h i n n i n g

  • I

T C 1 6 . r e v s . 1 7 . 2 , r e v s . 1 8 . 4 , r e v s . 1 % M a t u r e

  • I

T C 1 6 . r e v s . 1 7 . 2 , r e v s . 1 8 . 4 , r e v s . 6 % T h i n / 4 % M a t u r e I T C 1 9 . r e v s . 2 . 2 , r e v s . 2 1 . 4 , r e v s .

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SLIDE 23

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

D(E+O+P)DED Fiber Properties: Dry Zero Span

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Dry Zero Span

100% Thinning

  • 1. 0 revs.
  • 2. 2,000revs.
  • 3. 4,000revs.

100%-Mature

  • 4. 0 revs.
  • 5. 2,000revs.
  • 6. 4,000revs.

80% Thinning/20% Mature

  • 7. 0 revs.
  • 8. 2,000revs.
  • 9. 4,000revs.

60% Thinning/40% Mature

  • 10. 0 revs.
  • 11. 2,000revs.
  • 12. 4,000revs.

40% Thinning/60% Mature

  • 13. 0 revs.
  • 14. 2,000revs.
  • 15. 4,000revs.

100% Thinning-ITC

  • 16. 0 revs.
  • 17. 2,000revs.
  • 18. 4,000revs.

100% Mature-ITC

  • 16. 0 revs.
  • 17. 2,000revs.
  • 18. 4,000revs.

60% Thin/40% Mature ITC

  • 19. 0 revs.
  • 20. 2,000revs.
  • 21. 4,000revs.
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SLIDE 24

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource: Results

D(E+O+P)DED Fiber Properties: Wet Zero Span

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Wet Zero Span

1 % T h i n n i n g 1 . r e v s . 2 . 2 , r e v s . 3 . 4 , r e v s . 1 %

  • M

a t u r e 4 . r e v s . 5 . 2 , r e v s . 6 . 4 , r e v s . 8 % T h i n n i n g / 2 % M a t u r e 7 . r e v s . 8 . 2 , r e v s . 9 . 4 , r e v s . 6 % T h i n n i n g / 4 % M a t u r e 1 . r e v s . 1 1 . 2 , r e v s . 1 2 . 4 , r e v s . 4 % T h i n n i n g / 6 % M a t u r e 1 3 . r e v s . 1 4 . 2 , r e v s . 1 5 . 4 , r e v s . 1 % T h i n n i n g

  • I

T C 1 6 . r e v s . 1 7 . 2 , r e v s . 1 8 . 4 , r e v s . 1 % M a t u r e

  • I

T C 1 6 . r e v s . 1 7 . 2 , r e v s . 1 8 . 4 , r e v s . 6 % T h i n / 4 % M a t u r e I T C 1 9 . r e v s . 2 . 2 , r e v s . 2 1 . 4 , r e v s .

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SLIDE 25

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource

Conclusions:

  • Observe distinct differences in Thin. vs. Mature wood and

kraft pulp samples are maintained in fully bleached pulps

  • Trends observed for conventional kraft pulps observed in

continuous kraft

  • Differences in tensile vs. tear larger than some northern

species

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SLIDE 26

Optimizing the Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource

Conclusions:

  • Experimental results between 40:60 and 60:40 blends of

Thinning and Mature are very small and would most likely not be observed in commercial practice Depending on product grade thinnings will provide distinct cost saving with little impact on product performance

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SLIDE 27

Optimizing the Pulping and Bleaching of Georgia’s SW Thinning Wood Resource Acknowledgements GA TIP3