Optimal Break-Even Distance for Design of Microgrids Omar Hafez and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Optimal Break-Even Distance for Design of Microgrids Omar Hafez and Kankar Bhattacharya Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1 Eng.omar.h@gmail.com 1 10/30/2012 Outline

SLIDE 1

Optimal Break-Even Distance for Design

f Microgrids

Omar Hafez and Kankar Bhattacharya

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1 Eng.omar.h@gmail.com

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SLIDE 2

Outline

Introduction
Research Motivation
Objectives
Case study
Results
Conclusions

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SLIDE 3

Introduction

Microgrids with renewable energy resources are becoming attractive options to meet electricity demand in remote locations, because of:

Long distance between the nearest grid and rural

system

High cost of transmission line expansion
High oil prices
Desire to reduce CO2 emissions
Improve power quality

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SLIDE 4

The Microgrid

Microgrids are interconnection of DGs
With dispatchable generators (gas turbines, fuel cells)
Non-dispatchable generators (wind and solar PV)
Integrated with electrical and thermal energy storage
To meet customers’ local needs
Operate as a single system and small-scale
Provide both power and heat

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SLIDE 5

Motivation

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Cost of energy from conventional sources is typically

lower than that from renewable energy sources

However a supply-mix of renewables and diesel can

reduce overall cost of energy in a microgrid

There is a need to examine energy supply options in

microgrids and determine the optimal supply mix

– So that maximum benefits can be obtained from the design – To determine the optimal break-even distance for a micro- grid for isolated versus grid-connected mode of operation

SLIDE 6

Objectives

Optimal design of microgrids considering various

renewable energy technology options

– With realistic inputs on their physical, operating and economic characteristics

Determine the break-even distance for connection of

the microgrid with the main grid

– Compare that with the cost of an isolated microgrid

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SLIDE 7

Microgrid Using HOMER

Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable

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SLIDE 8

Test Case: Microgrid Components

Wind turbines
Solar PV array
Battery bank
Micro-Hydro turbines
Diesel generator
Dump load
Boiler
AC/DC converter

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SLIDE 9

Renewable Energy Resources

Solar radiation profile
Wind speed profile

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SLIDE 10

Case Studies: Microgrid Configurations

Case-1: Diesel Dependent Microgrid
Case-2: Renewable Based Microgrid

– Wind, solar PV, battery, micro-hydro, converter

Case-3: Diesel-Renewable Mixed Microgrid

– Diesel, wind, solar PV, battery, micro-hydro, converter

Case-4: Solar only Microgrid

– Solar PV, battery, converter

Case-5: Wind only Microgrid

– Wind, battery, converter

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SLIDE 11

Optimal Plan Configurations

Case-1: Diesel Dependent

Microgrid

Case-2: Renewable Based

Microgrid

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SLIDE 12

Optimal Plan Configurations…contd.

Case-3: Diesel-Renewable

Mixed Microgrid

Case-4: Solar only

Microgrid

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SLIDE 13

Optimal Plan Configurations…contd.

Case-5: Wind only Microgrid

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SLIDE 14

Comparing cost components & break- even distance

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Items Case-1 Case-2 Case-3 Case-4 Case-5 Net Present Cost, M$ 21.751 14.924 10.496 30.693 18.682 Levelized cost of energy, $/kWh 0.932 0.639 0.449 1.405 0.8 Operating Cost, M$/year 1.631 0.399 0.614 0.475 0.589 Break-even distance, km 918 579 359 1,363 766

SLIDE 15

Comparing Production

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Production, MWh/yr Component Case-1 Case-2 Case-3 Case-4 Case-5 Diesel Generator 1,825 (100%) 1,107.04 (46%) Solar PV 633.5 (9%) 3,800.8 (100%) Wind 5,962.4 (89%) 1,192.48 (49%) 11,924.8 (100%) Micro-Hydro 115 (2%) 115 (5%) Boiler 182.5 14.1 Renewable Energy Contribution 0% 100% 53.8% 99.6% 100% Total 2,007.5 6,710.84 2,414.51 3,814.9 11,924.8

SLIDE 16

Comparing consumption

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Consumption, MWh/yr Electrical Load Energy Served 1,825 1,824.87 1,825 1,707.4 1,824.97 Thermal Load Energy Served 182.5 182.5 182.5 182.5 182.5 Excess Energy to dump load 4,703.34 407.01 1,925 9,917.3 Unmet Energy 0.128 117.6 0.03

SLIDE 17

Emission Comparison

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Emissions, ton/yr Pollutant Case-1 Case-2 Case-3 Case-4 Case-5 Carbon dioxide 6004.76 3.67 1078.4 4.47 3.43 Carbon monoxide 14.82 2.649 Unburned hydrocarbons 1.64 0.293 Particulate matter 1.12 0.2 Sulfur dioxide 12.06 0.008 2.17 0.009 0.007 Nitrogen oxides 132.23 23.64

SLIDE 18

Effect of Distance from Grid: Optimal Break-even Distance

Case-1: Diesel Dependent

Microgrid

Case-2: Renewable Based

Microgrid

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SLIDE 19

Effect of Distance from Grid… contd.

Case-3: Diesel-Renewable

Mixed Microgrid

Case-4: Solar only Microgrid

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SLIDE 20

Effect of Distance from Grid… contd.

Case-5: Wind only Microgrid

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SLIDE 21

Concluding Remarks

The diesel-renewable mixed microgrid (Case-3) has

the lowest NPC which results in the shortest break- even distance of 359 kms

The break-even grid extension distance plays a

significant role in microgrid design

The microgrid located beyond its break-even distance

local generation is the economical and optimal option

HOMER is found to be an useful tool for microgrid

planning and design

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SLIDE 22

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