On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) II Regulatory Update Mobile Source - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) II Regulatory Update Mobile Source - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) II Regulatory Update Mobile Source Control Division California Air Resources Board April 25, 2002 Sacramento, California Page 1 of 33 OBD II Background Adopted in 1989 On every 1996 and newer vehicle.

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SLIDE 1

On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) II Regulatory Update

Mobile Source Control Division California Air Resources Board

April 25, 2002 Sacramento, California

Page 1 of 33

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SLIDE 2

OBD II Background

  • Adopted in 1989
  • On every 1996 and newer vehicle.
  • Monitors virtually every emission related

component

  • Illuminates warning light and stores fault info

for repair technicians

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 2 of 33

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SLIDE 3

Status of OBD II

  • On 100 million vehicles in the U.S.
  • Over 3 trillion miles covered
  • Feedback indicates program is working

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 3 of 33

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SLIDE 4

Percentage of Cars With High Mileage

44% 27% 17%

60% 50% 41%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

%

1995 2001

>100k >125k >150k Odometer miles

Page 4 of 33

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SLIDE 5

LEV II and OBD II Programs

  • LEV II program targets near zero fleet

emissions for useful life (120k miles)

  • Certification and In-Use Compliance

programs verify useful life standards

  • OBD II program targets high mileage

vehicles beyond useful life

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 5 of 33

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SLIDE 6

Reasons for Proposed Changes

  • Keep pace with technology
  • Areas for improvement
  • Proper OBD II performance is critical for I/M
  • Stronger enforcement needed

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 6 of 33

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SLIDE 7

Outline

  • Technical requirements/revisions
  • Revisions affecting I/M and repair

technicians

  • Malfunction thresholds
  • Enforcement strengthening

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 7 of 33

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SLIDE 8

NOx Catalyst Monitoring

  • Currently, only HC conversion efficiency

monitored

  • LEV II program requires 75% NOx reduction

from LEV I program

  • NOx conversion efficiency now needs to be

monitored

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 8 of 33

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SLIDE 9

NOx Catalyst Monitoring Proposal

  • Phase-in for LEV II vehicles
  • 2007 and subsequent model years
  • 1.75 x HC or NOx standard (2.5x for SULEVs)
  • 2005 and 2006 model years
  • 3.5 x NOx standard
  • Will refine existing catalyst monitoring

approach

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 9 of 33

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SLIDE 10

“Cold Start Strategy” and Secondary Air System Monitoring

  • Most emissions occur at cold start
  • Many emission control components and strategies

affect catalyst warm-up

  • Propose monitoring during warm-up
  • 2006-2008 phase-in

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 10 of 33

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SLIDE 11

Additional Technical Revisions

  • Diesel catalyst and particulate matter (PM) trap

monitoring

  • Misfire monitoring
  • Variable valve timing (VVT)
  • Most changes required for 2005 and newer

vehicles.

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 11 of 33

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SLIDE 12

Outline

  • Technical requirements/revisions
  • Revisions affecting I/M and repair

technicians

  • Malfunction thresholds
  • Enforcement strengthening

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 12 of 33

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SLIDE 13

Standardization changes

  • OBD II standardization requirements
  • Scan tool communication, connector, fault

codes, etc.

  • Necessary in I/M
  • Help technicians make effective repairs

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 13 of 33

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SLIDE 14

Changes to help I/M programs

  • EPA requires OBD II system in state I/M programs
  • Improvements include:
  • Electronic VIN
  • Readiness status
  • Connector location

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 14 of 33

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SLIDE 15

Communication Protocol

  • Scan tools talk to vehicles via standardized

protocols

  • Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol
  • allowed in 2003 and required in 2008
  • More data at faster rates
  • Phase-out of current protocols
  • Heavy-duty/medium duty communication

protocol (J1939)

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 15 of 33

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SLIDE 16

Verification of Standardized Requirements

  • Testing of production vehicles
  • Verify compliance with standardized features

necessary for I/M testing

  • Required for 2005 and newer vehicles

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 16 of 33

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SLIDE 17

Outline

  • Technical requirements/revisions
  • Revisions affecting I/M and repair

technicians

  • Malfunction thresholds
  • Enforcement strengthening

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 17 of 33

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SLIDE 18

Monitoring Thresholds

  • Major OBD II monitors calibrated to

1.5 x standard

  • Industry wants higher levels for LEV II

program vehicles

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 18 of 33

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SLIDE 19

Monitoring Thresholds (cont.)

  • LEV II/ULEV II standards do not necessitate less

stringent thresholds

  • Proposed thresholds necessary to achieve LEV II

emission benefits

  • Production vehicles already meet requirements
  • Flexibility to revise thresholds if necessary

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 19 of 33

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SLIDE 20

SULEV Monitoring Thresholds

  • Proposed SULEV threshold of 2.5 x standard
  • Accounts for current emission measurement

technology

  • Allows same levels of individual component

deterioration as ULEV I

  • Three manufacturers selling SULEVs meeting

these thresholds

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 20 of 33

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SLIDE 21

NMOG Threshold

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 8.3 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0

Threshold x Standard Standard Staff Proposed Threshold Industry Threshold ULEV I ULEV II SULEV

Emission Standard

Page 21 of 33

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SLIDE 22

NOx Threshold

Threshold x Standard

25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0

1.5 1.5 1.5 6.4 2.5 22.5

ULEV I ULEV II SULEV

Emission Standard

Emission Standard Staff Proposed Threshold Industry Threshold

Page 22 of 33

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SLIDE 23

Cost Effectiveness of Thresholds

  • Proposed thresholds are cost-effective:
  • ~ $5 per pound for 120k-230k miles
  • Includes costs to consumers and the emission benefit
  • Industry’s proposed thresholds:
  • $4.75 to $6.50 per pound
  • nearly 9 tons per day fewer emission reductions

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 23 of 33

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SLIDE 24

Outline

  • Technical requirements/revisions
  • Revisions affecting I/M and repair

technicians

  • Malfunction thresholds
  • Enforcement strengthening

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 24 of 33

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SLIDE 25

OBD II-Specific Enforcement

  • Enforcement testing since 1994 model year
  • Enforced under OBD II and tailpipe procedures
  • Existing procedures not adequate

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 25 of 33

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SLIDE 26

OBD II Compliance and Enforcement Three Major Improvements

  • Increase in required testing
  • Standardized method for measuring in-use

performance

  • OBD II-specific enforcement procedures

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 26 of 33

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SLIDE 27

Production Vehicle Evaluation

  • Monitoring Requirements
  • Identify defects early
  • Every diagnostic tested
  • Testing early in production

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 27 of 33

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SLIDE 28

Production Vehicle Evaluation

  • Standardization Requirements
  • Ensure vehicles properly communicate

OBD II information

  • Development of “Gold Standard” test

equipment

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 28 of 33

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SLIDE 29

Monitoring Frequency

  • Standardize method to measure frequency
  • Software tracks how often monitoring occurs
  • Minimum frequency equates to detection within

two weeks

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 29 of 33

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SLIDE 30

Enforcement Regulation

  • Section 1968.5 is OBD II specific enforcement

procedures

  • Detailed enforcement procedures to be followed by

staff

  • Addresses shortcomings of using tailpipe

procedures

  • Applies to 2004 and subsequent model years

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 30 of 33

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SLIDE 31

Enforcement Procedures/Criteria

  • Establishes specific testing procedures
  • Defines sampling and testing procedures
  • Defines criteria for determining compliance
  • Eliminates provision to offset OBD II non-compliance

with “over-compliance” on tailpipe emissions

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 31 of 33

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SLIDE 32

Enforcement -Remedial Action

  • Criteria to determine appropriate remedial action
  • Remedial action varies from nothing up to recall and

fines

  • Mandatory recall if a major monitor is non-functional

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 32 of 33

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SLIDE 33

Summary

  • LEV II program fleet has near zero emissions.
  • Fleet must be maintained at near zero emissions for

entire life

  • Proposed changes are feasible and necessary
  • Proposed enforcement regulation necessary for an

effective OBD II program

California Environmental Protection Agency

Air Resources Board

Page 33 of 33