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O v e r v i e w C h a r g e d L e p t o n F l - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The COMET Experiment: Searching for Muon- to-Electron Conversion B e n K r i k l e r t h 9 Ma r c h 2 0 1 6 P r e s e n t e d a t U n i v e r s i t y o f B i r m i n g h a m O v e r v i


slide-1
SLIDE 1

The COMET Experiment:

B e n K r i k l e r 9

t h

Ma r c h 2 1 6

P r e s e n t e d a t U n i v e r s i t y

  • f

B i r m i n g h a m

Searching for Muon- to-Electron Conversion

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SLIDE 2

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2

O v e r v i e w

C h a r g e d L e p t

  • n

F l a v

  • u

r V i

  • l

a t i

  • n

B

  • u

n d m u

  • n

s a n d t h e

μ-

e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

p r

  • c

e s s H

  • w

t

  • b

u i l d a s e n s i t i v e

μ-

e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

e x p e r i m e n t ( C O ME T ) C O ME T S t a t u s a n d R & D

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SLIDE 3

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3

Charged Lepton Flavour Violation

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SLIDE 4

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4

Mu

  • n

D e c a y

C

  • n

s e r v a t i

  • n
  • f

L e p t

  • n

F l a v

  • u

r :

1 m u

  • n

1 m u

  • n
  • n

e u t r i n

e l e c t r

  • n

s 1 e l e c t r

  • n

+ 1 a n t i e l e c t r

  • n
  • n

e u t r i n

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SLIDE 5

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5

Mu

  • n

D e c a y + N e u t r i n

  • O

s c i l l a t i

  • n

s

1 m u

  • n

1 e l e c t r

  • n

→ N

  • u

t g

  • i

n g n e u t r i n

  • s

B U T : w

  • u

l d n

  • t

c

  • n

s e r v e e n e r g y a n d m

  • m

e n t u m

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SLIDE 6

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6

N

  • u

t g

  • i

n g n e u t r i n

  • s

A t

  • m

i c n u c l e u s : c

  • n

s e r v e e n e r g y a n d m

  • m

e n t u m V i

  • l

a t e s c

  • n

s e r v a t i

  • n
  • f

C h a r g e d L e p t

  • n

F l a v

  • u

r

Mu

  • n

t

  • E

l e c t r

  • n

C

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

v i a N e u t r i n

  • O

s c i l l a t i

  • n
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SLIDE 7

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7

N

  • u

t g

  • i

n g n e u t r i n

  • s

A t

  • m

i c n u c l e u s : c

  • n

s e r v e e n e r g y a n d m

  • m

e n t u m V i

  • l

a t e s c

  • n

s e r v a t i

  • n
  • f

C h a r g e d L e p t

  • n

F l a v

  • u

r

Mu

  • n

t

  • E

l e c t r

  • n

C

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

v i a N e u t r i n

  • O

s c i l l a t i

  • n

G I M S u p r e s s e d

C

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

R a t e :

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SLIDE 8

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 8

P r e d i c t e d i n m a n y B e y

  • n

d t h e S t a n d a r d M

  • d

e l t h e

  • r

i e s R a t e i s m

  • d

e l d e p e n d e n t

Mu

  • n

t

  • E

l e c t r

  • n

C

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

B e y

  • n

d t h e S t a n d a r d Mo d e l

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SLIDE 9

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 9

C

  • m

p l e m e n t a r i t y w i t h O t h e r M u

  • n

L F V C h a n n e l s

μ-

e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

a g a i n s t a t

  • m

i c e l e c t r

  • n

s

R e p l a c e q u a r k i n n u c l e u s w i t h a t

  • m

i c e l e c t r

  • n

( a t C O M E T ? )

Mu

  • n

t

  • e

l e c t r

  • n

+ g a m m a

E m i s s i

  • n
  • f

a p h

  • t
  • n

ME G e x p e r i m e n t a t P S I L a s t p u b l i s h e d 2 1 3 U p g r a d e t

  • b

e g i n r u n n i n g s h

  • r

t l y

M u

  • n

t

  • t

h r e e e l e c t r

  • n

s

M u 3 e e x p e r i m e n t a t P S I

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SLIDE 10

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1

μ

e g a m m a v s →

μ-

e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

R e l a t i v e s e n s i t i v i t y i n

μ-

e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

a n d

μ-

e g a m m a i s m

  • d

e l d e p e n d e n t H i g h l y c

  • m

p l e m e n t a r y s e a r c h e s

P h

  • t
  • n

i c F

  • u

r

  • f

e r m i c

  • n

t a c t . 1 . 1 1 1 1 ME G S I N D R U M- I I C O ME T

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SLIDE 11

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 1

μ

e g a m m a v s →

μ-

e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

R e l a t i v e s e n s i t i v i t y i n

μ-

e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

a n d

μ-

e g a m m a i s m

  • d

e l d e p e n d e n t H i g h l y c

  • m

p l e m e n t a r y s e a r c h e s

. 1 . 1 1 1 1 ME G S I N D R U M- I I C O ME T

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SLIDE 12

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 2

Bound Muon Physics and the µ-e Conversion Process

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SLIDE 13

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 3

B

  • u

n d Mu

  • n

s

M u

  • n

N u c l e a r C a p t u r e

E l e c t r

  • m

a g n e t i c c a s c a d e t

  • t

h e g r

  • u

n d s t a t e

  • r

b i t a l

B

  • u

n d M u

  • n

D e c a y M u

  • n

t

  • E

l e c t r

  • n

C

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

E v e r y t h i n g s t a r t s b y s t

  • p

p i n g m u

  • n

s a r

  • u

n d a n u c l e u s

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SLIDE 14

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 4

Mu

  • n

L i f e t i m e

D e c a y p a r t i a l l i f e t i m e

I n c r e a s e s w i t h Z B

  • u

n d m u

  • n

m

  • m

e n t u m i n c r e a s e s T i m e d i l a t i

  • n

C a p t u r e p a r t i a l l i f e t i m e

I n c

  • h

e r e n t G r

  • w

s ⇒ l i n e a r l y w i t h Z E v e n t u a l l y m u

  • n

c

  • m

p l e t e l y c

  • n

t a i n e d i n n u c l e u s l e v e l s ⇒

  • u

t

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SLIDE 15

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 5

B

  • u

n d Mu

  • n

D e c a y

Ma x i m u m e n e r g y f

  • r

e l e c t r

  • n

s f r

  • m

f r e e m u

  • n

d e c a y = H a l f

  • f

m u

  • n

m a s s B

  • u

n d d e c a y a r

  • u

n d n u c l e u s

E n d

  • p
  • i

n t c l

  • s

e t

  • m

u

  • n

m a s s V e r y s t e e p l y f a l l i n g s p e c t r u m a b

  • v

e 6 M e V

T h e

  • r

e t i c a l u n c e r t a i n t y

  • n

s p e c t r u m f r

  • m

i n i t i a l m u

  • n

w a v e f u n c t i

  • n

N

  • a

c c u r a t e m e a s u r e m e n t a t t h e e n d p

  • i

n t

C z a r n e c k i e t a l . 2 1 1 D O I : 1 . 1 1 3 / P h y s R e v D . 8 4 . 1 3 6

H i g h E n e r g y t a i l u p t

  • e

μ c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

s i g n a l e n e r g y ( 1 5 M e V )

B

  • u

n d m u

  • n

d e c a y F r e e m u

  • n

d e c a y

F r e e m u

  • n

d e c a y e n d p

  • i

n t B

  • u

n d m u

  • n

d e c a y e n d p

  • i

n t

2 4 6 8 1

E l e c t r

  • n

e n e r g y ( M e V )

2 4 6 8 1

E l e c t r

  • n

e n e r g y ( M e V )

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SLIDE 16

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 6

Mu

  • n

N u c l e a r C a p t u r e

N u c l e a r c a p t u r e d u m p s a b

  • u

t 5 Me V i n t

  • n

u c l e u s O f t e n f

  • l

l

  • w

e d b y p a r t i c l e e m i s s i

  • n

:

P h

  • t
  • n

s , n e u t r

  • n

s P r

  • t
  • n

s , d e u t e r

  • n

s , a l p h a s

P r

  • d

u c t s

  • f

m u

  • n

c a p t u r e

  • n

A l u m i n i u m a r e n

  • t

w e l l k n

  • w

n H a d t

  • m

e a s u r e t h i s ( A l C a p e x p e r i m e n t )

P r

  • t
  • n

e m i s s i

  • n

s p e c t r u m a b

  • v

e 4 M e V

P h y . R e v . C 2 ( 1 9 7 9 ) 1 8 7 3

  • 1

8 7 7

I n c l u s i v e E m i s s i

  • n
  • f

c h a r g e d p a r t i c l e s f r

  • m

c a p t u r e

  • n

s i l i c

  • n

S

  • b
  • t

t k a , Wi l l s , P R L 1 9 6 7

P r

  • t
  • n

a n d a l p h a e m i s s i

  • n

p e r m u

  • n

c a p t u r e

Wy t t e n b a c h e t a l . N u c . P h y s . 1 9 7 8

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SLIDE 17

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 7

A l C a p : A l u m i n i u m C a p t u r e

  • f

Mu

  • n

s

A . E d m

  • n

d s

J

  • i

n t e f

  • r

t b e t w e e n M u 2 e a n d C O M E T 3 r u n s a t P a u l S c h e r r e r I n s t i t u t e f r

  • m

2 1 3 t

  • 2

1 5 S t u d y i n g c h a r g e d a n d n e u t r a l p a r t i c l e s e m i t t e d f

  • l

l

  • w

i n g m u

  • n

c a p t u r e

  • n

a l u m i n i u m

P R E L I MI N A R Y

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SLIDE 18

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 8

Mu

  • n

t

  • E

l e c t r

  • n

C

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

C h a r g e d L e p t

  • n

F l a v

  • u

r V i

  • l

a t i

  • n

: N u c l e u s i s u n c h a n g e d , p r

  • c

e s s i s c

  • h

e r e n t : O n A l u m i n i u m , u s e d b y C O M E T : T y p i c a l l y d e i n e t h e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

r a t e a s : C u r r e n t l i m i t f r

  • m

S I N D R U M

  • I

I ( 9 % C . L )

  • n

G

  • l

d :

S M Mu

  • n

D e c a y

B a c k g r

  • u

n d S i g n a l

S i g n a l ( C . R . = 3 e

  • 1

5 ) v s . B

  • u

n d M u

  • n

D e c a y

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SLIDE 19

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 1 9

Designing the COMET Experiment

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SLIDE 20

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2

C O ME T :

Mu

  • n

B e a m E l e c t r

  • n

S p e c t r

  • m

e t e r A l u m i n i u m S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e t D e t e c t

  • r

P h a s e

  • I

I

C O h e r e n t Mu

  • n

t

  • E

l e c t r

  • n

T r a n s i t i

  • n

s

C O M E T S i n g l e

  • E

v e n t

  • S

e n s i t i v i t y : P h a s e

  • I

= P h a s e

  • I

I = P r e s e n t l i m i t s b y S I N D R U M

  • I

I ( 2 6 ) :

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SLIDE 21

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 1

C O ME T a t J

  • P

A R C

C O ME T

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SLIDE 22

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 2

M u

  • n

b e a m S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e tS i g n a l E l e c t r

  • n

s

A c h i e v i n g H i g h S e n s i t i v i t y

Ma n y s t

  • p

p e d m u

  • n

s H i g h s i g n a l a c c e p t a n c e F e w e r t h a n 1 e x p e c t e d b a c k g r

  • u

n d e v e n t s d u r i n g t h e r u n

I n t e n s e , l

  • w
  • e

n e r g y m u

  • n

b e a m a t t h e t a r g e t L

  • w

d e t e c t

  • r
  • c

c u p a n c y L

  • w

m a t e r i a l b u d g e t ( S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e t a n d D e t e c t

  • r

)

O v e r a l l G

  • a

l s D e s i g n C

  • n

s i d e r a t i

  • n

s

S M Mu

  • n

D e c a y

B a c k g r

  • u

n d S i g n a l

S i g n a l ( C . R . = 3 e

  • 1

5 ) v s . B

  • u

n d M u

  • n

D e c a y

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SLIDE 23

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 3

C O ME T : P h a s e

  • I

I

3m Pion Capture Section Detector Section Pion Decay and Muon Transport Section

Stopping Target

Muons Pions

Production Target

Protons Electrons

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SLIDE 24

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 4

B e a m l i n e c

  • r

d i n a t e s y s t e m

D i s t a n c e a l

  • n

g b e a m l i n e C u r v e d s e c t i

  • n

s a p p e a r s t r a i g h t

T h e C O ME T B e a m l i n e

Y Z X

P r

  • d

u c t i

  • n

T a r g e t H e i g h t A b

  • v

e B e a m l i n e ( m m ) T

  • r

u s 1 T

  • r

u s 2 S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e t E l e c t r

  • n

S p e c t r

  • m

e t e r D e t e c t

  • r
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SLIDE 25

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 5

A n I n t e n s e Mu

  • n

B e a m b u t F e w B a c k g r

  • u

n d s

3m Pion Capture Section Pion Decay and Muon Transport Section

Stopping Target

Muons Pions

Production Target

Protons Elec

S i g n a l E l e c t r

  • n

s 8 G e V p r

  • t
  • n

b e a m a t 5 6 k W B e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d i e l d + c

  • m

p e n s a t i n g d i p

  • l

e i e l d s + c

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

s A c t i v e l y C

  • l

e d T u n g s t e n T a r g e t i n 5 T S u p e r c

  • n

d u c t i n g S

  • l

e n

  • i

d a l F i e l d C a p t u r e b a c k w a r d s g

  • i

n g p i

  • n

s

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SLIDE 26

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 6

A n I n t e n s e Mu

  • n

B e a m b u t F e w B a c k g r

  • u

n d s

3m Pion Capture Section Pion Decay and Muon Transport Section

Stopping Target

Muons Pions

Production Target

Protons Elec

S i g n a l E l e c t r

  • n

s 8 G e V p r

  • t
  • n

b e a m a t 5 6 k W B e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d i e l d + c

  • m

p e n s a t i n g d i p

  • l

e i e l d s + c

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

s A c t i v e l y C

  • l

e d T u n g s t e n T a r g e t i n 5 T S u p e r c

  • n

d u c t i n g S

  • l

e n

  • i

d a l F i e l d C a p t u r e b a c k w a r d s g

  • i

n g p i

  • n

s M a g n i t u d e

  • f

M a g n e t i c F i e l d ( T )

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SLIDE 27

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 7

  • C

y l i n d r i c a l i e l d l i n e s

  • R

a d i a l g r a d i e n t i n m a g n e t i c i e l d

  • L

i n e a r i e l d l i n e s

  • U

n i f

  • r

m B i e l d

C i r c u l a r m

  • t

i

  • n

a b

  • u

t i e l d l i n e s C i r c u l a r m

  • t

i

  • n

a b

  • u

t a d r i f t i n g c e n t r e :

B e n t S

  • l

e n

  • i

d D r i f t s

  • L

i n e a r i e l d l i n e s

  • U

n i f

  • r

m B i e l d

C i r c u l a r m

  • t

i

  • n

a b

  • u

t i e l d l i n e s

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SLIDE 28

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 8

B e n t S

  • l

e n

  • i

d D r i f t s

R e m

  • v

e h i g h m

  • m

e n t u m m u

  • n

s a n d p i

  • n

s M a i n t a i n l

  • w

m

  • m

e n t u m m u

  • n

s

Mu

  • n

s S t

  • p

p i n g i n t h e T a r g e t H i g h Mo m e n t u m Mu

  • n

s

C

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

s N

  • t

I n c l u d e d

Y Z X

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SLIDE 29

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 2 9

B e n t S

  • l

e n

  • i

d D r i f t s

H i g h m

  • m

e n t u m p a r t i c l e s d r i f t d

  • w

n m

  • r

e t h a n l

  • w

m

  • m

e n t u m p a r t i c l e s A d d i t i

  • n

a l t u n a b l e d i p

  • l

e i e l d C a n s e l e c t w h i c h m

  • m

e n t a r e m a i n

  • n
  • a

x i s

A t E n t r a n c e B e n t S

  • l

e n

  • i

d A t E x i t

  • f

B e n t S

  • l

e n

  • i

d

( G e a n t 4 S i m u l a t i

  • n

)

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SLIDE 30

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3

D i p

  • l

e s a n d C

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

s

R e m

  • v

e h i g h m

  • m

e n t u m m u

  • n

s a n d p i

  • n

s M a i n t a i n l

  • w

m

  • m

e n t u m m u

  • n

s

Mu

  • n

s S t

  • p

p i n g i n t h e T a r g e t H i g h Mo m e n t u m Mu

  • n

s

Wi t h C

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

s I n c l u d e d

Y Z X

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SLIDE 31

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 1

P u l s e d P r

  • t
  • n

B e a m R e d u c e s B a c k g r

  • u

n d s

M u

  • n

l i f e t i m e

  • n

A l u m i n i u m : 8 6 4 n s P u l s e d b e a m r e m

  • v

e s b e a m

  • r

e l a t e d b a c k g r

  • u

n d s , t y p i c a l l y u p t

  • 2

n s F e w p r

  • t
  • n

s b e t w e e n p u l s e s a s p

  • s

s i b l e : E x t i n c t i

  • n

f a c t

  • r

: A i m i n g f

  • r

1

  • 9

H a v e a c h i e v e d 1

  • 1

2

a t 8 G e V b e a m e n e r g y

0.5 1.0

Time (µs) Number of Particles

1.5 2.0

Proton Pulse Beam Flash Background Electrons Signal Electrons

P r

  • t
  • n

s b u n c h a r r i v e s B e a m l a s h i n d e t e c t

  • r

P r

  • t
  • n

s i n b e t w e e n b u n c h e s c a n p r

  • d

u c e b a c k g r

  • u

n d s

D e t e c t

  • r

A c t i v e

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SLIDE 32

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 2

P h a s e

  • I

I D e t e c t i

  • n

Detector Section

Stopping Target

Muons Electrons

M u

  • n

b e a m

N

  • l

i n e

  • f

s i g h t b e t w e e n d e t e c t

  • r

a n d t a r g e t S e l e c t f

  • r

h i g h m

  • m

e n t u m e l e c t r

  • n

s u s i n g b e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d a n d t u n e a b l e d i p

  • l

e i e l d S t r a w T r a c k e r a n d E C A L d e t e c t

  • r
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SLIDE 33

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 3

P h a s e

  • I

I D e t e c t i

  • n

Detector Section

Stopping Target

Muons Electrons

M u

  • n

b e a m

N

  • l

i n e

  • f

s i g h t b e t w e e n d e t e c t

  • r

a n d t a r g e t S e l e c t f

  • r

h i g h m

  • m

e n t u m e l e c t r

  • n

s u s i n g b e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d a n d t u n e a b l e d i p

  • l

e i e l d S t r a w T r a c k e r a n d E C A L d e t e c t

  • r

Ma g n i t u d e

  • f

m a g n e t i c i e l d ( T )

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SLIDE 34

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 4

B e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d s + D i p

  • l

e

A c

  • r

r e c t i n g d i p

  • l

e i e l d a l l

  • w

s u s t

  • s

e l e c t t h e m

  • m

e n t u m t h a t r e m a i n s

  • n

a x i s . E g . 1 5 M e V / c :

S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e t E l e c t r

  • n

S p e c t r

  • m

e t e r D e t e c t

  • r

N

  • D

i p

  • l

e

  • .

8 T D i p

  • l

e

  • .

2 2 T D i p

  • l

e

Y Z X

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SLIDE 35

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 5

Mo m e n t u m S e p a r a t i

  • n

E l e c t r

  • n

S p e c t r

  • m

e t e r S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e t S e c t i

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

S

  • l

e n

  • i

d

B e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d a l i e l d s e p a r a t e s e l e c t r

  • n

s d e p e n d i n g

  • n

t h e i r m

  • m

e n t u m

1 5 M e V / c 5 M e V / c

C z a r n e c k i e t a l . P R D 8 4 2 1 1

E n e r g y

  • f

e l e c t r

  • n

s f r

  • m

B

  • u

n d Mu

  • n

D e c a y

2 4 6 8 1

E l e c t r

  • n

e n e r g y ( M e V )

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SLIDE 36

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 6

P h a s e

  • I

I D e t e c t

  • r

S t r a w T u b e T r a c k e r p l a n e s + C r y s t a l E C A L

S t r a w T r a c k e r ⇒ M

  • m

e n t u m m e a s u r e m e n t E C A L E n e r g y ⇒ m e a s u r e m e n t C

  • m

b i n a t i

  • n

P I D ⇒

L

  • w

m a t e r i a l b u d g e t H i g h m

  • m

e n t u m r e s

  • l

u t i

  • n

A b

  • u

t 2 K e V / c a t 1 5 M e V / c P r

  • t
  • t

y p e d i n P h a s e

  • I
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SLIDE 37

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 7

C O ME T : P h a s e

  • I

I

3m Pion Capture Section Detector Section Pion Decay and Muon Transport Section

Stopping Target

Muons Pions

Production Target

Protons Electrons

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SLIDE 38

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 8

M u

  • n

b e a m S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e tS i g n a l E l e c t r

  • n

s

A c h i e v i n g H i g h S e n s i t i v i t y

Ma n y s t

  • p

p e d m u

  • n

s H i g h s i g n a l a c c e p t a n c e F e w e r t h a n 1 e x p e c t e d b a c k g r

  • u

n d e v e n t s d u r i n g t h e r u n

I n t e n s e , l

  • w
  • e

n e r g y m u

  • n

b e a m a t t h e t a r g e t L

  • w

d e t e c t

  • r
  • c

c u p a n c y L

  • w

m a t e r i a l b u d g e t ( S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e t a n d D e t e c t

  • r

)

O v e r a l l G

  • a

l s D e s i g n C

  • n

s i d e r a t i

  • n

s

S M Mu

  • n

D e c a y

B a c k g r

  • u

n d S i g n a l

S i g n a l ( C . R . = 3 e

  • 1

5 ) v s . B

  • u

n d M u

  • n

D e c a y

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SLIDE 39

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 3 9

Pion Capture Section Detector Section

Pions Production

Target

Protons Muons

C y D e t S t r E C A L

G

  • a

l s

  • f

P h a s e

  • I

U n d e r s t a n d p r

  • d

u c t i

  • n

s y s t e m U n d e r s t a n d b e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d d y n a m i c s P r

  • t
  • t

y p e t h e d e t e c t

  • r

M e a s u r e m e n t

  • f

b a c k g r

  • u

n d s

  • u

r c e s

μ-

e c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

s e a r c h a t :

C O ME T : P h a s e

  • I
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SLIDE 40

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4

B a c k g r

  • u

n d s

A s s u m e d e x t i n c t i

  • n

f a c t

  • r

s : P h a s e

  • I

: 1

  • 1

1

P h a s e

  • I

I : 1

  • 9

( t

  • b

e u p d a t e d ) F r

  • m

P h a s e

  • I

T D R ( 2 1 4 ) F r

  • m

P h a s e

  • I

I C D R ( 2 9 ) R u n t i m e s : P h a s e

  • I

: 1 1 d a y s P h a s e

  • I

I : 1 y e a r

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SLIDE 41

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 1

COMET Phase-I, Status and R&D

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SLIDE 42

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 2

S t r E C A L D e t e c t

  • r

S t r a w T r a c k e r + E C A L

P h a s e

  • I

I D e t e c t

  • r

p r

  • t
  • t

y p e U s e d t

  • c

h a r a c t e r i s e b e a m i n P h a s e

  • I
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SLIDE 43

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 3

S t r a w T r a c k e r

P h a s e

  • I

S t r a w D e s i g n B a s e d

  • n

N A 6 2 S t r a w s w i t h s i n g l e s e a m w e l d U s i n g s a m e p r

  • d

u c t i

  • n

t e c h n i q u e 2 m i c r

  • n

a l u m i n i s e d m y l a r 9 . 8 m m d i a m e t e r t u b e s P h a s e

  • I

I p

  • s

s i b i l i t i e s : 5 m m d i a m e t e r 1 2 m i c r

  • n

A l

  • m

y l a r S t a t u s P h a s e

  • I

p r

  • d

u c t i

  • n

i n i s h e d ( 2 5 s t r a w s ) A g i n g t e s t s , r e s

  • l

u t i

  • n

s t u d i e s u n d e r w a y

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SLIDE 44

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 4

E C A L

2 2 7 2 L Y S O C r y s t a l s

D i m e n s i

  • n

s : 2 x 2 x 1 2 c m

S t a t u s :

C r y s t a l p u r c h a s i n g

  • n
  • g
  • i

n g T e s t b e n c h b e i n g b u i l t B e a m t e s t s f

  • r

r e s

  • l

u t i

  • n

s t u d i e s , P I D a n d D A Q u n d e r w a y C a l i b r a t i

  • n

s y s t e m b e i n g d e s i g n e d

S t r E C A L T r i g g e r a n d E n e r g y Me a s u r e m e n t f

  • r

P I D

B e a m t e s t s e t u p f

  • r

r e s

  • l

u t i

  • n

s t u d y B e a m t e s t s e t u p f

  • r

r e s

  • l

u t i

  • n

s t u d y

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SLIDE 45

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 5

C D C R e s

  • l

u t i

  • n

p l

  • t

s

C y l i n d r i c a l D e t e c t

  • r

( C y D e t )

C y l i n d r i c a l D r i f t C h a m b e r ( C D C ) t r i g g e r e d f r

  • m

h

  • d
  • s

c

  • p

e s m a d e

  • f

C h e r e n k

  • v

c

  • u

n t e r s a n d p l a s t i c s c i n t i l l a t

  • r

s 6 c m i n n e r r a d i u s

O n l y a c c e p t p a r t i c l e s w i t h m

  • m

e n t u m g r e a t e r t h a n 6 Me V / c A v

  • i

d s b e a m l a s h a n d m

  • s

t e l e c t r

  • n

s f r

  • m

b

  • u

n d m u

  • n

d e c a y

M

  • m

e n t u m m e a s u r e m e n t u s i n g d r i f t c h a m b e r

L

  • w

m a t e r i a l b u d g e t i m p r

  • v

e s r e s

  • l

u t i

  • n

A l l s t e r e

  • w

i r e s t

  • r

e c

  • v

e r Z i n f

  • r

m a t i

  • n

E l e c t r

  • n

s f r

  • m

B

  • u

n d Mu

  • n

D e c a y

P h a s e

  • I

P h y s i c s Me a s u r e m e n t

D r i f t c h a m b e r T r i g g e r h

  • d
  • s

c

  • p

e s

C z a r n e c k i e t a l . P R D 8 4 2 1 1

2 4 6 8 1

E l e c t r

  • n

e n e r g y ( M e V )

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SLIDE 46

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 6

C y l i n d r i c a l D r i f t C h a m b e r ( C D C )

2 l a y e r s w i t h a l t e r n a t i n g s t e r e

  • a

n g l e s

  • f

± 4 °

2 , w i r e s t

  • t

a l

F u l l y s t r u n g a s

  • f

N

  • v

e m b e r 2 1 5 Wi r e t e n s i

  • n

c h e c k i n g

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SLIDE 47

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 7

F a c i l i t y S t a t u s a n d B e a m l i n e

O c t

  • b

e r 2 1 4 J u n e 2 1 4 Ma r c h 2 1 5 J a n u a r y 2 1 5

B u i l d i n g a n d h a l l c

  • m

p l e t e d P h a s e

  • I

b e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d b u i l t a n d i n s t a l l e d

D e c e m b e r 2 1 5

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SLIDE 48

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 8

S c h e d u l e a n d C

  • l

l a b

  • r

a t i

  • n

J a p a n e s e F i s c a l Y e a r 2 1 5 2 1 6 2 1 7 2 1 8 2 1 9 2 2 0 2 2 1 C O ME T B e a m l i n e P h a s e

  • I

C

  • n

s t r u c t i

  • n

D a t a P h a s e

  • I

I C

  • n

s t r u c t i

  • n

D a t a

1 4 C

  • u

n t r i e s 3 2 i n s t i t u t e s 1 7 7 p a r t i c i p a n t s

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SLIDE 49

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 4 9

S u m m a r y

Mu

  • n
  • t
  • e

l e c t r

  • n

c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

i s a s t r

  • n

g p r

  • b

e

  • f

n e w p h y s i c s C O ME T ' s s t a g e d a p p r

  • a

c h a n d u n i q u e d e s i g n m a k e s i t h i g h l y s e n s i t i v e t

  • t

h i s p r

  • c

e s s D e v e l

  • p

m e n t a n d c

  • n

s t r u c t i

  • n

a r e w e l l u n d e r w a y Mu

  • n
  • t
  • e

l e c t r

  • n

c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

i s a s t r

  • n

g p r

  • b

e

  • f

n e w p h y s i c s

C O ME T P h a s e

  • I

2 1 8 S e n s i t i v i t y < 1 1 d a y s 3 . 2 k W p r

  • t
  • n

b e a m C O ME T P h a s e

  • I

I 2 2 1 S e n s i t i v i t y < 1 Y e a r 5 6 k W p r

  • t
  • n

b e a m

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SLIDE 50

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5

B a c k

  • u

p s

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SLIDE 51

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 1

Mu

  • n

t

  • E

l e c t r

  • n

C

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

v i a N e u t r i n

  • O

s c i l l a t i

  • n

A l t h

  • u

g h t h i n g s s t i l l a r e n ' t e s p e c i a l l y s i m p l e : C a n c e l l a t i

  • n

s , c

  • h

e r e n c e s , f

  • r

m f a c t

  • r

s

A l l d i a g r a m s i n v

  • l

v i n g N e u t r i n

  • O

s c i l l a t i

  • n

s

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SLIDE 52

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 2

Wh y a n A l u m i n i u m T a r g e t ?

M a x i m i s e a t

  • m

i c l i f e t i m e c

  • m

p a r e d t

  • b

e a m l a s h d u r a t i

  • n

M i n i m i s e b i n d i n g a n d n u c l e a r r e c

  • i

l e n e r g i e s M a x i m i s e c a p t u r e b r a n c h i n g r a t i

  • (

P h a s e

  • I

: M i n i m i s e e m i s s i

  • n

s f

  • l

l

  • w

i n g m u

  • n

n u c l e a r c a p t u r e )

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SLIDE 53

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 3

Mu 2 e

T 2 K

  • B

a s e d a t F e r m i l a b , C h i c a g

  • S

i m i l a r p r

  • d

u c t i

  • n

s y s t e m

  • S
  • s

h a p e d b e n t s

  • l

e n

  • i

d s

  • C

y l i n d r i c a l l y a r r a n g e d s t r a w t r a c k e r + E C A L

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SLIDE 54

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 4

Mu 2 e v s C O ME T

C O M E T h a s t u n a b l e d i p

  • l

e i e l d s

C a n s e l e c t d u r i n g r u n n i n g w h i c h m

  • m

e n t a a r e a c c e p t e d

C O M E T h a s a s t a g e d a p p r

  • a

c h

Wi l l u n d e r s t a n d b e a m l i n e a n d d e t e c t

  • r

s y s t e m s a t P h a s e

  • I

I t h a n k s t

  • P

h a s e

  • I

k n

  • w

l e d g e U n c e r t a i n t y

  • n

P i

  • n

y i e l d a t p r

  • d

u c t i

  • n

t a r g e t M u 2 e w i l l a l s

  • b

e a b l e t

  • u

s e C O M E T P h a s e

  • I

k n

  • w

l e d g e

N

  • l

i n e

  • f
  • s

i g h t b e t w e e n C O M E T P h a s e

  • I

I d e t e c t

  • r

a n d s t

  • p

p i n g t a r g e t

N e u t r a l p a r t i c l e s a r e m u c h l e s s

  • f

a c

  • n

c e r n S e p a r a t i

  • n
  • f

l

  • w

t

  • h

i g h m

  • m

e n t u m e l e c t r

  • n

s

C O M E T r u n s a t a h i g h e r b e a m p

  • w

e r

1 y e a r t

  • a

c h i e v e s a m e s e n s i t i v i t y

M u 2 e c a n r u n s i m u l t a n e

  • u

s l y t

  • g
  • 2

a n d

  • t

h e r e x p e r i m e n t s

C O M E T u s e s d e d i c a t e d a c c e l e r a t

  • r

m

  • d

e s

  • t

h e r e x p e r i m e n t s ( e g . T 2 K / T 2 H K ) w

  • u

l d n ' t r u n

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SLIDE 55

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 5

P r

  • d

u c t i

  • n

T a r g e t

Y e Y a n g , K E K P i

  • n

y i e l d f

  • r

a g r a p h i t e t a r g e t a t d i f e r e n t a n g l e s b a s e d

  • n

H A R P d a t a a n d d i f e r e n t h a d r

  • n

c

  • d

e s

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SLIDE 56

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 6

Mu

  • n

B e a m : B e n t S

  • l

e n

  • i

d D r i f t s

  • H

e l i c a l c e n t r e s f

  • l

l

  • w

c y l i n d r i c a l i e l d l i n e s P s e u d

  • e

l e c t r i c i e l d r a d i a l l y E x B d r i f t ⇒ ⇒

  • G

r a d i e n t i n r a d i a l d i r e c t i

  • n

G r a d B d r i f t ⇒

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SLIDE 57

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 7

Mu

  • n

B e a m H e i g h t

F

  • r

T h r e e D i f e r e n t D i p

  • l

e 1 & D i p

  • l

e 2 V a l u e s

Y Z S N

  • D

i p

  • l

e s . 5 5 T . 1 1 T

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SLIDE 58

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 8

S u m

  • f

D i p

  • l

e 1 a n d D i p

  • l

e 2 s h

  • u

l d b e c

  • n

s t a n t T

  • t

a l d r i f t e x p e r i e n c e d b y l

  • w

e n e r g y m u

  • n

s s h

  • u

l d b e t h e s a m e

Mu

  • n

B e a m D i p

  • l

e O p t i m s a t i

  • n

Pio Sec Pion Decay and Muon Transport S

Stopping Target

Muons Pions

Production Target

Protons

D i p

  • l

e 1 D i p

  • l

e 2

Mu

  • n

s S t

  • p

p i n g i n t h e T a r g e t

S t

  • p

p i n g M u

  • n

s p e r P r

  • t
  • n
  • n

T a r g e t

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SLIDE 59

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 5 9

D i p

  • l

e S c a n :

S u r v i v a l P r

  • b

a b i l i t y

E l e c t r

  • n

S p e c t r

  • m

e t e r S t

  • p

p i n g T a r g e t S e c t i

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

S

  • l

e n

  • i

d T

  • r

u s 2

Y Z S

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SLIDE 60

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6

E n e r g y L

  • s

s e s B e f

  • r

e T h e D e t e c t

  • r

P r

  • b

a b i l i t y

  • f

a s i g n a l e l e c t r

  • n

a r r i v i n g w i t h m

  • m

e n t u m l e s s t h a n :

P r

  • b

a b i l i t y

  • f

a s i g n a l e l e c t r

  • n

' s m

  • m

e n t u m a t t h e d e t e c t

  • r

P r

  • b

a b i l i t y t h a t a s i g n a l e l e c t r

  • n

w i l l b e d e t e c t e d w i t h a m

  • m

e n t u m l e s s t h a n a c e r t a i n v a l u e

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SLIDE 61

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 1

Simulating COMET

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SLIDE 62

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 2

B a c k g r

  • u

n d s a t P h a s e

  • I

I

L

  • k

i n g f

  • r

a r a r e p r

  • c

e s s :

A s i n g l e e v e n t i f c

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

p e r c a p t u r e a t l e a s t :

N e e d m a n y m u

  • n

s :

S t

  • p

p e d m u

  • n

s : m u

  • n

s P r

  • t
  • n

s n e e d e d : p r

  • t
  • n

s A n d f e w e r t h a n 1 b a c k g r

  • u

n d e v e n t

⇒ Wa n t t

  • u

n d e r s t a n d b e h a v i

  • u

r

  • f

1 e l e c t r

  • n

c

  • m

i n g f r

  • m

2 q u i n t i l l i

  • n

p r

  • t
  • n

s ⇒ Wh a t t h i n g s c a n f a k e t h a t s i g n a l ?

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SLIDE 63

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 3

A c c u r a t e a n d E ic i e n t S i m u l a t i

  • n

A c c u r a c y :

G e

  • m

e t r y M a g n e t i c F i e l d P h y s i c s m

  • d

e l s

H a d r

  • n

p r

  • d

u c t i

  • n

w i t h 8 G e V i n b a c k w a r d s d i r e c t i

  • n

f r

  • m

T u n g s t e n ( a n d G r a p h i t e ) P h y s i c s

  • f

s t

  • p

p e d m u

  • n

s

E ic i e n c y :

R e s a m p l i n g a l g

  • r

i t h m s

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SLIDE 64

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 4

G e

  • m

e t r y

D e t a i l e d d e t e c t

  • r

a n d b e a m l i n e d e s c r i p t i

  • n

F u l l e x p e r i m e n t a l h a l l d e s i g n f

  • r

C

  • s

m i c R a y s t u d i e s

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SLIDE 65

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 5

F i e l d m a p

F i e l d M a g n i t u d e ( T )

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SLIDE 66

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 6

C u s t

  • m

P h y s i c s Mo d e l s

K i n e t i c E n e r g y ( M e V ) K i n e t i c E n e r g y ( M e V )

G e a n t 4 A l C a p d a t a

P r

  • t
  • n

s f r

  • m

Mu

  • n

N u c l e a r C a p t u r e

G e a n t 4 A l C a p d a t a

M

  • m

e n t u m ( Me V / c ) M

  • m

e n t u m ( Me V / c )

E l e c t r

  • n

s f r

  • m

B

  • u

n d Mu

  • n

D e c a y

C z a r n e c k i e t a l . 2 1 1 G e a n t 4 C z a r n e c k i e t a l . 2 1 1 G e a n t 4

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SLIDE 67

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 7

N

  • i

e l d i n d e t e c t

  • r

s

  • l

e n

  • i

d

F i e l d m a p ( G 4 B e a m l i n e )

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SLIDE 68

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 8

H a v e r e a l i s t i c d i p

  • l

e i e l d c a l c u l a t i

  • n

b y T

  • s

h i b a f

  • r

t h e b e n t m u

  • n

b e a m t r a n s p

  • r

t ( T S 2 a n d T S 4 ) N

  • c

a l c u l a t i

  • n

f

  • r

E l e c t r

  • n

S p e c t r

  • m

e t e r U s e u n i f

  • r

m i e l d

D i p

  • l

e F i e l d

D i p

  • l

e i e l d m a g n i t u d e b e f

  • r

e

  • p

t i m i s a t i

  • n
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SLIDE 69

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 6 9

C u s t

  • m

Mu

  • n

P h y s i c s I m p l e m e n t a t i

  • n

G 4 H a d r

  • n

i c S t

  • p

p i n g P r

  • c

e s s C O ME T S t

  • p

p e d Mu

  • n

P r

  • c

e s s e s C O ME T Mu

  • n

Mi n u s B

  • u

n d D e c a y O r C

  • n

v e r s i

  • n

F l a t G 4 H a d r

  • n

i c I n t e r a c t i

  • n

( E M

  • C

a s c a d e ) G 4 H a d r

  • n

i c I n t e r a c t i

  • n

( B

  • u

n d D e c a y ) G 4 H a d r

  • n

i c I n t e r a c t i

  • n

( N u c l e a r C a p t u r e Mo d e l s ) C O ME T M u

  • n

M i n u s C a p t u r e G 4 C a s c a d e I n t e r f a c e ( B e r t i n i C a s c a d e ) C O ME T V S p e c t r u m C z a r n e c k i e t a l . 2 1 1 D i g i t i s e d P D F A l C a p P r

  • t
  • n

S p e c t r u m

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SLIDE 70

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7

D e c a y

  • i

n

  • O

r b i t S p e c t r u m

L i n e a r L

  • g

A b s

  • l

u t e d i f e r e n c e R e l a t i v e d i f e r e n c e

M

  • m

e n t u m ( Me V / c ) M

  • m

e n t u m ( Me V / c )

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SLIDE 71

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 1

P r

  • t
  • n

E m i s s i

  • n

F

  • l

l

  • w

i n g Mu

  • n

C a p t u r e

A l C a p R e s u l t

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SLIDE 72

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 2

T h e A l C a p Me a s u r e m e n t

T a r g e t Mu

  • n

T r i g g e r s : Mu S c , Mu P C L e f t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

Mu

  • n

V e t

  • S

c i n t i l l a t

  • r

R i g h t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

L e a d S h i e l d i n g C

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

V a c u u m P u m p G e r m a n i u m D e t e c t

  • r

3 Me V / c , 3

  • 6

K H z N e u t r

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

( O u t

  • f
  • i

m a g e )

`

M u 2 E

C O M E T

C O M E T : O s a k a U n i v e r s i t y I H E P C h i n a I m p e r i a l C

  • l

l e g e L

  • n

d

  • n

U n i v e r s i t y C

  • l

l e g e L

  • n

d

  • n

M u 2 e A r g

  • n

n e N L B

  • s

t

  • n

U n i v e r s i t y B N L I N F N F e r m i l a b U n i v .

  • f

H

  • u

s t

  • n

U n i v .

  • f

Wa s h i n g t

  • n

3 R u n s a t P S I : 2 1 3 f

  • r

c h a r g e d p a r t i c l e s 2 1 5 a f

  • r

n e u t r a l p a r t i c l e s 2 1 5 b f

  • r

c h a r g e d p a r t i c l e s

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SLIDE 73

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 3

A l C a p Wo r k P a c k a g e s

WP 1 : C h a r g e d P a r t i c l e e m i s s i

  • n

a f t e r M u

  • n

C a p t u r e

R a t e a n d s p e c t r u m w i t h p r e c i s i

  • n

5

  • 1

% d

  • w

n t

  • 2

. 5 M e V D

  • m

i n a n t r a t e i n t r a c k e r f

  • r

M u 2 e a n d C O M E T P h a s e

  • I

WP 2 : X

  • r

a y a n d G a m m a E m i s s i

  • n

a f t e r M u

  • n

C a p t u r e

X

  • r

a y a n d g a m m a r a y f

  • r

n

  • r

m a l i z a t i

  • n

( b y G e d e t e c t

  • r

) , r a d i a t i v e m u

  • n

d e c a y ( b y N a I d e t e c t

  • r

)

WP 3 : N e u t r

  • n

E m i s s i

  • n

a f t e r M u

  • n

C a p t u r e

R a t e a n d s p e c t r u m f r

  • m

1 M e V u p t

  • 1

M e V B G f

  • r

c a l

  • r

i m e t e r s a n d c

  • s

m i c

  • r

a y v e t

  • ,

d a m a g e t

  • e

l e c t r

  • n

i c s

R u n 1 ( 2 1 3 ) WP 1 a n d WP 2 R u n 2 ( 2 1 5 ) WP 2 a n d WP 3 R u n 3 ( 2 1 5 ) WP 1 a n d WP 2

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SLIDE 74

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 4

R u n

  • 1

: S e t u p

T a r g e t Mu

  • n

T r i g g e r s : Mu S c , Mu P C L e f t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

Mu

  • n

V e t

  • S

c i n t i l l a t

  • r

R i g h t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

L e a d S h i e l d i n g C

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

V a c u u m P u m p G e r m a n i u m D e t e c t

  • r

3 Me V / c , 3

  • 6

K H z N e u t r

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

( O u t

  • f
  • i

m a g e )

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SLIDE 75

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 5

G e r m a n i u m D e t e c t

  • r

N e u t r

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

( O u t

  • f
  • i

m a g e ) Mu

  • n

V e t

  • S

c i n t i l l a t

  • r

R i g h t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

L e a d S h i e l d i n g V a c u u m P u m p L e f t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

T a r g e t Mu

  • n

T r i g g e r s : Mu S c , Mu P C C

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

3 Me V / c , 3

  • 6

K H z

R u n

  • 1

: S e t u p

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SLIDE 76

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 6

G e r m a n i u m D e t e c t

  • r

N e u t r

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

( O u t

  • f
  • i

m a g e ) Mu

  • n

V e t

  • S

c i n t i l l a t

  • r

R i g h t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

L e a d S h i e l d i n g V a c u u m P u m p L e f t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

T a r g e t Mu

  • n

T r i g g e r s : Mu S c , Mu P C C

  • l

l i m a t

  • r

3 Me V / c , 3

  • 6

K H z

R u n

  • 1

: S e t u p

R i g h t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

T h i n S i l i c

  • n

( 5 8 m ) μ T h i c k S i l i c

  • n

( 1 . 5 m m ) P u n c h

  • t

h r

  • u

g h S c i n t i l l a t

  • r

v e t

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SLIDE 77

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 7

R u n

  • 1

: D a t a s e t s

T a r g e t B e a m M

  • m

e n t u m ( x 2 8 M e V / c ) N u m b e r

  • f

M u

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s ( x 1

7

) C

  • m

m e n t s S i ( 1 5 m ) μ 1 . 3 2 2 . 7 8 A c t i v e T a r g e t 1 . 3 2 8 . 9 C r

  • s

s c h e c k w i t h e x i s t i n g S i d a t a 1 . 1 1 3 . 7 S i ( 6 2 m ) μ 1 . 6 1 . 7 2 P a s s i v e T a r g e t A l ( 1 m ) μ 1 . 9 2 9 . 4 1 . 7 4 . 9 9 A l ( 5 m ) μ 1 . 7 8 8 . 1

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SLIDE 78

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 8

N u m b e r

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G e r m a n i u m d e t e c t

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X

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a g n e t i c c a s c a d e t

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s

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b i t a l M u

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s e l e c t i

  • n

c r i t e r i a I n c

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i n g m u

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c u t s M u

  • n

s c i n t i l l a t

  • r

e n e r g y M u

  • n

p i l e

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p p r

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e c t i

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P r

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p t X

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a y s ( < 5 n s ) F i t 2 p

  • 1

s p e a k a t 3 4 7 K e V G a u s s i a n B a c k g r

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n d : L i n e a r b a s e l i n e S e c

  • n

d G a u s s i a n f

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n e a r b y P b / T l c a p t u r e p e a k

A l : 2 p

  • 1

s T l P b F i t : D

  • u

b l e G a u s s i a n + l i n e a r b a s e l i n e

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SLIDE 79

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 7 9

C h a r g e d P a r t i c l e Me a s u r e m e n t

R i g h t S i l i c

  • n

D e t e c t

  • r

4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 1 10

P r

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s T r i t

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s D e u t e r

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s A l p h a s

I d e n t i i c a t i

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S t

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p e d P a r t i c l e S p e c i e s u s i n g T h i n a n d T h i c k e n e r g y d e p

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i t s :

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SLIDE 80

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 8

C h a r g e d P a r t i c l e Me a s u r e m e n t

H i t s e l e c t i

  • n

c r i t e r i a : T i m e

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h i t > 1 n s s i n c e m u

  • n

( r e m

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e s s c a t t e r e d m u

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s , l e a d c a p t u r e p r

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u c t s ) P I D c u t G e

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a b i l i t y b a s e d

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s e r v e d s p e c t r a ( A l 5 ) R e s p

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s e M a t r i x ( S i m u l a t i

  • n

)

4000 8000 12000 16000 20000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 1 10

P r

  • t
  • n

s T r i t

  • n

s D e u t e r

  • n

s A l p h a s

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SLIDE 81

T h e C O M E T E x p e r i m e n t , 9 M a r . 2 1 6 B e n K r i k l e r : b e k 7 @i m p e r i a l . a c . u k 8 1

F i r s t T e n t a t i v e S i g n s ?

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a u

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n

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n i v e r s a l i t y :

M u

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G

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L a m b s h i f t i n m u

  • n

i c h y d r

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A n g u l a r d i s t r i b u t i

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i n