Off-Road Transport of Pinyon/Juniper by John Klepac and Bob Rummer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Off-Road Transport of Pinyon/Juniper by John Klepac and Bob Rummer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Off-Road Transport of Pinyon/Juniper by John Klepac and Bob Rummer USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station Auburn, Alabama 2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC Outline Background Study site and operation

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Off-Road Transport of Pinyon/Juniper

by John Klepac and Bob Rummer USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station Auburn, Alabama

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

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Outline

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

  • Background
  • Study site and operation
  • Study methods
  • Results
  • Costs
  • Conclusions
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Background

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

  • Over the last 150 years PJ woodlands have expanded tenfold and occupy

60M acres (Miller and Tuasch, 2001)

  • Increase in density per acre and expansion of range of species
  • Typical treatments for restoring ecological values – burning, lop-and-scatter,

and firewood utilization

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Potential Biomass Resource

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

  • PJ accounts for about 1/3 of available woody biomass

(7.5 to 11.5M dry tons per year) in the western US (Skog et al. 2008)

  • More than any other single woody feedstock in the region
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Barriers to Realizing Potential Utilization

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

1) Reducing cost of harvest and processing 2) Finding conversion processes that are compatible with

properties of this material

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Historical Data

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

1) Felling, skidding, and chipping PJ - $70/dry ton

(Western Governor’s Association Report)

2) Grapple skidder and front-end loader – 6 green tons/hr at

$7/green ton (Baughman, 2004)

3) Grapple skidders working in western juniper in Oregon -

3.8 to 4.9 green tons/hr at $11.50/ton (The Yankee Group)

4) Felling, skidding , and delimbing JUOS - $30 to $60/green ton

at 450 ft (Dodson, 2010)

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Objective of Project

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Evaluate the performance, productivity, and cost of a large capacity forwarder moving PJ biomass from a woodland restoration treatment to a landing.

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Forwarder Operation

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Travel empty – Bunk first

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Forwarder Operation

2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Methods (Travel distances)

  • Travel empty
  • Intermediate travel
  • Travel loaded

Garmin V GPS

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Methods (Time Study Analysis – Timer Pro)

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Methods (Modeling of Elements)

  • General Linear Models Procedure (GLM)

(SAS Institute Inc., 1988)

  • Travel time = f(dist)
  • Load and unload time = f(swings, pieces)
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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Methods (Soil Survey)

  • Point transect method

(McMahon, 1995)

  • 50 x 20 ft grid
  • 5 disturbance classes
  • Undisturbed
  • Trafficked w/litter in place
  • Trafficked w/mineral soil exposed
  • Dragged
  • Deeply disturbed
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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Results (Elemental Times)

  • 32% traveling
  • 54% loading
  • 14% unloading

10 20 30 40 50 60 Travel empty Load

  • Int. travel

Travel loaded Unload Move unload

Percent Element

Percent of Total Cycle Time

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Treated Area

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Cost Summary

$/acre 0.42 ac/hr $218/acre Cost = $91.53/PMH $/green ton 12.1 tons/hr $7.56/ton

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Results (Productivity)

7.00 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 $/green ton Total distance (ft)

Ponsse Forwarder

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Conclusions

  • Forwarder concept is a relatively simple approach to reducing extraction costs
  • Loading time was dominate
  • Bunching material could enhance productivity and reduce

cost per ton, but comes at the cost of felling productivity

  • Forwarder is less sensitive to extraction distance which allows treatments over

larger units with fewer roads and landings

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

  • Bloomin Ranch Service/Southern Utah Biomass Organization
  • Bureau of Land Management – Cedar City Field Office
  • Miller Timber Services, Inc.
  • Ponsse

Acknowledgements

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2012 Annual COFE Meeting, September 9-12, New Bern, NC

Thank You!